Computer system and method for determining a travel scheme minimizing travel costs for an organization

Abstract

A computer system and a method is disclosed for determining a travel scheme minimizing which minimizes travel costs for an organization, where the organization expects to purchase travel trips for a plurality of travelers for a plurality of travel links. Each travel link comprises a travel origin and a travel destination, and is served by at least one of the carriers. The system comprises a data input device for receiving travel information relating to the carriers and the links, a data storage device for storing the travel information received by the data input device, a processor, and a data output device. From the travel information, the system constructs an objective function representing a travel cost to the organization to purchase travel trips for the plurality of travelers for the plurality of predetermined links, and a set of constraints comprising restrictions relating to the objective function. The constraints are applied to the objective function to determine a solution of the objective function that satisfies the constraints and that minimizes the travel costs of the organization, and a data output device then generates a report representative of the solution. The travel information comprises travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link, demand and supply information pertaining to a projected demand for each link and a projected supply for each carrier, and carrier goal information pertaining to any predetermined goal the organization may have with respect to any of the carriers.

1. In a computer system having a data input device, a data storage device, and a processor, a method for determining a travel scheme for minimizing travel costs for an organization, where the organization expects to purchase travel trips for a plurality of travelers for a plurality of predetermined travel links, each travel link comprising a travel origin and a travel destination, each travel link being served by at least one of a plurality of travel carriers, the method comprising the steps of:
 obtaining travel information relating to the carriers and the links via the data input device;  
 storing the travel information via the data storage device;  
 constructing an objective function from the travel information via the processor, the objective function representing a travel cost to the organization to purchase travel trips for the plurality of travelers for the plurality of predetermined links;  
 constructing a set of constraints from the travel information via the processor, the constraints comprising restrictions relating to the objective function;  
 applying the constraints to the objective function via the processor to determine a solution of the objective function that satisfies the constraints and that minimizes the travel costs of the organization; and  
 applying the solution as the travel scheme for minimizing travel costs by purchasing travel trips in accordance with the solution; and  
   generating output report data representative of the solution .  
 
     
     
       2. The computer system of  claim 1  wherein the obtaining travel information step comprises the steps of:
 obtaining travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link;  
 obtaining demand and supply information pertaining to a projected demand for each link and a projected supply for each carrier; and  
 obtaining carrier goal information pertaining to any predetermined goal the organization has with respect to any of the carriers.  
 
     
     
       3. The computer system of  claim 2  wherein the processor determines from the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link a weighted value representing an actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier. 
     
     
       4. The computer system of  claim 3  wherein the objective function comprises the sum of a travel cost for each link, the travel cost for each link comprising the sum of a travel cost for each carrier serving the link, the travel cost for each carrier serving the link comprising the weighted value representing the actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier multiplied by a variable representing a number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for the link. 
     
     
       5. The computer system of  claim 4  wherein the solution comprises a solution value for each variable. 
     
     
       6. The computer system of  claim 5  wherein the processor determines lower and upper limits for each constraint, each constraint being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       7. The computer system of  claim 5  wherein the processor determines lower and upper limits for each solution value, each solution value being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       8. The computer system of  claim 4  wherein the constraints are derived from the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information, the constraints comprising link demand constraints, carrier supply constraints, and carrier goal constraints, the link demand constraints requiring that for each link the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from all carriers for the link be equal to the projected demand for the link, each carrier supply constraint requiring that for a particular carrier the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for all links be in a predetermined range, each carrier goal constraint requiring that the goal the organization has with respect to a particular carrier be accomplished. 
     
     
       9. The computer system of  claim 2  wherein the processor determines the obtained information in the form of a table. 
     
     
       10. The computer system of  claim 9  wherein the processor organizes organizing each of the plurality of links in a first direction on the table and each of the plurality of carriers in a second direction on the table, each carrier serving each link being designated by a cell on the table having information pertaining to the carrier serving the link. 
     
     
       11. The computer system of  claim 10  wherein the processor organizes the link demand information according to each link and the carrier supply information and carrier goal information according to each carrier. 
     
     
       12. The computer system of  claim 11  wherein the processor employs linear programming to apply the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       13. The computer system of  claim 12  wherein the processor organizes the solution in the form of a table corresponding to the table of the obtained information. 
     
     
       14. The computer system of  claim 2  wherein the obtaining travel cost information step comprises acquiring current travel data from a computerized reservation system. 
     
