Quantum dipole battery

Abstract

An electric energy storage device has first and second conductor layers, a plastic sheet, a quantum dot, and positive and negative electrodes wherein the first and second conductor layers has surfaces coated with ionic or dipole material. The first conductor layer is stacked on top of the second conductor layer with a nanometer-scale interval and with the ionic material layer inbetween, forming a bilayer structure and a quantum heterostructure. Millions of bilayers are stacked together to form a multilayer structure. A positive electrode is attached to the first conductor layer and a negative electrode is attached to the last conductor layer, wherein the first and second conductor layers store electrical energy in the bilayer in a form of binding energy.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electric energy storage device comprising:
 a first conductor layer in a multilayer structure, both surfaces of which comprising first ionic or dipole material layer adjacent to the entire conductor surface thereof and being insulated electrically; 
 a second conductor layer in the multilayer structure, both surfaces of which comprising a second ionic or dipole material layer adjacent to the entire conductor surface thereof and being insulated electrically, wherein a bilayer hetero-structure is comprised of the first and second conductor layers and the ionic material layer sandwiched therebetween them, wherein a thickness of the conductor layers and the interval between them are nanometer scale to form a quantum dipole system of excitons and ions, so that interaction between excitonic dipoles and ionic dipoles occur in the bilayer structure, wherein the multilayer structure is comprised of the millions of ionic or dipole material layers and conductor layers of nanometer thickness, both conductor surfaces of which being coated with ionic or dipole materials across entire surface thereof and being insulated electrically, wherein the multilayer is consisted of the millions of the bilayers; 
 a plastic sheet less than a millimeter thickness is inserted between the two electrodes in order to block direct electric current between the two electrodes; 
 a quantum dot existing on the surface of the nano-thickness conductor layer is effectively formed when the surface is stretched by press, so that an electronic charge can be easily localized in the dot and the polaron interaction is more effective, wherein thickness of the conductor layers and the interval between the conductor layers are nanometer scale to form a quantum dipole system of excitons and ions, so that interaction between excitonic dipoles and ionic dipoles occur in the bilayer structure; 
 a positive electrode attached to only the first conductor layer of the multilayer structure; and 
 a negative electrode attached to only the last conductor layer of the multilayer structure,; and 
 a plastic sheet less than a millimeter thickness is inserted between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in order to block direct electric current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,  
 wherein every conductor layer in the multilayer structure is disconnected, insulated and isolated from an electric current, and each conductor layer is not a current collector, but an excitonic dipole collector, 
 wherein neither electronic nor ionic current is allowed in the multilayer structure except for the electrodes which are attached to a copper (conductor) sheet, because the current in the multilayer structure destroys the dipoles, 
 wherein the first conductor layer is stacked on top of the second conductor layer with a nanometer-scale interval and the ionic or dipole material layer is sandwiched therebetween so as to form the bilayer structure, 
 wherein the first and second conductor layers form the bilayers configured to store electrical energy in the bilayer in a form of binding energy, 
 wherein the electrical energy is stored in the bilayer by applying a DC voltage in the direction perpendicular to the layer plane sheet to the positive and negative electrodes, 
 wherein the stored electrical energy is discharged and output to the electrodes by using an external AC field in a predetermined frequency range as a guiding wave with trigger power, 
 wherein a conductor layer is adopted because low excitation energy of a valence electron is required for jumping to conduction band, and the nanometer thickness of a conductor layer is adopted because the reciprocal of the length of the layer period in the vertical direction shall be large for a polaron formation at the interface of a conductor layer and ionic layer, 
 wherein the length of the layer period in the multilayer is in the range of nanometer scale to have a quantum dipole interaction in the bilayer, 
 wherein the length of the layer period in the multilayer structure is in the range of nanometer scale for an electrical energy storage device, so that the spatial period of the layers in the vertical direction is directly related to a polaron formation in the bilayers, and the thickness of layers as well, 
 wherein a linear chain of dipoles is introduced and formed in the vertical direction to the layers, and the optical vibration is governed to be tuned by the acoustical vibration and the frequencies of the vibrations as well, 
 wherein the layer thickness and interval between the layers are in the range of nanometer scale for formation of quantum dipole system and exciton, 
 wherein the layer thickness and interval in multilayer structure are in the range of nanometer scale in order to have a polaron interaction effective, and a polaron formation at the interface between a conductor layer and ionic layer is important in a storing an electrical energy in the bilayer, because the excitonic and ionic dipole structure has been transformed into the excitonic bipolaron which leads to the formation of the stable anti-ferroelectric structure in the bilayer, 
 wherein when an external field is applied, an polarization of ions and an excitation of valence electrons to conduction band create an collective dipoles in the multilayer system through a propagation of a dipole field (pseudo spin wave) from the electrodes to the empty states, 
 wherein the interaction energy between an excitonic dipole and an ionic dipole depends upon the directions and positions of the dipoles in the bilayer, which is a quasi one dimensional interaction in the vertical direction to the layers, 
 wherein in a nanometer scale, a charge polarization in quantum hetero-structure is a quantum dipole, 
 wherein the states of electronic and ionic dipoles are described in the eigenstates of two-level system, which represents a transition, 
 wherein the interaction terms of excitonic dipole and ionic dipole describe a propagation of pseudo spin waves across the layers in the direction vertical to the layer sheet, 
 wherein the pseudo spin waves propagate crossing the layers by an applied power, and as the pseudo spin waves propagate in the vertical direction, the dipoles spread all over the multilayer structure as the power continues to be provided by an external field, 
 wherein a mechanism for a charging process is induced by a polaron interaction, and by a polaron interaction and Coulomb force, the dipoles keep transforming into the anti-ferroelectric nanostructures in charge, 
 wherein a polaron interaction is so strong that the excitons in the conductor layer have been broken into the electrons and the holes to form the positive polarons and the negative polarons in the bilayer, 
 wherein the positive polarons on one conductor layer and the negative polarons on the other conductor are combined together to form the excitonic bipolarons in the bilayer, and 
 wherein the mechanism for a storing energy in the multilayer structure is a transformation process of from the dipole system into an anti-ferroelectric nanostructure created by applied power in the bilayers, 
 wherein the ionic or dipole material layers comprise an ionic or dipole materials selected from the group consisting of MgSO4, LiPF6, LiClO4, LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiBF4, LiCF3SO3, LiSbF6, Li4Ti5O12, ionic polymers, and ionic minerals or any kind of ionic mineral materials and dipole materials, wherein the ionic or dipole material is MgSO4. 
 
