Chemically bonded ceramic radiation shielding material and method of preparation

Abstract

A composition of matter and method of forming a radiation shielding member at ambient temperatures in which the composition of matter includes a ‘cold-fired’ chemically bonded oxide-phosphate ceramic cement matrix; with one or more suitably prepared and distributed radiation shielding materials dispersed in the ‘cold-fired’ chemically bonded oxide-phosphate ceramic cement matrix.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A composition of matter comprising:
 a chemically bonded oxide-phosphate based ceramic matrix; and   a radiation shielding material, wherein the radiation shielding material is dispersed   in the chemically bonded oxide-phosphate based ceramic matrix in an amount of 40%-75% by weight and the radiation shielding material is selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium sulfate, cerium oxide, tungsten, tungsten oxide, gadolinium, gadolinium oxide, depleted uranium oxide, wherein the oxide-phosphate based ceramic matrix is MgHPO4⋅3H2O (magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate), or wherein the oxide-phosphate ceramic matrix includes at least two different metal phosphates.   
     
     
       2. The composition of matter of  claim 1  wherein the at least two different metal phosphates are selected from the group consisting of KH 2 PO 4  (potassium dihydrogen phosphate), MgHPO 4  (magnesium hydrogen phosphate), Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2  (iron (II) phosphate), Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2. 8H 2 O (iron(II) phosphate octahydrate), FePO 4 (iron(III) phosphate), FePO 4 2H 2 O (iron(III) phosphate dihydrate) AlPO 4 aluminum phosphate, AlPO 4. 1.5H 2 O (aluminum phosphate hydrate), CaHPO 4 (calcium hydrogen phosphate), CaHPO 4. 2H 2 O (calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate), BiPO 4 (bismuth phosphate), CePO 4 (cerium(III) phosphate), CePO 4. 2H 2 O cerium(III) phosphate dihydrate), GdPO 4.H2 O (gadolinium phosphate hydrate), BaHPO 4 (barium hydrogen phosphate), and UPO 4  (depleted uranium (U-238) phosphate). 
     
     
       3. The composition of matter of  claim 1  wherein the radiation shielding material is formed as at least one or more of the aggregates or powders dispersed in the oxide-phosphate ceramic. 
     
     
       4. The composition of matter of  claim 1  wherein the at least two different metal phosphates are selected from the group consisting of magnesium hydrogen phosphate, iron(III) phosphate, aluminum phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, bismuth phosphate, cerium(III) phosphate, gadolinium phosphate, and barium hydrogen phosphate. 
     
     
       5. The composition of  claim 1 , comprising at least two radiation-shielding materials to form a multiple layer structure, wherein the at least two radiation-shielding materials are in separate layers of the multiple layer structure. 
     
     
       6. A method of constructing chemically bonded oxide-phosphate based ceramic matrix radiation shielding at ambient temperature, comprising: providing a mixture of
 (a) magnesium oxide, or at least two a metal oxides selected from the group consisting aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, iron(III) oxide; iron (II) oxide and calcium oxide;   (b) a phosphate containing material;   (c) a radiation shielding material selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium sulfate, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, tungsten, gadolinium oxide, gadolinium, depleted uranium oxide; and   (d) a sparsely soluble silicate selected from the group consisting of calcium silicate (CaSiO 3 ), magnesium silicate (MgSiO 3 ), barium silicate (BaSiO 3 ), sodium silicate (NaSiO 3 ), lithium silicate (LaSiO 3 ), and serpentinite   (Mg64.O10.{OH8});   adding an activator to the mixture; and   allowing the mixture of the radiation shielding material, metal oxide, phosphate containing material in an amount of 40% -75% by weight and the sparsely soluble silicate to cure at ambient temperature.   
     
     
       7. The method of constructing a radiation shielding member at temperature conditions of  claim 6  wherein curing occurs at less than 100° C. (one hundred degrees Celsius). 
     
     
       8. The method of constructing a radiation-shielding member at ambient temperature of  claim 6  wherein the phosphate containing material is phosphoric acid. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 6  wherein the activator is water or an acid. 
     