     
       15. The computer system of  claim 2  wherein the obtaining travel cost information step comprises acquiring previously generated historical travel data from a historical travel data file. 
     
     
       16. The computer system of  claim 2  wherein the obtaining demand and supply information and obtaining carrier goal information steps comprise acquiring the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information for the organization from a previously generated organization discount program data file. 
     
     
       17. The computer system of  claim 1  wherein the processor employs linear programming to apply the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       18. A method for determining a travel scheme for minimizing travel costs for an organization, where the organization expects to purchase travel trips for a plurality of travelers for a plurality of predetermined travel links, each travel link comprising a travel origin and a travel destination, each travel link being served by at least one of a plurality of travel carriers, the method comprising the steps of:
 obtaining travel information relating to the carriers and the links;  
 constructing an objective function from the travel information, the objective function representing a travel cost to the organization to purchase travel trips for the plurality of travelers for the plurality of predetermined links;  
 constructing a set of constraints from the travel information, the constraints comprising restrictions relating to the objective function;  
 applying the constraints to the objective function to determine a solution of the objective function that satisfies the constraints and that minimizes the travel costs of the organization; and  
 applying the solution as the travel scheme for minimizing travel costs by purchasing travel trips in accordance with the solution; and,  
   generating output report data representative of the solution .  
 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 18  wherein the obtaining travel information step comprises the steps of:
 obtaining travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link;  
 obtaining demand and-supply information pertaining to a projected demand for each link and a projected supply for each carrier; and  
 obtaining carrier goal information pertaining to any predetermined goal the organization has with respect to any of the carriers.  
 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 19  further comprising the step of determining from the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link a weighted value representing an actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier. 
     
     
       21. The method of  claim 20  wherein the objective function comprises the sum of a travel cost for each link, the travel cost for each link comprising the sum of a travel cost for each carrier serving the link, the travel cost for each carrier serving the link comprising the weighted value representing the actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier multiplied by a variable representing a number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for the link. 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 21  wherein the solution comprises a solution value for each variable. 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 22  further comprising the step of determining lower and upper limits for each constraint, each constraint being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       24. The method of  claim 22  further comprising the step of determining lower and upper limits for each solution value, each solution value being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       25. The method of  claim 21  wherein the constraints are derived from the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information, the constraints comprising link demand constraints, carrier supply constraints, and carrier goal constraints, the link demand constraints requiring that for each link the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from all carriers for the link be equal to the projected demand for the link, each carrier supply constraint requiring that for a particular carrier the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for all links be in a predetermined range, each carrier goal constraint requiring that the goal the organization has with respect to a particular carrier be accomplished. 
     
     
       26. The method of  claim 19  further comprising the step of organizing the obtained information in the form of a table. 
     
     
       27. The method of  claim 26  wherein the organizing step comprises organizing each of the plurality of links in a first direction on the table and each of the plurality of carriers in a second direction on the table, each carrier serving each link being designated by a cell on the table having information pertaining to the carrier serving the link. 
     
     
       28. The method of  claim 27  wherein the organizing step further comprises organizing the link demand information according to each link and the carrier supply information and the carrier goal information according to each carrier. 
     
     
       29. The method of  claim 28  further comprising the step of employing linear programming to apply the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       30. The method of  claim 29  further comprising the step of organizing the solution in the form of a table corresponding to the table of the obtained information. 
     
     
       31. The method of  claim 19  wherein the obtaining travel cost information step comprises acquiring current travel data from a computerized reservation system. 
     
     
       32. The method of  claim 19  wherein the obtaining travel cost information step comprises acquiring previously generated historical travel data from a historical travel data file. 
     
     
       33. The method of  claim 19  wherein the obtaining demand and supply information and obtaining carrier goal information steps comprise acquiring the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information for the organization from a previously generated organization discount program data file. 
     
