Systems/methods of conducting a financial transaction using a smartphone

Abstract

Embodiments of inventive concepts are provided wherein a mobile device, such as a smartphone, may be configured to communicate with a base station, using a first mode, and to communicate with an access point using a second mode that comprises a level of security exceeding that of the first mode. The second mode communications between the mobile device and the access point are conducted over a short-range wireless link responsive to an identity of the mobile device and/or responsive to a biometric data being provided by a user of the mobile device. Such second mode wireless communications may include data relating to a financial transaction and/or other data that may require an increased level of privacy and/or security.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A mobile device comprising:
 a processor that is configured to; and 
 a computer-readable memory having computer program instructions stored in the memory, that when executed by the processor control the mobile device to perform operations comprising: 
 communicating using a first communications mode comprising, wherein the first communications mode comprises a first level of security/privacy and a first wireless communications link that is based upon radio frequency emissions communications comprising a first air interface, a first power symbol energy to noise level, a first cyclostationary signature and a first detectability measure that is based upon the first power symbol energy to noise level and the first cyclostationary signature; 
 communicating using a second communications mode comprising, wherein the second communications mode comprises a second level of security/privacy that is greater than the first level of security/privacy and a second wireless communications link that is based upon radio frequency emissions communications comprising a second power symbol energy to noise level that is less than the first power symbol energy to noise level for the same bit error rate, a second air interface that differs from the first air interface, a second cyclostationary signature that differs from the first cyclostationary signature and comprises a reduction relative to the first cyclostationary signature and a second detectability measure that is less than the first detectability measure based upon the second power symbol energy to noise level being less than the first power symbol energy to noise level for the same bit error rate and based upon the second cyclostationary signature comprising said reduction relative to the first cyclostationary signature; 
 determining a privacy level of information that is to be transmitted; 
 responsive to the privacy level of the information that is to be transmitted comprising the first level of security/privacy, using the first communications mode to communicate the information that is associated with the first level of security/privacy while refraining from using the second communications mode to communicate the information that is associated with the first level of security/privacy; and 
 responsive to the privacy level of the information that is to be transmitted comprising the second level of security/privacy, using the second communications mode to communicate the information that is associated with the second level of security/privacy while refraining from using the first communications mode to communicate the information that is associated with the second level of security/privacy; 
 wirelessly communicating with a base station, at a first distance from the base station, using the first communications mode comprising the first level of security/privacy; and 
 wirelessly communicating with an access point, at a second distance from the access point that is less than the first distance, using the second communications mode comprising the second level of security/privacy that is greater than the first level of security/privacy, responsive to a proximity condition having been satisfied by the mobile device relative to the access point. 
 
     
     
       2. The mobile device according to  claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to control the mobile device to perform further operations comprising further comprise:
 concurrently using the first communications mode and the second communications mode to communicate the information responsive to the information comprising said first level of security/privacy and said second level of security/privacy. 
 
     
     
       3. The mobile device according to  claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to control the mobile device to perform further operations comprising further comprise:
 generating a plurality of waveforms, {U 1 (nT), U 2 (nT), . . . , U M (nT)}, that are orthogonal with one another; wherein n comprises a discrete-time index, n=1, 2, . . . ; and M≥2; 
 using the plurality of waveforms that are orthogonal with one another to define a signaling alphabet; 
 mapping an information sequence, {I k }; I k ∈{I 1 , I 2 , . . . , I M }, into a waveform sequence using the signaling alphabet, 
 wherein k=1, 2, . . . ; and 
 communicating with the base station and and/or with the access point by using respective first and second the signaling alphabets alphabet comprising a the plurality of waveforms that are orthogonal therebetween with one another. 
 
     
     
       4. A communications method comprising:
 communicating using a first communications mode comprising, wherein the first communications mode comprises a first level of security/privacy and a first wireless communications link that is based upon radio frequency emissions communications comprising a first air interface, a first power symbol energy to noise level, a first cyclostationary signature and a first detectability measure that is based upon the first power symbol energy to noise level and the first cyclostationary signature; 
 communicating using a second communications mode comprising, wherein the second communications mode comprises a second level of security/privacy that is greater than the first level of security/privacy and a second wireless communications link that is based upon radio frequency emissions communications comprising a second power symbol energy to noise level that is less than the first power symbol energy to noise level for the same bit error rate, a second air interface that differs from the first air interface, a second cyclostationary signature that differs from the first cyclostationary signature and comprises a reduction relative to the first cyclostationary signature and a second detectability measure that is less than the first detectability measure based upon the second power symbol energy to noise level being less than the first power symbol energy to noise level for the same bit error rate and based upon the second cyclostationary signature comprising said reduction relative to the first cyclostationary signature; 
 using the first communications mode to communicate information that is associated with the first level of security/privacy while refraining from using the second communications mode to communicate information that is associated with the first level of security/privacy; and 
 using the second communications mode to communicate information that is associated with the second level of security/privacy while refraining from using the first communications mode to communicate information that is associated with the second level of security/privacy; 
 wirelessly communicating by a mobile device with a base station, at a first distance from the base station, using the first communications mode comprising the first level of security/privacy; and 
 wirelessly communicating by the mobile device with an access point, at a second distance from the access point that is less than the first distance, using the second communications mode comprising the second level of security/privacy that is greater than the first level of security/privacy, responsive to a proximity condition having been satisfied by the mobile device relative to the access point. 
 
     
     
       5. The communications method according to  claim 4 , further comprising:
 concurrently using the first communications mode and the second communications mode to communicate information responsive to the information comprising said first level of security/privacy and said second level of security/privacy. 
 