     
       10. A mixture comprising:
 magnesium oxide, or at least two metal oxides selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, iron (III) oxide; iron (II) oxide and calcium oxide;   a phosphate-containing material;   a radiation shielding material selected from the group consisting of: barium oxide, barium sulfate, cerium oxide, tungsten, tungsten oxide, gadolinium, gadolinium oxide, and depleted uranium oxide;   wherein the radiation shielding material is in an amount of 40%-75% by weight; and a sparsely soluble silicate selected from the group consisting of calcium silicate (CaSiO 3 ), magnesium silicate (MgSiO 3 ), barium silicate (BaSiO 3 ), sodium silicate (NaSiO 3 ), lithium silicate (LaSiO 3 ), and serpentinite (Mg 64 .O 10 .{OH 8 });   wherein the composition forms a chemically bonded oxide phosphate ceramic matrix upon activation.   
     
     
       11. The mixture of  claim 9  wherein the phosphate-containing material is potassium dihydrogen phosphates, phosphoric acid, or potassium monohydrogen phosphate. 
     
     
       12. The mixture of  claim 9  wherein the metal oxide is magnesium oxide, and the phosphate-containing material is potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
 and the radiation shielding material is barium sulfate. 
 
     
     
       13. The mixture of  claim 9  wherein the metal oxide is magnesium oxide, and the phosphate-containing material is potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
 and the radiation shielding material is depleted uranium oxide. 
 
     
     
       14. A radiation-shielding composition, comprising:
 (1) a chemically bonded ceramic matrix, comprising:
 a) magnesium phosphate; and 
 b) wollastonite; and 
   (2) a radiation-shielding material in an amount of 40% to 75% dispersed in the chemically bonded ceramic matrix.    
     
     
       15. The radiation-shielding composition of claim 14, wherein the magnesium phosphate; is formed from MgO (magnesium oxide) and KH 2 PO 4  (monopotassium phosphate).  
     
     
       16. The radiation-shielding composition of claim 15, wherein the MgO (magnesium oxide) is dead-burned magnesium oxide.  
     
     
       17. The radiation-shielding composition of claim 14, further comprising a powder or fibers dispersed in the chemically bonded ceramic matrix.  
     
     
       18. The radiation-shielding composition of claim 14, wherein the magnesium phosphate is MgHPO 4 ⋅3H 2 O (magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate).  
     
     
       19. The radiation-shielding composition of claim 14, wherein the radiation-shielding material is selected from the group consisting of barite, barium sulfate, powdered annealed leaded glass, fibers of annealed leaded glass, barium oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten or a tungsten-containing compound, tungsten oxide, gadolinium, gadolinium oxide, depleted uranium oxide, iron oxide, bismuth or a bismuth-containing compound, boron or a boron-containing compound, aluminum oxide, zeolites, clinoptilotites, celestites, depleted uranium, and combinations thereof.  
     
     
       20. A radiation-shielding member comprising the radiation-shielding composition of claim 14.   
     
     
       21. The radiation-shielding member of claim 20, wherein the radiation-shielding member is configured for use as a radiation-shielding wall.  
     
     
       22. The radiation-shielding member of claim 20, wherein the radiation-shielding member is a single layer structure.  
     
     
       23. The radiation-shielding member of claim 20, wherein the radiation-shielding member comprises two layers, each of the two layers having a different radiation-shielding property.  
     
     
       24. The radiation-shielding member of claim 23, wherein the two layers comprise different radiation-shielding materials.  
     
     
       25. A method of constructing a radiation shielding member, comprising:
 (1) forming a mixture comprising:
 (a) MgO (magnesium oxide); 
 (b) KH 2 PO 4  (monopotassium phosphate); 
 (c) wollastonite; and 
 (d) a radiation-shielding material in an amount of 40% to 75%; and 
   (2) curing the mixture to provide a chemically bonded ceramic matrix of MgHPO 4 ⋅3H 2 O (magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate) and wollastonite with the radiation-shielding material dispersed therein.    
     
     
       26. The method of claim 25, wherein the radiation-shielding material is selected from the group consisting of barite, barium sulfate, powdered annealed leaded glass, fibers of annealed leaded glass, barium oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten or a tungsten-containing compound, tungsten oxide, gadolinium, gadolinium oxide, depleted uranium oxide, iron oxide, bismuth or a bismuth-containing compound, boron or a boron-containing compound, aluminum oxide, zeolites, clinoptilotites, celestites, depleted uranium, and combinations thereof.  
     
     
       27. The method of claim 25, wherein curing occurs at less than 100° C.  
     
     
       28. A method of shielding radiation emitting from a radiation source, comprising obstructing the radiation using a radiation shielding member according to claim 20.