     
       34. The method of  claim 18  further comprising the step of employing linear programming to apply the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       35. A computer system for determining a travel scheme for minimizing travel costs for an organization, where the organization expects to purchase travel trips for a plurality of travelers for a plurality of predetermined travel links, each travel link comprising a travel origin and a travel destination, each travel link being served by at least one of a plurality of travel carriers, the system comprising:
 a data input device for receiving travel information relating to the carriers and the links;  
 a data storage device for storing the travel information received by the data input device;  
 a programmed processor for constructing an objective function from the travel information, the objective function representing a travel cost to the organization to purchase travel trips for the plurality of travelers for the plurality of predetermined links; and  
 a programmed processor for constructing a set of constraints from the travel information, the constraints comprising restrictions relating to the objective function;  
 the processor for applying the constraints to the objective function to determine a solution of the objective function that satisfies the constraints and that minimizes the travel costs the organization;  
 the solution for being applied as the travel scheme for minimizing travel costs by purchasing travel trips in accordance with the solution, and generating output report data representative of the solution.  
 
     
     
       36. The computer system of  claim 35  wherein the travel information comprises travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link, demand and supply information pertaining to a projected demand for each link and a projected supply for each carrier, and carrier goal information pertaining to any predetermined goal the organization has with respect to any of the carriers. 
     
     
       37. The computer system of  claim 36  wherein the processor determines from the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link a weighted value representing an actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier. 
     
     
       38. The computer system of  claim 37  wherein the objective function comprises the sum of a travel cost for each link, the travel cost for each link comprising the sum of a travel cost for each carrier serving the link, the travel cost for each carrier serving the link comprising the weighted value representing the actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier multiplied by a variable representing a number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for the link. 
     
     
       39. The computer system of  claim 38  wherein the solution comprises a solution value for each variable. 
     
     
       40. The computer system of  claim 39  wherein lower and upper limits for each constraint are determined by the processor, each constraint being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       41. The computer system of  claim 39  wherein lower and upper limits for each solution value are determined by the processor, each solution value being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       42. The computer system of  claim 38  wherein the constraints are derived from the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information, the constraints comprising link demand constraints, carrier supply constraints, and carrier goal constraints, the link demand constraints requiring that for each link the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from all carriers for the link be equal to the projected demand for the link, each carrier supply constraint requiring that for a particular carrier the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for all links be in a predetermined range, each carrier goal constraint requiring that the goal the organization has with respect to a particular carrier be accomplished. 
     
     
       43. The computer system of  claim 42  wherein the goal constraint comprises a predetermined discount from a particular carrier only if the carrier receives a minimum predetermined amount of business from the organization. 
     
     
       44. The computer system of  claim 36  wherein the information retrieved by the processor is organized in the form of a table. 
     
     
       45. The computer system of  claim 44  wherein the table is organized with each of the plurality of links laid out in a first direction and each of the plurality of carriers laid out in a second direction, each carrier serving each link being designated by a cell having information pertaining to the carrier serving the link. 
     
     
       46. The computer system of  claim 45  wherein the link demand information is organized according to each link and wherein the carrier supply information and the carrier goal information is organized according to each carrier. 
     
     
       47. The computer system of  claim 46  further comprising software for extracting information from the table to construct the objective function and the set of constraints and linear programming software for applying the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       48. The computer system of  claim 47  wherein the solution is organized in the form of a table corresponding to the table of the obtained information. 
     
     
       49. The computer system of  claim 36  further comprising a means for acquiring travel data from a computerized reservation system, wherein the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link is compiled at least in part from the travel data. 
     
     
       50. The computer system of  claim 36  further comprising a generated historical travel data file having historical travel data, wherein the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link is compiled at least in part from the historical travel data. 
     
     
       51. The computer system of  claim 36  further comprising a generated organization discount program data file having the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information for the organization. 
     
     
       52. The computer system of  claim 36  wherein the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link includes a member of the group selected from an expected fare the carrier charges for traveling the link, any discounts the carrier provides to the organization, any added costs in connection with traveling the link using the carrier, any benefits received in connection with traveling the link using the carrier, the number of non-stop voyages available, the number of connecting voyages available, any expected transfer delays, the percentage of total voyages the carrier provides for the link, and a combination thereof. 
     
