USRE43389EExpiredUtility

Vessel for blood sampling

31
Assignee: HELFTENBEIN ELKEPriority: Aug 12, 1998Filed: Aug 12, 1999Granted: May 15, 2012
Est. expiryAug 12, 2018(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Elke Helftenbein
A61B 5/150755A61B 5/150351A61B 5/15003C12N 15/1003Y10T436/25C12Q 1/6806Y10T436/2525A61B 5/1438A61B 5/154
31
PatentIndex Score
19
Cited by
139
References
158
Claims

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vessel for withdrawing blood, the vessel containing a solution which comprises a guanidinium salt, a buffer substance, a reducing agent, and/or a detergent as components. The vessel is particularly suited for withdrawing blood which is to be analyzed with respect to nucleic acids.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1. A blood withdrawing vessel comprising:
 an evacuated chamber which is provided for receiving withdrawn blood containing a nucleic acid-stabilizing aqueous solution for stabilizing nucleic acids in the withdrawn blood directly upon contact with the solution, 
 wherein the solution comprisingcomprises the following components: 
 a guanidinium salt in a concentration of 1 to 8.0 M; 
 a buffer substance in a concentration of 10 to 300 mM; 
 a reducing agent in a concentration of 0.1 to 10%, by wt; and 
 a detergent in a concentration of 5 to 30%, by wt. 
 
     
     
       2. The vessel according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the guanidinium salt is selected from guanidinium thiocyanate and guanidinium chloride. 
     
     
       3. The vessel according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the guanidinium salt is present in a concentration of 2.5 to 8.0 M. 
     
     
       4. The vessel according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the buffer substance is selected from Tris, HEPES, MOPS, citrate and phosphate buffer. 
     
     
       5. The vessel according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the detergent is selected from Triton-X-100, NP-40, polydocanol and Tween 20. 
     
     
       6. The vessel according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the reducing agent is selected from dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol and TCEP. 
     
     
       7. The vessel according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the pH of the solution is between 4.0 and 7.5. 
     
     
       8. The vessel according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the solution contains the following components:
 4 m guanidinium thiocyanate; 
 45 mM Tris/HCl; 
 15% (w/v) Triton-X-100; 
 0.8% (w/v) DTT; 
 wherein the PH pH is at 6.0. 
 
     
     
       9. The vessel according to  claim 1 , characterized in that it has a vacuum in the chamber which is provided for receiving blood. 
     
     
       10. The vessel according to  claim 1 , characterized in that it contains withdrawn blood. 
     
     
       11. A method of withdrawing blood, comprising the step of directly introducing the blood into a vessel according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
       12. The method according to  claim 11 , characterized in that an amount of blood is withdrawn that is 0.1 to 4 times the volume of the solution in the vessel. 
     
     
       13. The method according to  claim 12 , characterized in that the concentration of the guanidinium salt after the blood is introduced is between 1.0 M and 5 M. 
     
     
       14. A method for stabilizing and/or isolating nucleic acids from blood, comprising the step of introducing blood into a vessel according to  claim 1  and, optionally, isolating the nucleic acids with conventional methods. 
     
     
       15. The method according to  claim 11 , characterized in that the pH of the resultant mixture of the solution is adjusted such that, following the introduction of the blood, a pH between 4.0 and 7.5 is obtained and blood is between 5.0 and 7.6. 
     
     
       16. The vessel according to  claim 7 , characterized in that the pH of the solution is between 4.0 and 6.5 5.0 and 6.0. 
     
     
       17. The method according to  claim 13 , characterized in that the concentration of the guanidinium salt, after blood is introduced, is between 1.5 and 5 M. 
     
     
       18. A blood withdrawing vessel comprising:
 an evacuated chamber which is provided for receiving blood containing a nucleic acid-stabilizing aqueous solution for stabilizing nucleic acids in the blood directly upon contact with the solution, 
 wherein the solution comprisingcomprises the following components: 
 a guanidinium salt in a concentration of 1 to 8.0 M; 
 a buffer substance in a concentration of 10 to 300 mM; 
 a reducing agent in a concentration of 0.1 to 10%, by wt. 
 