     
     
       2. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second conductor layers includes activated carbons, electrically polarizing ionic materials, graphenes, carbon nanotubes, or any kind of conducting materials that should be nanometer-scale in order to make a polaron interaction effective and suitable to get doped with an ionic material for a conductor layer, ionic polymers, and ionic minerals. 
     
     
       3. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second conductor layers and the ionic or dipole material layers is two-dimensional with a nanometer-scale thickness. 
     
     
       4. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first and second conductor layers are stacked on top of each other and inbetween the dipole or ionic material layer is sandwiched, so as to form a 2+1 dimensional multilayer, 
 wherein each of the first and second conductor layers and the dipole or ionic material layer is 2-dimensional and forms a plane sheet which is not bent because of a dipole-dipole interaction depending on the directions of the dipoles, and a bending the sheet may change the interaction, and 
 wherein the dipole-dipole interaction between excitonic dipole and ionic dipole is quasi one dimensional. 
 
     
     
       5. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the ionic or dipole material coated on the first and last conductor layers has a substantially zero electric charge transport property so as to be an insulator and to make the materials polarizing. 
     
     
       6. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein a nanometer-sized bound state of charge which is a quantum dipole is induced and created by an applied external field, and the process of a quantum dipole formation in the multilayer is due to a dipole-dipole interaction of the electronic dipoles and ionic dipoles. 
     
     
       7. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein a ferroelectric dipole system is formed in the multilayer through a propagation of the dipolar pseudo spin wave by an applied external DC field, wherein the dipole-dipole interaction is attractive in the quasi one dimensional vertical line to the layers in the bilayer. 
     
     
       8. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the dipole system in the multilayer begins to be transformed to an excitonic bipolaron and an anti-ferroelectric structure by a polaron interaction and Coulomb forces in the bilayer, wherein a neutrality of the nanostructure helps a charging process. 
     
     
       9. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the electrical energy is stored in an anti-ferroelectric nanostructure as a binding energy in the bilayers as a form of charge double layer. 
     
     
       10. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein with respect to a density of the system, a high capacity means a high electric energy density and a high electronic charge density, wherein a nano-sized bound state of charges in the bilayer is introduced, and the tens of millions of the bilayers are stacked one by one so that the multilayer structure is formed in the three dimensional volume, and the layer density of the multilayer structure is very high, so that the stored energy density in the multilayer is tremendously boosted. 
     
     
       11. The electric energy storage device of claim  10   1 , wherein the external AC guiding field is applied to the electrical energy storage device for discharge, wherein the electrical energy is stored inside the electric energy storage device in three dimensional volume, and wherein the anti-ferroelectric nanostructure functions as a micro-voltaic power source in discharge, wherein the output voltaic power is a sum of the micro-voltaic power. 
     
     
       12. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the mechanical process of releasing the stored energy from the anti-ferroelectric structure is related to a propagation of antiparallel pseudo spin waves to the electrodes along with the applied guiding field in the vertical direction in discharging process. 
     
     
       13. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the antiparallel dipoles of their repulsive interaction propagate in the form of pseudo spins wave into the electrodes by an external guiding field in discharging process. 
     
     
       14. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein at the electrodes, the stored energy is released as a voltaic power by a guiding AC field because the interaction between the antiparallel dipoles in the quasi one dimensional line is repulsive. 
     
     
       15. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second conductor layers is made from one selected from the group consisting of open structured activated carbon powder, carbon nano tube, and graphene. 
     
     
       16. The electric energy storage device of claim  15   1 , wherein each of the first and second conductor layers is made from high surface area activated carbon powder of which pores scale is in a nanometer range. 
     