     
       53. The computer system of  claim 35  further comprising software executed on the processor for extracting information from the table to construct the objective function and the set of constraints and linear programming software for applying the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       54. A method for determining an optimum travel scheme for minimizing travel costs for an organization traveling a plurality of travel links being served by a plurality of travel carriers by selectively allocating travel trips on each link to the carriers serving the link, comprising the steps of:
 (a) determining travel information representative of the links and the carriers serving the links;  
 (b) determining constraints on allocating the trips to the carriers;  
 (c) prospectively allocating the trips among the carriers in accordance with the travel information and the constraints to provide a travel scheme;  
 (d) determining a cost of the travel scheme of step (c);  
 (e) ascertaining whether any of the travel information or constraints have changed;  
 (f) if  when any of the travel information or constraints have changed, then repeating steps (c), (d), and (e) until the optimum travel scheme minimizing the travel costs in accordance with the travel information and the constraints is determined; and  
 (g) applying the optimum travel scheme to minimize travel costs by purchasing travel trips in accordance with such optimum travel scheme; and,  
 ( h )  generating output report data representative of the optimum travel scheme .  
 
     
     
       55. The method of  claim 54  wherein the determining travel information step comprises the steps of:
 obtaining travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link;  
 obtaining demand and supply information pertaining to a projected demand for each link and a projected supply for each carrier; and  
 obtaining carrier goal information pertaining to any predetermined goal the organization has with respect to any of the carriers.  
 
     
     
       56. The method of  claim 55  further comprising the step of determining from the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link a weighted value representing an actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier. 
     
     
       57. The method of  claim 56  wherein the cost of the travel scheme comprises a function representing the sum of a travel cost for each link, the travel cost for each link comprising the sum of a travel cost for each carrier serving the link, the travel cost for each carrier serving the link comprising the weighted value representing the actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier multiplied by a variable representing a number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for the link. 
     
     
       58. The method of  claim 57  wherein the optimum travel scheme comprises a solution value for each variable. 
     
     
       59. The method of  claim 58  further comprising the step of determining lower and upper limits for each constraint, each constraint being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the optimum travel scheme. 
     
     
       60. The method of  claim 58  further comprising the step of determining lower and upper limits for each solution value, each solution value being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the optimum travel scheme. 
     
     
       61. The method of  claim 57  wherein the constraints are derived from the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information, the constraints comprising link demand constraints, carrier supply constraints, and carrier goal constraints, the link demand constraints requiring that for each link the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from all carriers for the link be equal to the projected demand for the link, each carrier supply constraint requiring that for a particular carrier the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for all links be in a predetermined range, each carrier goal constraint requiring that the goal the organization has with respect to a particular carrier be accomplished. 
     
     
       62. The method of  claim 55  further comprising the step of organizing the obtained information in the form of a table. 
     
     
       63. The method of  claim 62  wherein the organizing step comprises organizing each of the plurality of links in a first direction on the table and each of the plurality of carriers in a second direction on the table, each carrier serving each link being designated by a cell on the table having information pertaining to the carrier serving the link. 
     
     
       64. The method of  claim 63  wherein the organizing step further comprises organizing the link demand information according to each link and the carrier supply information and the carrier goal information according to each carrier. 
     
     
       65. The method of  claim 64  further comprising the step of employing linear programming to apply the constraints to a function representing the cost of the travel scheme to determine the optimum travel scheme. 
     
     
       66. The method of  claim 65  further comprising the step of organizing the optimum travel scheme in the form of a table corresponding to the table of the obtained information. 
     
     
       67. The method of  claim 55  wherein the obtaining travel cost information step comprises acquiring current travel data from a computerized reservation system 
     
     
       68. The method of  claim 55  wherein the obtaining travel cost information step comprises acquiring previously generated historical travel data from a historical travel data file. 
     
     
       69. The method of  claim 55  wherein the obtaining demand and supply information and obtaining carrier goal information steps comprise acquiring the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information for the organization from a previously generated organization discount program data file. 
     
     
       70. The method of  claim 54  further comprising the step of employing linear programming to determine a solution. 
     
     
       71. In a computer system having a data input device, a data storage device, and a processor, a method for determining a travel scheme for minimizing travel costs for an organization, where the organization expects to purchase travel trips for a plurality of travelers for a plurality of predetermined travel links, each travel link comprising a travel origin and a travel destination, each travel link being served by at least one of a plurality of travel carriers, the method comprising:
   obtaining travel information relating to the carriers and the links via the data input device;        constructing an objective function from the travel information, the objective function representing a travel cost to purchase travel trips for the plurality of travelers for the plurality of predetermined links;        constructing a set of constraints from the travel information via the processor, the constraints comprising restrictions relating to the objective function;        applying the constraints to the objective function to determine a solution of the objective function that satisfies the constraints and that minimizes the travel costs;        applying the solution as the travel scheme for minimizing travel costs by purchasing travel trips in accordance with the solution; and        generating output report data representative of the solution.     
     