     
     
       19. The vessel according to  claim 18 , characterized in that the guanidinium salt is selected from guanidinium thiocyanate and guanidinium chloride. 
     
     
       20. The vessel according to  claim 19 , characterized in that the guanidinium salt is present at a concentration of 2.5 to 8.0 M. 
     
     
       21. The vessel according to  claim 18 , characterized in that the buffer substance is selected from Tris, HEPES, MOPS, citrate and phosphate buffer. 
     
     
       22. The vessel according to  claim 18 , characterized in that the reducing agent is selected from dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol and TCEP. 
     
     
       23. The vessel according to  claim 18 , characterized in that the pH of the solution is between 4.0 and 7.5. 
     
     
       24. The vessel according to  claim 23 , characterized in that the pH of the solution is between 4.0 5.0 and 6.5. 
     
     
       25. The vessel according to  claim 18 , characterized in that it has a vacuum in the chamber which is provided for receiving blood. 
     
     
       26. The vessel according to  claim 18 , characterized in that it contains withdrawn blood. 
     
     
       27. A method of withdrawing blood, comprising the step of directly introducing the blood into a vessel according to  claim 18 . 
     
     
       28. The method according to  claim 27 , characterized in that an amount of blood is withdrawn that is 0.1 to 4 times the volume of the solution in the vessel. 
     
     
       29. The method according to  claim 28 , characterized in that the final concentration of the guanidinium salt after blood supply is between 1.0 M and 5 M. 
     
     
       30. The method according to  claim 29 , characterized in that the final concentration of the guanidinium salt after blood supply is between 1.5 M and 5 M. 
     
     
       31. The method according to  claim 29 , characterized in that the pH of the resultant mixture of the solution is adjusted such that, following the addition of the sample material, a pH between 4.0 and 7.5 is obtained and blood is between 5.0 and 7.6. 
     
     
       32. A method for stabilizing and/or isolating nucleic acids from blood, comprising the step of introducing blood into a vessel according to  claim 18  and, optionally, isolating the nucleic acids with conventional methods. 
     
     
       33. A stabilized blood sample obtainable by introducing whole blood into a vessel according to  claim 18 . 
     
     
       34. The blood sample according to  claim 33 , characterized in that it has a pH of 4.0 to 7.5 5.0 to 7.6. 
     
     
       35. The blood sample according to  claim 34 , characterized in that it has a pH of 6.6 to 7.0 6.3 to 6.9. 
     
     
       36. The blood sample according to  claim 33 , characterized in that it is derived from human blood. 
     
     
       37. A blood withdrawing vessel comprising
 an evacuated chamber which is provided for receiving blood containing a nucleic acid-stabilizing aqueous solution for stabilizing nucleic acids in the withdrawn blood directly upon contact with the solution, 
 wherein the solution comprisingcomprises the following components: 
 a guanidinium salt in a concentration of 1 to 8.0 M; 
 a buffer substance in a concentration of 10 to 300 mM; 
 a detergent in a concentration of 5 to 30%, by wt. 
 
     
     
       38. The vessel according to  claim 37 , characterized in that the guanidinium salt is selected from guanidinium thiocyanate and guanidinium chloride. 
     
     
       39. The vessel according to  claim 38 , characterized in that the guanidinium salt is present at a concentration of 2.5 to 8.0 M. 
     
     
       40. The vessel according to  claim 37 , characterized in that the detergent is selected from Triton-X-100, NP-40, polydocanol and Tween 20. 
     
     
       41. The vessel according to  claim 37 , characterized in that the buffer substance is selected from Tris, HEPES, MOPS, citrate and phosphate buffer. 
     
     
       42. The vessel according to  claim 37 , characterized in that the further comprising a reducing agent, wherein said reducing agent is a material selected from the group consisting of dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol and TCEP. 
     
     
       43. The vessel according to  claim 37 , characterized in that the pH of the solution is between  4 . 0  and  7 . 5 . 
     
     
       44. The vessel according to  claim 43 , characterized in that the pH of the solution is between 4.0 5.0 and 6.5. 
     
     
       45. The vessel according to  claim 37 , characterized in that it has a vacuum in the chamber which is provided for receiving blood. 
     