     
       17. The electric energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the first and second conductor layers are formed by pressing activated carbon mixtures with liquid ionic materials until the pore diameter is squeezed as a form of bilayer to the nanometer size in the multilayer structure. 
     
     
       18. The electric energy storage device of claim  17   1 , wherein the multilayer structure has a shape of a disc having about 0.2 g weight, about 3 mm diameter, and about 2 mm thickness. 
     
     
       19. An electric energy storage system of claim  11   1 , wherein
 the direction of the electric current in the electrodes and dipoles in the multilayer may be forward and backward in turns according to the external AC field, 
 wherein the peak of output power depends upon a sample preparation, 
 wherein oscillating dipoles in the bilayer interact directly with oscillating electric vector of external electric field at the resonance, 
 wherein the most effective frequency range for discharge may be above the 15 Mhz, 
 wherein the DC output voltage is measured from 12 MHz to 20 Mhz with a bridge rectifier circuit, 
 wherein the battery sample is connected parallel to the rectifier, 
 wherein DC voltage is measured with the battery and without the battery in turns and then the difference is calculated, 
 wherein the value of the voltage difference is positive in this frequency range which is above the 15 Mhz, 
 wherein the energy is produced by the battery, 
 wherein the difference value in the range below the 15 MHz is negative, meaning that the energy is dissipated by the battery, 
 wherein in the frequency range, the battery is functioning like a resistor or capacitor. 
 
     
     
       20. An electric energy storage system of  claim 19 ,
 wherein the charged battery is discharged autonomously without an external AC power input with a feedback system, wherein the DC power produced by the battery is used for extra work. 
 
     
     
       21. An electric energy storage device comprising:
 a multilayer structure comprising a plurality of heterostructures, each heterostructure including:
 a first conductor layer; 
 a second conductor layer; 
 an ionic or dipole material layer sandwiched between the first and second conductor layers, wherein a thickness of the conductor layers and the ionic or dipole material layer between them are nanometer scale to form a quantum dipole system of excitons and ions, so that interaction between excitonic dipoles and ionic dipoles occur in the heterostructure; and 
 a quantum dot on the surface of the first or second conductor layer; 
   a positive electrode attached to the first conductor layer of a first heterostructure of the multilayer structure; and   a negative electrode attached to the second conductor layer of a last heterostructure of the multilayer structure,   wherein a first surface of the first conductor layer and a second surface of the second conductor layer are entirely coated with ionic or dipole materials and are insulated electrically,   wherein the first and second conductor layers are configured to store electrical energy in the heterostructure in a form of binding energy,   wherein electrical energy is stored in the heterostructure responsive to the application of a DC voltage to the positive and negative electrodes in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the first conductor layer of the first heterostructure, and   wherein the stored electrical energy is discharged and output to the electrodes responsive to application of a triggering electric potential.   
     
     
       22. The electric energy storage device of  claim 21 , wherein the second conductor layer of the first heterostructure is also the first conductor layer of an adjacent heterostructure in the multilayer structure. 
     
     
       23. The electric energy storage device of  claim 21 , wherein the multilayer structure comprises millions of instances of the heterostructure that are stacked. 
     
     
       24. The electric energy storage device of  claim 21 , further comprising a plastic sheet disposed between the positive and negative electrodes to block direct electric current between the two electrodes. 
     
     
       25. The electric energy storage device of  claim 24 , wherein the plastic sheet has a thickness of less than a millimeter. 
     
     
       26. An electric energy storage device comprising:
 a multilayer structure comprising a plurality of heterostructures, each heterostructure including:
 a first conductor layer; 
 a second conductor layer; 
 an ionic or dipole material layer sandwiched between the first and second conductor layers, wherein a thickness of the conductor layers and the ionic or dipole material layer between them are nanometer scale to form a quantum dipole system of excitons and ions, so that interaction between excitonic dipoles and ionic dipoles occur in the heterostructure; and 
 a quantum dot on the surface of the first or second conductor layer; 
   a positive electrode attached to the first conductor layer of a first heterostructure of the multilayer structure; and   a negative electrode attached to the second conductor layer of a last heterostructure of the multilayer structure,   wherein the multilayer structure comprises millions of instances of the heterostructure that are stacked,   wherein the first and second conductor layers are configured to store electrical energy in the heterostructure in a form of binding energy,   wherein electrical energy is stored in the heterostructure responsive to the application of a DC voltage to the positive and negative electrodes in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the first conductor layer of the first heterostructure, and   wherein the stored electrical energy is discharged and output to the electrodes responsive to application of a triggering electric potential.   
     
     
       27. The electric energy storage device of  claim 26 , wherein the second conductor layer of the first heterostructure is also the first conductor layer of an adjacent heterostructure in the multilayer structure. 
     
     
       28. The electric energy storage device of  claim 26 , wherein a first surface of the first conductor layer and a second surface of the second conductor layer are entirely coated with ionic or dipole materials and are insulated electrically. 
     
     
       29. The electric energy storage device of  claim 26 , further comprising a plastic sheet disposed between the positive and negative electrodes to block direct electric current between the two electrodes. 
     
     
       30. The electric energy storage device of  claim 29 , wherein the plastic sheet has a thickness of less than a millimeter.