Adjustable optical attenuator

Abstract

An optical attenuator for attenuating a collimated beam of light propagating along an optical path while preserving the composition of polarization of the collimated beam of light is disclosed. The optical attenuator comprises a beam attenuator for attenuating a portion of the collimated beam of light when a portion of the beam attenuator is disposed within the optical path. The beam attenuator has a cross section along a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the collimated beam of light of the portion of the attenuator in the shape of a wedge. The attenuation is varied using a controller for moving the beam attenuator in order to vary a size of the portion of the wedge within the optical path.

1. A method of attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section comprising the step of disposing a member having a substantially opaque beam attenuating portion within the beam of light, the intersection of the beam attenuating portion of the member and the beam of light defining a beam region that is smaller than the beam of the light and having two substantially equal sides defining an angle therebetween of other than 0 degrees and 180 degrees, the two sides having a central line of symmetry coincident with a line of symmetry through the centre of the circle, the angle moving along the line of symmetry. 
     
     
       2. A method of attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 1 , wherein a portion of the outer circumference of the beam intersects the member, the portion being less than 360 degrees. 
     
     
       3. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section, the optical attenuator comprising:
 a beam attenuator which is at least partially light blocking for attenuating a portion of the beam of light when a portion of the beam attenuator is disposed within the beam of light, the beam attenuator being disposed within the beam of light such that the intersection of the beam attenuator and the beam of light defining a beam region that is smaller than the beam of the light and having two substantially equal sides having an angle other than 0 degrees and 180 degrees therebetween, the two sides having a central line of symmetry coincident with a line of symmetry through the centre of the circle, the angle moving along the line of symmetry; and,  
 a controller for moving the beam attenuator in order to vary a size of the portion of the beam attenuator within the beam of light.  
 
     
     
       4. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , wherein the beam attenuator comprises a cylindrical shaft having a cone at a first end thereof. 
     
     
       5. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 4 , wherein the beam attenuator includes a thread at a second end thereof and the controller mates with the threading for causing the beam attenuator to advance or retract in a substantially linear direction. 
     
     
       6. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , wherein the beam attenuator comprises a portion of a member, the portion for substantially attenuating light. 
     
     
       7. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 6 , wherein the beam attenuator comprises an opaque cone disposed within a transparent substrate. 
     
     
       8. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , wherein the two substantially equal sides define an angle of 90 degrees. 
     
     
       9. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , wherein the beam attenuator for attenuating a portion of the beam of light comprises a wedge shaped edge. 
     
     
       10. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , wherein the beam attenuator for attenuating a portion of the beam of light comprises a wedge shaped body of light absorbing material. 
     
     
       11. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , wherein the beam attenuator for attenuating a portion of the beam of light comprises an edge having a wedge shaped opening. 
     
     
       12. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , wherein the beam attenuator for attenuating a portion of the beam of light comprises a body of light absorbing material having a wedge shaped opening. 
     
     
       13. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , wherein the beam attenuator for attenuating a portion of the beam of light comprises two sheets of opaque material defining an angle therebetween, the two sheets being moved in opposing directions such that the angle moves along the line of symmetry. 
     
     
       14. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , wherein the beam attenuator for attenuating a portion of the beam of light further comprises a layer of light absorbing material. 
     
     
       15. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , further comprising an input lens. 
     
     
       16. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , further comprising an output lens. 
     
     
       17. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 16 , wherein the output lens comprises a GRIN lens. 
     
     
       18. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , comprising a reflective surface for reflecting the beam of light incident thereon back along the optical path in an opposite direction. 
     
     
       19. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 18 , wherein the reflective surface comprises a mirror. 
     
     
       20. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light having a circular cross-section as defined in  claim 3 , comprising a detector. 
     
     
       21. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light comprising:
   a body of light blocking material including at least one wedge - shaped projection at a leading edge thereof for attenuating the beam of light; and        a controller for varying the position of the body within the beam of light to control the attenuation thereof;        wherein the body comprises a cylindrical shaft having a cone at a first end thereof.     
     
     
       22. The optical attenuator according to  claim 21 , wherein the body includes a thread at a second end thereof; and wherein the controller mates with the thread causing the body to advance or retract in a substantially linear direction. 
     
     
       23. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light comprising:
   a body of light blocking material including at least one wedge - shaped projection at a leading edge thereof for attenuating the beam of light; and        a controller for varying the position of the body within the beam of light to control the attenuation thereof;        wherein each projection includes two substantially equal sides, which define an angle of  90 ° therebetween.     
     
     
       24. The optical attenuator according to  claim 23 , wherein the body is made of a material having a characteristic selected from the group consisting of opaque, light absorbing, and reflective. 
     
     
       25. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light comprising:
   a body of light blocking material including at least one wedge - shaped projection at a leading edge thereof for attenuating the beam of light; and        a controller for varying the position of the body within the beam of light to control the attenuation thereof;        wherein the body includes two wedge shaped projections with a wedge - shaped opening therebetween.     
     
     
       26. The optical attenuator according to  claim 25 , wherein the body is flat for movement into and out of a narrow gap. 
     
     
       27. The optical attenuator according to  claim 25 , wherein a central line of symmetry of the body is coincident with a line of symmetry of the beam of light. 
     
     
       28. The optical attenuator according to  claim 25 , wherein a central line of symmetry of the opening is coincident with a line of symmetry of the beam of light. 
     
     
       29. The optical attenuator according to  claim 25 , wherein the body comprises two sheets of opaque material defining the wedge- shaped opening therebetween, the two sheets being moveable in opposing directions.   
     
     
       30. The optical attenuator according to  claim 25 , further comprising an input port optically coupled to an input lens, and an output port optically coupled to an output lens. 
     
     
       31. The optical attenuator according to  claim 30 , further comprising: an input port optically coupled to a first lens; an output port optically coupled to the first lens; and a reflective surface for reflecting the light incident thereon in an opposite direction back through the first lens to the output port. 
     
     
       32. An optical attenuator for attenuating a beam of light comprising:
   a body of light blocking material including at least one wedge - shaped opening at a leading edge thereof for attenuating the beam of light; and        a controller for varying the position of the body within the beam of light to control the attenuation thereof.     
     
     
       33. The optical attenuator according to  claim 32 , wherein a central line of symmetry of the opening is coincident with a line of symmetry of the beam of light.