     
       46. The vessel according to  claim 37 , characterized in that it contains withdrawn blood. 
     
     
       47. A method of withdrawing blood, comprising the step of directly introducing the blood into a vessel according to  claim 37 . 
     
     
       48. The method according to  claim 47 , characterized in that an amount of blood is withdrawn that is 0.1 to 4 times the volume of the solution in the vessel. 
     
     
       49. The method according to  claim 48 , characterized in that the final concentration of the guanidinium salt after blood supply is between 1.0 M and 5 M. 
     
     
       50. The method according to  claim 48 , characterized in that the final concentration of the guanidinium salt after blood supply is between 1.5 M and 5 M. 
     
     
       51. The method according to claim  37  47, characterized in that the pH of the resultant mixture of solution is adjusted such that, following the addition of the sample material, a pH between 4.0 and 7.5 is obtained and blood is between 5.0 and 7.6. 
     
     
       52. A method for stabilizing and/or isolating nucleic acids from blood, comprising the step of introducing blood into a vessel according to  claim 37  and, optionally, isolating the nucleic acids with conventional methods. 
     
     
       53. A stabilized blood sample obtainable by intro ducing introducing whole blood into a vessel according to  claim 37 . 
     
     
       54. The blood sample according to  claim 53 , characterized in that it has a pH of 4.0 to 7.5 5.0 to 7.6. 
     
     
       55. The blood sample according to  claim 53 , characterized in that it has a pH of 6.6 to 7.0 6.3 to 6.9. 
     
     
       56. The blood sample according to  claim 53 , characterized in that it is derived from human blood. 
     
     
       57. A process for collecting and stabilizing a blood sample, the process comprising:
 providing a vessel comprising an interior, the interior comprising an aqueous solution that comprises a guanidinium salt, a buffer, a reducing agent and a detergent; and   drawing the blood sample from a blood vessel directly into the interior, wherein the aqueous solution causes lysis of cells in the blood and stabilizes nucleic acids in the sample.    
     
     
       58. The process of claim 57, wherein the interior is evacuated and wherein the evacuation is used to draw the blood sample.  
     
     
       59. The process of claim 58, wherein the vessel comprises a tube having an open end sealed by a septum.  
     
     
       60. The process of claim 58, wherein the evacuation is effective for drawing a specific volume of the blood into the interior.  
     
     
       61. The process of claim 57, wherein the guanidinium salt, the buffer, the reducing agent and the detergent are present in amounts effective to provide cell lysis and stabilization of nucleic acids in the sample by inactivation of nucleases.  
     
     
       62. The process of claim 57, wherein the buffer is effective, upon drawing the blood into the interior, to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 5.0 to 7.6.  
     
     
       63. The process of claim 62, wherein the buffer is effective, upon drawing the blood into the interior, to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 6.3 to 6.9.  
     
     
       64. The process of claim 60, wherein the specific volume is about 0.1 to about 4 times the volume of the solution.  
     
     
       65. The process of claim 57, wherein the guanidinium salt is one or more salts selected from the group consisting of guanidinium thiocyanate and guanidinium chloride.  
     
     
       66. The process of claim 57, wherein the buffer is selected from the group consisting of: Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane), HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), MOPS (4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid), MES (4-morpholineethanesufonic acid), citrate and phosphate buffer.  
     
     
       67. The process of claim 57, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of: DTT (dithiothreitol), β-mercaptoethanol and TCEP (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine).  
     
     
       68. The process of claim 57, wherein the detergent is selected from the group consisting of: (polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether), (polyethylene glycol 4-nonylphenyl ether), Polydocanol (dodecyl polyethylene glycol ether) and (polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate).  
     
     
       69. The process of claim 57, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution in the vessel prior to the drawing step is 4.0 to 7.5.  
     
     
       70. The process of claim 69, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution in the vessel prior to the drawing step is 5 to 6.  
     
     
       71. The process of claim 57, wherein the solution comprises a single buffer, a single reducing agent and a single detergent.  
     
     
       72. The process of claim 57, wherein the aqueous solution consists essentially of the guanidinium salt, the buffer, the reducing agent and the detergent.  
     
