Electrolytic cell assembly and process for production of bromine

Abstract

An easily installed, automatically operated sanitizing direct current, electrolytic cell canister assembly and a method or efficiently providing brominated water for swimming pools and the like, the method including furnishing d.c. power at a constant amperage to the bipolar electrode graphite plate electrolytic cell canister, controlling the flow of electrolyte through the canister, turning the d.c. current on and off to provide d.c. on/off switching, turning the d.c. power off, adjusting the time of the on/off switching so that the current is off for a predetermined selected time in a cycle of about 1 to 60 seconds, and, just prior to reversing the polarity of the electrodes, turning the power off for about five seconds, with separate polarity changing switching to help efficiently clean the graphite plates and keep the bromine atoms from going back to their ionized state and reduce any power surge due to the reversal of the polarity.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method for electrolytically producing bromine from an aqueous electrolyte bromide solution to provide brominated water for sanitizing a body of water, the method comprising: (a) pumping the bromide solution through an electrolytic cell, said electrolytic cell including a canister having a compartment that houses two electrodes functioning as an anode and a cathode, and a plurality of bipolar planar electrode plates in spaced-apart relationship between the anode and the cathode and parallel to a flow of the bromide solution moving from an input end of the canister, across the electrode plates, and out an output end of the canister;   (b) supplying a direct current from a power supply to the electrolytic cell in an adjustable operating cycle controlled by a DC power timer, the operating cycle being 60 seconds or less in length and defined by connecting the power supply to the anode and cathode for up to 90% of the cycle and by disconnecting the power supply from the anode and cathode for the balance of the operating cycle, the direct current from the power supply establishing a polarity at the anode and cathode and passing through the bipolar electrode plates and the aqueous solution in the electrolytic cell to produce brominated water;   (c) directing the brominated water from the canister to the body of water for sanitizing the body of water;   (d) reversing the polarity of the electrodes functioning as the anode and the cathode in an adjustable polarity cycle controlled by a polarity timer, the polarity of the anode and the cathode being switched every 3 to 10 minutes, which results in the bipolar electrode plates alternatively functioning as an anode on one face and as a cathode on the other face;   (e) overriding the DC power timer to disconnect the direct current power supply from the anode and the cathode for approximately 3 to 10 seconds prior to the reversing of the polarity of the electrodes, and then returning to the operating cycle;   (f) monitoring the bromine content of the brominated water and the build-up of a deposit on the electrodes; and   (g) adjusting the DC power timer to control the operating cycle and adjusting the polarity timer to control the polarity cycle and override, whereby brominated water with the desired bromine concentration is supplied to the body of water and the build-up of the deposits on the electrodes is eliminated.   
     
     
       2. A method as defined in claim 1 in which the operating cycle in step (b) is about 1 to  seconds. 
     
     
       3. A method as defined in claim 1 in which the direct current is supplied at a constant amperage. 
     
     
       4. A method as defined in claim 1 in which there is a further step of controlling the flow of the bromide solution to provide an efficient flow velocity of about 3 to 6 ft./second through the electrode plates. 
     
     
       5. A method as defined in claim 1 in which the direct current is supplied at a constant amperage, the amperage selected to provide the brominated water with a bromine content of about 1 to 9 parts per million. 
     
     
       6. The method as defined in claim 1 in which there is a further step of controlling the flow of the bromide solution through a pair of mounting plates in the canister and across the electrodes supported by the mounting plates, by directing a portion of the flow through a set of side apertures in the mounting plates. 
     
     
       7. A method as defined in claim 1 in which a sodium bromide electrolyte used and the operating cycle is approximately 10 seconds, and includes being connected to the power supply for 7 seconds and being disconnected from the power supply for 3 seconds. 
     
     
       8. A method as defined in claim 7 in which an override cycle occurs approximately 5 seconds prior to the reversing of the polarity of the anode and cathode. 
     
     
       9. A method as defined in claim 1 in which there is a further step of selecting a low power setting for bromine production of 1 to 3 parts per million or a high power setting for bromide production of 4 to 6 parts per million. 
     
     
       10. A sanitizing electrode assembly apparatus for delivering brominated water to a body of water, the assembly comprising: (a) a canister having an inlet for an aqueous bromide electrolyte and an outlet for brominated water;   (b) in anode and a cathode positioned in the canister and a plurality of bipolar electrode plates in spaced-apart relationship between the anode and the cathode and parallel to a flow of the electrolyte from the inlet, across the electrode plates, and out the outlet;   (c) means for passing the electrolyte through the canister;   (d) power supply means for selectively supplying a direct current from a direct current source to the anode and cathode, and for establishing a polarity for the anode, the cathode, and the bipolar plates;   (e) a first control means for determining an operating cycle for said power supply means, said first control means provided with adjustable timers for establishing the operating cycle, including an adjustable time period during which the power supply means is connected to the anode and the cathode and an adjustable time period during which the power supply means is disconnected.   (f) a second control means for reversing the polarity of the anode and the cathode, which reverses the polarity for the bipolar plates, said second control means including an adjustable timer for establishing an independent polarity cycle time and an override means for selectively disconnecting the power supply means from the anode and the cathode prior to reversing the polarity of the anode and the cathode.   
     
     
       11. An apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein the override means includes a timer switch for disconnecting the power supply means from the anode and the cathode for about 1 to 10 seconds prior to reversing the polarity of the anode and cathode. 
     
     
       12. An apparatus as defined in claim 10 including means for controlling the flow of electrolyte through the canister, said means for controlling the flow including being mounted in said canister for supporting the bipolar electrode, the mounting plate means being provided with a plurality of side apertures for directing a portion of the flow of the electrolyte around the bipolar electrode plates to provide en efficient flow for the electrolyte passing through the electrodes for bromination. 
     