     
       72. The computer system of  claim 71  wherein the obtaining travel information step comprises the steps of:
   obtaining travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link;        obtaining demand and supply information pertaining to a projected demand for each link and a projected supply for each carrier; and        obtaining carrier goal information pertaining to any predetermined goal the organization has with respect to any of the carriers.     
     
     
       73. The computer system of  claim 72  wherein the processor determines from the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link a weighted value representing an actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier. 
     
     
       74. The computer system of  claim 73  wherein the objective function comprises the sum of a travel cost for each link, the travel cost for each link comprising the sum of a travel cost for each carrier serving the link, the travel cost for each carrier serving the link comprising the weighted value representing the actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier multiplied by a variable representing a number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for the link. 
     
     
       75. The computer system of  claim 74  wherein the solution comprises a solution value for each variable. 
     
     
       76. The computer system of  claim 75  wherein the processor determines lower and upper limits for each constraint, each constraint being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       77. The computer system of  claim 75  wherein the processor determines lower and upper limits for each solution value, each solution value being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       78. The computer system of  claim 74  wherein the constraints are derived from the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information, the constraints comprising link demand constraints, carrier supply constraints, and carrier goal constraints, the link demand constraints requiring that for each link the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from all carriers for the link be equal to the projected demand for the link, each carrier supply constraint requiring that for a particular carrier the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for all links be in a predetermined range, each carrier goal constraint requiring that the goal the organization has with respect to a particular carrier be accomplished. 
     
     
       79. The computer system of  claim 72  wherein the processor determines the obtained information in the form of a table. 
     
     
       80. The computer system of  claim 79  wherein the processor organizes organizing each of the plurality of links in a first direction on the table and each of the plurality of carriers in a second direction on the table, each carrier serving each link being designated by a cell on the table having information pertaining to the carrier serving the link. 
     
     
       81. The computer system of  claim 80  wherein the processor organizes the link demand information according to each link and the carrier supply information and carrier goal information according to each carrier. 
     
     
       82. The computer system of  claim 81  wherein the processor employs linear programming to apply the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       83. The computer system of  claim 82  wherein the processor organizes the solution in the form of a table corresponding to the table of the obtained information. 
     
     
       84. The computer system of  claim 72  wherein the obtaining travel cost information step comprises acquiring current travel data from a computerized reservation system. 
     
     
       85. The computer system of  claim 72  wherein the obtaining travel cost information step comprises acquiring previously generated historical travel data from a historical travel data file. 
     
     
       86. The computer system of  claim 72  wherein the obtaining demand and supply information and obtaining carrier goal information steps comprise acquiring the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information for the organization from a previously generated organization discount program data file. 
     
     
       87. The computer system of  claim 71  wherein the processor employs linear programming to apply the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       88. A method for determining a travel scheme for minimizing travel costs for a plurality of travelers for a plurality of predetermined travel links, each travel link comprising a travel origin and a travel destination, each travel link being served by at least one of a plurality of travel carriers, the method comprising:
   constructing, by a computer, an objective function from travel information, wherein the travel information relates to the carriers and the links, and wherein the objective function represents a travel cost to purchase travel trips for the plurality of travelers for the plurality of predetermined links;        constructing, by the computer, a set of constraints from the travel information, the constraints comprising restrictions relating to the objective function;        applying, by the computer, the constraints to the objective function to determine a solution of the objective function that satisfies the constraints and that minimizes the travel costs;        applying, by the computer, the solution as the travel scheme for minimizing travel costs by purchasing travel trips in accordance with the solution;        generating, by the computer, a report representative of the solution.     
     
     
       89. The method of  claim 88  further comprising obtaining the travel information by obtaining travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link, obtaining demand and supply information pertaining to a projected demand for each link and a projected supply for each carrier and obtaining carrier goal information pertaining to any predetermined goal an organization has with respect to any of the carriers. 
     
     
       90. The method of  claim 89  further comprising the step of determining from the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link a weighted value representing an actual cost to an organization for traveling the link using the carrier. 
     
     
       91. The method of  claim 90  wherein the objective function comprises the sum of a travel cost for each link, the travel cost for each link comprising the sum of a travel cost for each carrier serving the link, the travel cost for each carrier serving the link comprising the weighted value representing the actual cost to an organization for traveling the link using the carrier multiplied by a variable representing a number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for the link. 
     