     
       73. The process of claim 57, further comprising the step of isolating the nucleic acids after the drawing step.  
     
     
       74. The process of claim 73, wherein the isolating step is performed at least 3 days after the drawing step.  
     
     
       75. The process of claim 74, wherein the isolating step is performed at least 6 days after the drawing step.  
     
     
       76. The process of claim 75, wherein the isolating step is performed at least 8 days after the drawing step.  
     
     
       77. A vessel comprising an interior, the interior comprising an aqueous solution that comprises a guanidinium salt, a buffer, a reducing agent and a detergent, wherein the interior is evacuated, and wherein the aqueous solution is capable of lysing blood cells and stabilizing nucleic acids.  
     
     
       78. The vessel of claim 77, wherein the vessel comprises a tube having an open end sealed by a septum.  
     
     
       79. The vessel of claim 77, wherein the evacuation is effective for drawing a specific volume of a fluid sample into the interior.  
     
     
       80. The vessel of claim 77, wherein the guanidinium salt, the buffer, the reducing agent and the detergent are present in amounts effective to provide cell lysis and stabilization of nucleic acids in a fluid sample by inactivation of nucleases.  
     
     
       81. The vessel of claim 79, wherein the buffer is effective, upon mixing with the specific volume of a blood sample, to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 5.0 to 7.6.  
     
     
       82. The vessel of claim 81, wherein the buffer is effective to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 6.3 to 6.9.  
     
     
       83. The vessel of claim 77, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution in the vessel is 4.0 to 7.5.  
     
     
       84. The vessel of claim 83, wherein the pH is 5 to 6.  
     
     
       85. The vessel of claim 79, wherein the specific volume is about 0.1 to about 4 times the volume of the solution.  
     
     
       86. The vessel of claim 77, wherein the guanidinium salt is one or more salts selected from the group consisting of guanidinium thiocyanate and guanidinium chloride.  
     
     
       87. The vessel of claim 77, wherein the buffer is selected from the group consisting of: Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane), HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), MOPS (4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid), MES (4-morpholineethanesufonic acid), citrate and phosphate buffer.  
     
     
       88. The vessel of claim 77, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of: DTT dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol and TCEP (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine).  
     
     
       89. The vessel of claim 77, wherein the detergent is selected from the group consisting of: (polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether), (polyethylene glycol 4-nonylphenyl ether), Polydocanol (dodecyl polyethylene glycol ether) and (polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate).  
     
     
       90. The vessel of claim 77, wherein the solution comprises a single buffer, a single reducing agent and a single detergent.  
     
     
       91. The vessel of claim 77, wherein the aqueous solution consists essentially of the guanidinium salt, the buffer, the reducing agent and the detergent.  
     
     
       92. A process for collecting and stabilizing a blood sample, the process comprising:
 providing a vessel comprising an interior, the interior comprising an aqueous solution that comprises a guanidinium salt, a buffer and a reducing agent; and   drawing the blood sample from a blood vessel directly into the interior, wherein the aqueous solution causes lysis of cells in the blood and stabilizes nucleic acids in the sample.    
     
     
       93. The process of claim 92, wherein the interior is evacuated and wherein the evacuation is used to draw the blood sample.  
     
     
       94. The process of claim 93, wherein the vessel comprises a tube having an open end sealed by a septum.  
     
     
       95. The process of claim 93, wherein the evacuation is effective for drawing a specific volume of the blood into the interior.  
     
     
       96. The process of claim 92, wherein the guanidinium salt, the buffer and the reducing agent are present in amounts effective to provide cell lysis and stabilization of nucleic acids in the sample by inactivation of nucleases.  
     
     
       97. The process of claim 92, wherein the buffer is effective, upon drawing the blood into the interior, to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 5.0 to 7.6.  
     
     
       98. The process of claim 97, wherein the buffer is effective, upon drawing the blood into the interior, to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 6.3 to 6.9.  
     
     
       99. The process of claim 95, wherein the specific volume is about 0.1 to about 4 times the volume of the solution.  
     
     
       100. The process of claim 92, wherein the guanidinium salt is one or more salts selected from the group consisting of guanidinium thiocyanate and guanidinium chloride.  
     