     
       13. An apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein the mounting plate means comprises at least two plates, each plate having a plurality of apertures to provide a bypass for the flow of electrolyte and to control the flow of electrolyte through the electrodes for bromination. .Iadd. 
     
     
       14.  A method for electrolytically producing bromine from an aqueous electrolyte bromide solution to provide brominated water for sanitizing a body of water, the method comprising the steps of: pumping the bromide solution through an electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell including a canister having a compartment that houses two electrodes functioning as an anode and a cathode, the bromide solution moving from an input end of the canister, across the electrodes, and out an output end of the canister;   supplying a direct current from a power supply to the electrolytic cell in an opening cycle comprising a first time period wherein the power supply is connected to the anode and the cathode and a second time period wherein the power supply is disconnected from the anode and the cathode, the direct current from the power supply establishing a polarity at the anode and the cathode and passing through the aqueous solution in the electrolytic cell to produce brominated water, the brominated water for sanitizing the body of water;   reversing the polarity of the electrodes functioning as the anode and the cathode in a polarity cycle, the polarity of the anode and the cathode being switched in a cycle time; and   overriding the operating cycle to disconnect the direct current power supply from the anode and the cathode for a period prior to the reversing of the polarity of the electrodes, and then returning to the operating cycle, wherein the overriding step is for preventing buildup of unwanted deposits on the electrodes. .Iaddend..Iadd.15. The bromine producing method recited in claim 14 wherein the canister further comprises a bipolar electrode plate positioned between the anode and the cathode; and   the reversing step results in the bipolar electrode plate alternatively functioning as an anode on one face and as a cathode on the other face. .Iaddend..Iadd.16. The bromine producing method recited in claim 15, wherein the anode, the cathode, and the bipolar electrode plate are positioned parallel to the movement of the bromide solution from the input   
     
     
        end to the output end of the canister. .Iaddend..Iadd.17.  The bromine producing method recited in claim 16, wherein the bipolar electrode plate comprises a plurality of bipolar electrode plates positioned in spaced apart relationship to each other. .Iaddend..Iadd.18. The bromine producing method recited in claim 14, wherein the operating cycle is controlled by a DC power timer and the operating cycle is 60 seconds or less. .Iaddend..Iadd.19. The bromine producing method recited in claim 18, wherein the first time period of the operating cycle comprises a portion of up to 90% of the operating cycle. .Iaddend..Iadd.20. The bromine producing method recited in claim 19, wherein the DC power timer is adjustable. .Iaddend..Iadd.21. The bromine producing method recited in claim 14, wherein the polarity cycle is controlled by a polarity timer and the polarity is switched every 3 to 10 minutes. .Iaddend..Iadd.22. The bromine producing method recited in claim 14, further comprising the steps of: monitoring a bromine content of the brominated water; and   adjusting the operating cycle, the polarity cycle, and overriding period to supply brominated water with a desired bromine concentration to the body   
     
     
        of water. .Iaddend..Iadd.23.  The bromine producing method recited in claim 22, further comprising the steps of: monitoring a build-up of a deposit on the electrodes; and   adjusting the operating cycle, the polarity cycle, and overriding period to eliminate the build-up of the deposit on the electrodes.   
     
     
        .Iaddend..Iadd.     A sanitizing electrode assembly apparatus for delivering brominated water to a body of water, the assembly comprising: a canister having an inlet for an aqueous bromide electrolyte and an outlet for brominated water;   an anode and a cathode positioned in the canister in spaced apart relationship between the canister inlet and outlet;   means in electrical communication with the anode and the cathode for selectively transmitting a supplied direct current thereto for establishing a polarity for the anode and the cathode;   first control means for determining and establishing an operating cycle for the transmitting means, the operating cycle including a first time period during which the transmitting means is supplying direct current for producing brominated water and a second timer period during which the transmitting means is supplying no direct current; and   second control means for reversing the polarity of the anode and the cathode in a polarity cycle, the second control means including means for establishing a polarity cycle time and overriding means for selectively preventing the transmitting means from supplying direct current to the anode and the cathode prior to reversing the polarity of the anode and the cathode, and further for preventing buildup of unwanted deposits on the electrodes. .Iaddend..Iadd.25. The assembly recited in claim 24, further comprising a bipolar electrode plate positioned in spaced-apart relationship between the anode and the cathode, and wherein the second control means further reverses the polarity for the bipolar plate. .Iaddend..Iadd.26. The assembly recited in claim 25, wherein the bipolar electrode plate comprises a plurality of bipolar electrode plates positioned in spaced-apart relationship from each other. .Iaddend..Iadd.27. The assembly recited in claim 26, wherein the anode, the cathode, and the bipolar electrode plates are positioned parallel to a flow of the electrolyte from the inlet, across the electrode plates, and out the outlet. .Iaddend..Iadd.28. The assembly recited in claim 24, further comprising power supply means in electrical contact with the transmitting means for supplying direct current thereto. .Iaddend..Iadd.29. The assembly recited in claim 24, wherein the first control means comprises a timer for establishing the operating cycle. .Iaddend..Iadd.30. The assembly recited in claim 29, wherein the timer comprises an adjustable timer for establishing an adjustable first time   
     
     
        period. .Iaddend..Iadd.31.  The assembly recited in claim 30, further comprising a bipolar electrode plate positioned in spaced-apart relationship between the anode and the cathode, and wherein the second control means further reverses the polarity for the bipolar plate. .Iaddend.