     
       92. The method of  claim 91  wherein the solution comprises a solution value for each variable. 
     
     
       93. The method of  claim 92  further comprising the step of determining lower and upper limits for each constraint, each constraint being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       94. The method of  claim 92  further comprising the step of determining lower and upper limits for each solution value, each solution value being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       95. The method of  claim 91  wherein the constraints are derived from the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information, the constraints comprising link demand constraints, carrier supply constraints, and carrier goal constraints, the link demand constraints requiring that for each link the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from all carriers for the link be equal to the projected demand for the link, each carrier supply constraint requiring that for a particular carrier the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for all links be in a predetermined range, each carrier goal constraint requiring that the goal an organization has with respect to a particular carrier be accomplished. 
     
     
       96. The method of  claim 89  further comprising the step of organizing the obtained information in the form of a table. 
     
     
       97. The method of  claim 96  wherein the organizing step comprises organizing each of the plurality of links in a first direction on the table and each of the plurality of carriers in a second direction on the table, each carrier serving each link being designated by a cell on the table having information pertaining to the carrier serving the link. 
     
     
       98. The method of  claim 97  wherein the organizing step further comprises organizing the link demand information according to each link and the carrier supply information and the carrier goal information according to each carrier. 
     
     
       99. The method of  claim 98  further comprising the step of employing linear programming to apply the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       100. The method of  claim 99  further comprising the step of organizing the solution in the form of a table corresponding to the table of the obtained information. 
     
     
       101. The method of  claim 89  wherein the obtaining travel cost information step comprises acquiring current travel data from a computerized reservation system. 
     
     
       102. The method of  claim 89  wherein the obtaining travel cost information step comprises acquiring previously generated historical travel data from a historical travel data file. 
     
     
       103. The method of  claim 89  wherein the obtaining demand and supply information and obtaining carrier goal information steps comprise acquiring the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information for an organization from a previously generated organization discount program data file. 
     
     
       104. The method of  claim 88  further comprising the step of employing linear programming to apply the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       105. A computer system for determining a travel scheme for minimizing travel costs for an organization, where the organization expects to purchase travel trips for a plurality of travelers for a plurality of predetermined travel links, each travel link comprising a travel origin and a travel destination, each travel link being served by at least one of a plurality of travel carriers, the system comprising:
   a data input device for receiving travel information relating to the carriers and the links        a data storage device for storing the travel information received by the data input device;        a programmed processor for constructing an objective function from the travel information, the objective function representing a travel cost to the organization to purchase travel trips for the plurality of travelers for the plurality of predetermined links;        a programmed processor for constructing a set of constraints from the travel information, the constraints comprising restrictions relating to the objective function;        a processor for applying the constraints to the objective function to determine a solution of the objective function that satisfies the constraints and that minimizes the travel costs the organization;        a programmed processor for applying the solution as the travel scheme for minimizing travel costs by purchasing travel trips in accordance with the solution; and        a data output device for applying the solution to generate a report representative of the solution.     
     
     
       106. The computer system of  claim 105  wherein the travel information comprises travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link, demand and supply information pertaining to a projected demand for each link and a projected supply for each carrier, and carrier goal information pertaining to any predetermined goal the organization has with respect to any of the carriers. 
     
     
       107. The computer system of  claim 106  wherein the processor determines from the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link a weighted value representing an actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier. 
     
     
       108. The computer system of  claim 107  wherein the objective function comprises the sum of a travel cost for each link, the travel cost for each link comprising the sum of a travel cost for each carrier serving the link, the travel cost for each carrier serving the link comprising the weighted value representing the actual cost to the organization for traveling the link using the carrier multiplied by a variable representing a number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for the link. 
     
     
       109. The computer system of  claim 108  wherein the solution comprises a solution value for each variable. 
     
     
       110. The computer system of  claim 109  wherein lower and upper limits for each constraint are determined by the processor, each constraint being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       111. The computer system of  claim 109  wherein lower and upper limits for each solution value are determined by the processor, each solution value being adjustable between the limits while maintaining the determined solution. 
     