     
       101. The process of claim 92, wherein the buffer is selected from the group consisting of: Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane), HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), MOPS (4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid), MES (4-morpholineethanesufonic acid), citrate and phosphate buffer.  
     
     
       102. The process of claim 92, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of: DTT (dithiothreitol), β-mercaptoethanol and TCEP (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine).  
     
     
       103. The process of claim 92, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution in the vessel prior to the drawing step is 4.0 to 7.5.  
     
     
       104. The process of claim 103, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution in the vessel prior to the drawing step is 5 to 6.  
     
     
       105. The process of claim 92, further comprising the step of engaging the vessel with a blood sampling accessory.  
     
     
       106. The process of claim 92, wherein the solution comprises a single buffer and a single reducing agent.  
     
     
       107. The process of claim 92, wherein the aqueous solution consists essentially of the guanidinium salt, the buffer and the reducing agent.  
     
     
       108. The process of claim 92, further comprising the step of isolating the nucleic acids after the drawing step.  
     
     
       109. The process of claim 108, wherein the isolating step is performed at least 3 days after the drawing step.  
     
     
       110. The process of claim 109, wherein the isolating step is performed at least 6 days after the drawing step.  
     
     
       111. The process of claim 110, wherein the isolating step is performed at least 8 days after the drawing step.  
     
     
       112. A vessel comprising an interior, the interior comprising an aqueous solution that comprises a guanidinium salt, a buffer, and a reducing agent, wherein the interior is evacuated, and wherein the aqueous solution is capable of lysing blood cells and stabilizing nucleic acids.  
     
     
       113. The vessel of claim 112, wherein the vessel comprises a tube having an open end sealed by a septum.  
     
     
       114. The vessel of claim 112, wherein the evacuation is effective for drawing a specific volume of a fluid sample into the interior.  
     
     
       115. The vessel of claim 112 wherein the guanidinium salt, the buffer and the reducing agent are present in amounts effective to provide cell lysis and stabilization of nucleic acids in a fluid sample by inactivation of nucleases.  
     
     
       116. The vessel of claim 114, wherein the buffer is effective, upon mixing with the specific volume of a blood sample, to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 5.0 to 7.6.  
     
     
       117. The vessel of claim 116, wherein the buffer is effective to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 6.3 to 6.9.  
     
     
       118. The vessel of claim 112, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution in the vessel is 4.0 to 7.5.  
     
     
       119. The vessel of claim 118, wherein the pH is 5 to 6.  
     
     
       120. The vessel of claim 114, wherein the specific volume is about 0.1 to about 4 times the volume of the solution.  
     
     
       121. The vessel of claim 112, wherein the guanidinium salt is one or more salts selected from the group consisting of guanidinium thiocyanate and guanidinium chloride.  
     
     
       122. The vessel of claim 112, wherein the buffer is selected from the group consisting of: Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane), HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), MOPS (4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid), MES (4-morpholineethanesufonic acid), citrate and phosphate buffer.  
     
     
       123. The vessel of claim 112, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of: DTT (dithiothreitol), β-mercaptoethanol and TCEP (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine).  
     
     
       124. The vessel of claim 112, wherein the solution comprises a single buffer and a single reducing agent.  
     
     
       125. The vessel of claim 112, wherein the aqueous solution consists essentially of the guanidinium salt, the buffer and the reducing agent.  
     
     
       126. A process for collecting and stabilizing a blood sample, the process comprising:
 providing a vessel comprising an interior, the interior comprising an aqueous solution that comprises a guanidinium salt, a buffer and a detergent; and   drawing the blood sample from a blood vessel directly into the interior, wherein the aqueous solution causes lysis of cells in the blood and stabilizes nucleic acids in the sample.    
     
     
       127. The process of claim 126, wherein the interior is evacuated and wherein the evacuation is used to draw the blood sample.  
     
     
       128. The process of claim 127, wherein the vessel comprises a tube having an open end sealed by a septum.  
     
     
       129. The process of claim 127, wherein the evacuation is effective for drawing a specific volume of the blood into the vessel.  
     