     
     
       6. The communications method according to  claim 4 , further comprising:
 communicating with the base station and with the access point by using respective first and second signaling alphabets comprising a plurality of waveforms that are orthogonal therebetween. 
 
     
     
       7. A computer program product comprising:
 a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied in the medium, that when executed by a processor of a mobile device controls the mobile device to perform operations comprising: 
 communicating using a first communications mode comprising, wherein the first communications mode comprises a first level of security/privacy and a first wireless communications link that is based upon radio frequency emissions communications comprising a first air interface, a first power symbol energy to noise level, a first cyclostationary signature and a first detectability measure that is based upon the first power symbol energy to noise level and the first cyclostationary signature; 
 communicating using a second communications mode comprising, wherein the second communications mode comprises a second level of security/privacy that is greater than the first level of security/privacy and a second wireless communications link that is based upon radio frequency emissions communications comprising a second power symbol energy to noise level that is less than the first power symbol energy to noise level for the same bit error rate, a second air interface that differs from the first air interface, a second cyclostationary signature that differs from the first cyclostationary signature and comprises a reduction relative to the first cyclostationary signature and a second detectability measure that is less than the first detectability measure based upon the second power symbol energy to noise level being less than the first power symbol energy to noise level for the same bit error rate and based upon the second cyclostationary signature comprising said reduction relative to the first cyclostationary signature; 
 using the first communications mode to communicate information that is associated with the first level of security/privacy while refraining from using the second communications mode to communicate information that is associated with the first level of security/privacy; and 
 using the second communications mode to communicate information that is associated with the second level of security/privacy while refraining from using the first communications mode to communicate information that is associated with the second level of security/privacy; and 
 wirelessly communicating with a base station, at a first distance from the base station, using the first communications mode comprising the first level of security/privacy; and 
 wirelessly communicating with an access point, at a second distance from the access point that is less than the first distance, using the second communications mode comprising the second level of security/privacy that is greater than the first level of security/privacy, responsive to a proximity condition having been satisfied by the mobile device relative to the access point. 
 
     
     
       8. The computer program product according to  claim 7 , wherein the computer readable program code is further configured to control the mobile device to perform further operations comprising:
 concurrently using the communications first mode and the second communications mode to communicate information responsive to the information comprising said first level of security/privacy and said second level of security/privacy. 
 
     
     
       9. The computer program product according to  claim 7 , wherein the computer readable program code is further configured to control the mobile device to perform further operations comprising:
 communicating with the base station and with the access point by using respective first and second signaling alphabets comprising a plurality of waveforms that are orthogonal therebetween. 
 
     
     
       10. A mobile device comprising:
 a processor; and   a computer-readable memory having computer program instructions stored in the memory, that when executed by the processor control the mobile device to perform operations comprising:   communicating using a first communications mode, wherein the first communications mode comprises a first level of security/privacy and a first wireless communications link that is based upon communications comprising a first air interface, a first symbol energy to noise level, a first cyclostationary signature and a first detectability measure that is based upon the first symbol energy to noise level and the first cyclostationary signature;   communicating using a second communications mode, wherein the second communications mode comprises a second level of security/privacy that is greater than the first level of security/privacy and a second wireless communications link that is based upon communications comprising a second symbol energy to noise level that is less than the first symbol energy to noise level for the same bit error rate, a second air interface that differs from the first air interface, a second cyclostationary signature that differs from the first cyclostationary signature and comprises a reduction relative to the first cyclostationary signature and a second detectability measure that is less than the first detectability measure based upon the second symbol energy to noise level being less than the first symbol energy to noise level for the same bit error rate and based upon the second cyclostationary signature comprising said reduction relative to the first cyclostationary signature;   determining a privacy level of information that is to be transmitted;   responsive to the privacy level of the information that is to be transmitted comprising the first level of security/privacy, using the first communications mode to communicate the information with the first level of security/privacy while refraining from using the second communications mode to communicate the information with the first level of security/privacy; and   responsive to the privacy level of the information that is to be transmitted comprising the second level of security/privacy, using the second communications mode to communicate the information with the second level of security/privacy while refraining from using the first communications mode to communicate the information with the second level of security/privacy.   
     
     
       11. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
 concurrently using the first communications mode and the second communications mode to communicate the information responsive to the information comprising said first level of security/privacy and said second level of security/privacy.   
     
     
       12. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
 generating a plurality of waveforms, {U 1 (nT), U 2 (nT), . . . , U M (nT)}, that are orthogonal with one another; wherein n comprises a discrete-time index, n=1, 2, . . . ; and M≥2;   using the plurality of waveforms that are orthogonal with one another as a signaling alphabet;   mapping an information sequence, {I k }; I k ∈{I 1 , I 2 , . . . , I M }, into a waveform sequence using the signaling alphabet,   wherein k=1, 2, . . . ; and   communicating with a base station and/or with an access point by using the signaling alphabet comprising the plurality of waveforms that are orthogonal with one another.   
     
     
       13. The communications method according to claim 4, further comprising:
 determining a privacy level of information that is to be transmitted;   wherein the using the first communications mode while refraining from using the second communications mode is performed responsive to the privacy level of the information that is to be transmitted comprising the first level of security/privacy, and   wherein the using the second communications mode while refraining from using the first communications mode is performed responsive to the privacy level of the information that is to be transmitted comprising the second level of security/privacy.   
     
     
       14. The computer program product according to claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise:
 determining a privacy level of information that is to be transmitted;   wherein the using the first communications mode while refraining from using the second communications mode is performed responsive to the privacy level of the information that is to be transmitted comprising the first level of security/privacy, and   wherein the using the second communications mode while refraining from using the first communications mode is performed responsive to the privacy level of the information that is to be transmitted comprising the second level of security/privacy.