     
       112. The computer system of  claim 108  wherein the constraints are derived from the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information, the constraints comprising link demand constraints, carrier supply constraints, and carrier goal constraints, the link demand constraints requiring that for each link the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from all carriers for the link be equal to the projected demand for the link, each carrier supply constraint requiring that for a particular carrier the sum of the variables representing the number of trips to be purchased from the carrier for all links be in a predetermined range, each carrier goal constraint requiring that the goal the organization has with respect to a particular carrier be accomplished. 
     
     
       113. The computer system of  claim 112  wherein the goal constraint comprises a predetermined discount from a particular carrier only if the carrier receives a minimum predetermined amount of business from the organization. 
     
     
       114. The computer system of  claim 106  wherein the information retrieved by the processor is organized in the form of a table. 
     
     
       115. The computer system of  claim 114  wherein the table is organized with each of the plurality of links laid out in a first direction and each of the plurality of carriers laid out in a second direction, each carrier serving each link being designated by a cell having information pertaining to the carrier serving the link. 
     
     
       116. The computer system of  claim 115  wherein the link demand information is organized according to each link and wherein the carrier supply information and the carrier goal information is organized according to each carrier. 
     
     
       117. The computer system of  claim 116  further comprising software for extracting information from the table to construct the objective function and the set of constraints and linear programming software for applying the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       118. The computer system of  claim 117  wherein the solution is organized in the form of a table corresponding to the table of the obtained information. 
     
     
       119. The computer system of  claim 106  further comprising a means for acquiring travel data from a computerized reservation system, wherein the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link is compiled at least in part from the travel data. 
     
     
       120. The computer system of  claim 106  further comprising a generated historical travel data file having historical travel data, wherein the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link is compiled at least in part from the historical travel data. 
     
     
       121. The computer system of  claim 106  further comprising a generated organization discount program data file having the demand and supply information and the carrier goal information for the organization. 
     
     
       122. The computer system of  claim 106  wherein the travel cost information for each link for each carrier serving the link includes a member of the group selected from an expected fare the carrier charges for traveling the link, any discounts the carrier provides to the organization, any added costs in connection with traveling the link using the carrier, any benefits received in connection with traveling the link using the carrier, the number of non- stop voyages available, the number of connecting voyages available, any expected transfer delays, the percentage of total voyages the carrier provides for the link, and a combination thereof.   
     
     
       123. The computer system of  claim 105  further comprising software executed on the processor for extracting information from the table to construct the objective function and the set of constraints and linear programming software for applying the constraints to the objective function to determine the solution. 
     
     
       124. An article of manufacture for use in a computer system having a data input device, a data storage device, and a processor, the article of manufacture comprising a computer readable medium holding computer executable instructions for performing a method for determining a travel scheme for minimizing travel costs for an organization, where the organization expects to purchase travel trips for a plurality of travelers for a plurality of predetermined travel links, each travel link comprising a travel origin and a travel destination, each travel link being served by at least one of a plurality of travel carriers, the method comprising the steps of:
   obtaining travel information relating to the carriers and the links via the data input device;        storing the travel information via the data storage device;        constructing an objective function from the travel information via the processor, the objective function representing a travel cost to the organization to purchase travel trips for the plurality of travelers for the plurality of predetermined links;        constructing a set of constraints from the travel information via the processor, the constraints comprising restrictions relating to the objective function;        applying the constraints to the objective function via the processor to determine a solution of the objective function that satisfies the constraints and that minimizes the travel costs of the organization; and        applying the solution as the travel scheme for minimizing travel costs by purchasing travel trips in accordance with the solution and for generating a report representative of the solution.     
     
     
       125. An article of manufacture for determining a travel scheme for minimizing travel costs for an organization, where the organization expects to purchase travel trips for a plurality of travelers for a plurality of predetermined travel links, each travel link comprising a travel origin and a travel destination, each travel link being served by at least one of a plurality of travel carriers, the article of manufacture comprising a computer- readable medium holding computer - executable instructions for performing a method comprising the steps of:      obtaining travel information relating to the carriers and the links;        constructing an objective function from the travel information, the objective function representing a travel cost to the organization to purchase travel trips for the plurality of travelers for the plurality of predetermined links;        constructing a set of constraints from the travel information, the constraints comprising restrictions relating to the objective function;        applying the constraints to the objective function to determine a solution of the objective function that satisfies the constraints and that minimizes the travel costs of the organization; and        applying the solution as the travel scheme for minimizing travel costs by purchasing travel trips in accordance with the solution and for generating a report representative of the solution.