     
       130. The process of claim 126, wherein the guanidinium salt, the buffer and the detergent are present in amounts effective to provide cell lysis and stabilization of nucleic acids in the sample by inactivation of nucleases.  
     
     
       131. The process of claim 126, wherein the buffer is effective, upon drawing the blood into the interior, to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 5.0 to 7.6.  
     
     
       132. The process of claim 131, wherein the buffer is effective, upon drawing the blood into the interior, to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 6.3 to 6.9.  
     
     
       133. The process of claim 129, wherein the specific volume is about 0.1 to about 4 times the volume of the solution.  
     
     
       134. The process of claim 126, wherein the guanidinium salt is one or more salts selected from the group consisting of guanidinium thiocyanate and guanidinium chloride.  
     
     
       135. The process of claim 126, wherein the buffer is selected from the group consisting of: Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane), HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), MOPS (4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid), MES (4-morpholineethanesufonic acid), citrate and phosphate buffer.  
     
     
       136. The process of claim 126, wherein the one detergent is selected from the group consisting of: (polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether), (polyethylene glycol 4-nonylphenyl ether), Polydocanol (dodecyl polyethylene glycol ether) and (polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate).  
     
     
       137. The process of claim 126, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution in the vessel prior to the drawing step is 4.0 to 7.5.  
     
     
       138. The process of claim 137 wherein the pH of the aqueous solution in the vessel prior to the drawing step is 5 to 6.  
     
     
       139. The process of claim 126, wherein the solution comprises a single buffer and a single detergent.  
     
     
       140. The process of claim 126, wherein the aqueous solution consists essentially of the guanidinium salt, the buffer and the detergent.  
     
     
       141. The process of claim 126, further comprising the step of isolating the nucleic acids after the drawing step.  
     
     
       142. The process of claim 141, wherein the isolating step is performed at least 3 days after the drawing step.  
     
     
       143. The process of claim 142, wherein the isolating step is performed at least 6 days after the drawing step.  
     
     
       144. The process of claim 143, wherein the isolating step is performed at least 8 days after the drawing step.  
     
     
       145. A vessel comprising an interior, the interior comprising an aqueous solution that comprises a guanidinium salt, a buffer and a detergent, wherein the interior is evacuated, and wherein the aqueous solution is capable of lysing blood cells and stabilizing nucleic acids.  
     
     
       146. The vessel of claim 145, wherein the vessel comprises a tube having an open end sealed by a septum.  
     
     
       147. The vessel of claim 145, wherein the evacuation is effective for drawing a specific volume of a fluid sample into the interior.  
     
     
       148. The vessel of claim 145, wherein the guanidinium salt, the buffer and the detergent are present in amounts effective to provide cell lysis and stabilization of nucleic acids in a fluid sample by inactivation of nucleases.  
     
     
       149. The vessel of claim 147, wherein the buffer is effective, upon mixing with the specific volume of a blood sample, to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 5.0 to 7.6.  
     
     
       150. The vessel of claim 149, wherein the buffer is effective to provide the resultant mixture with a pH of 6.3 to 6.9.  
     
     
       151. The vessel of claim 145, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution in the vessel is 4.0 to 7.5.  
     
     
       152. The vessel of claim 151, wherein the pH is 5 to 6.  
     
     
       153. The vessel of claim 147, wherein the specific volume is about 0.1 to about 4 times the volume of the solution.  
     
     
       154. The vessel of claim 145, wherein the guanidinium salt is one or more salts selected from the group consisting of guanidinium thiocyanate and guanidinium chloride.  
     
     
       155. The vessel of claim 145, wherein the buffer is selected from the group consisting of: Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane), HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), MOPS (4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid), MES (4-morpholineethanesufonic acid), citrate and phosphate buffer.  
     
     
       156. The vessel of claim 145, wherein the detergent is selected from the group consisting of: (polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether), (polyethylene glycol 4-nonylphenyl ether), Polydocanol (dodecyl polyethylene glycol ether) and (polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate).  
     
     
       157. The vessel of claim 145, wherein the solution comprises a single buffer and a single detergent.  
     
     
       158. The vessel of claim 145, wherein the aqueous solution consists essentially of the guanidinium salt, the buffer and the detergent.

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