Syringe apparatus for separating blood

Abstract

A disposable syringe for the dual extraction of arterial blood or venous blood into the barrel of said disposable syringe and a plurality of vacuum glass tubes. The distal portion of the syringe has an inner cannula extending centrally retrograde from the distal portion of the syringe and telescoping into the proximal portion of a conduit of a plunger of the syringe with said plunger of the syringe having a piston which sealably slides lengthwise about said inner cannula and said conduit of said plunger further having one end thereof sealably accepting a blood collection needle of a blood collection receptacle with said inner cannula telescoping further centrally retrograde into said conduit of said plunger with the distal portion of said inner cannula being securely positioned into the distal portion of the syringe so as to allow arterial or venous blood to flow around said inner cannula and into the barrel of the syringe when said plunger is advanced proximally with said inner cannula inducing the flow of arterial or venous blood when a vacuum glass tube is inserted into said blood collection receptacle. Several embodiments of the inner cannula plunger-conduit system are described.

Having thus described the invention what I desire to claim and secure by Letters Patent is: 
     
       1. A syringe for the extraction of a fluid into at least one fluid chamber or the injection of a fluid comprising: (a) a cylindrical body having a distal end and an open proximal end, said distal end including a partial opening and a portion of a size and shape adapted for mounting an indwelling catheter thereon, said distal end being open to the flow of a first fluid into and out of said cylindrical body through said partial opening at all times when said syringe is in use;   (b) a piston sealably engaging and slidable along the interior wall of said cylindrical body, said piston including a piston face extending transversely across said interior wall and defining a fluid chamber between said piston face and said distal end of said cylindrical body;   (c) plunger means for moving said piston proximally or distally within said cylindrical body, said plunger means being attached at one end to said piston, said plunger means having another end extending beyond said open proximal end of said cylindrical body, said plunger means having a size and shape that minimizes substantial lateral motion in said cylindrical body;   (d) extending distally and not beyond said distal end, an inner cannula having a blunt distal orifice and a blunt proximal orifice, said inner cannula further having an interior portion, said interior portion having a substantially narrow, uniform internal diameter adapted for passing a separate second fluid therethrough, said inner cannula further having an exterior portion, said inner cannula being rigidly held in said distal end by support means so as to position substantially permanent said blunt distal orifice in said partial opening, said inner cannula being integral with said support means so as to be able to allow the flow of said first fluid past said blunt distal orifice and into and out of said fluid chamber, said inner cannula further being rigidly held in said distal end by support means to assure said first fluid remains substantially separate from said interior portion, said inner cannula further being rigidly held in said distal end by support means so as to substantially prevent the flow of said first fluid through said inner cannula, said blunt distal orifice further being positioned by support means to allow mounting of said indwelling catheter on said portion; and   (e) operatively disposed in relationship to said blunt proximal orifice, sealing means for preventing the retrograde flow of air into said inner cannula, said sealing means comprising a fluid collection receptacle, said fluid collection receptacle including a passage that communicates with said interior portion of said inner cannula.   
     
     
       2. A syringe as defined in claim 1 wherein said inner cannula, further extending proximally and centrally into said cylindrical body, further being integral with said support means so as to be able to allow the flow of said first fluid around said exterior portion of said inner cannula and into and out of said fluid chamber. 
     
     
       3. A syringe as defined in claim 1 wherein said piston further includes a central opening of a size and shape adapted for slidably and sealably engaging said exterior portion of said inner cannula at all times. 
     
     
       4. A syringe as defined in claim 1 wherein said plunger means includes conduit means extending proximally and distally through said plunger means, said conduit means including an open distal end, said conduit means further including an open proximal end being sealably engaged by said fluid collection receptacle, said conduit means having a sufficiently wide internal diameter to allow the passage of said inner cannula therethrough at all times, said conduit means further having a uniform internal diameter to induce the passage of said separate second fluid through said inner cannula and said plunger means and into said fluid collection receptacle. 
     
     
       5. A syringe for the extraction of a fluid into at least one fluid chamber or the injection of a fluid comprising: (a) a cylindrical body having a distal end and an open proximal end, said distal end including a partial opening and a portion of a size and shape adapted for mounting an indwelling catheter thereon, said distal end being open to the flow of a first fluid into and out of said cylindrical body through said partial opening at all times when said syringe is in use;   (b) extending distally and not beyond said distal end, an inner cannula having a blunt distal orifice and a blunt proximal orifice, said inner cannula further having an interior portion, said interior portion having a substantially narrow, uniform internal diameter adapted for passing a second fluid therethrough, said inner cannula further having an exterior portion, said inner cannula being rigidly held in said distal end by support means so as to position substantially permanent said blunt distal orifice in said partial opening, said inner cannula being integral with said support means so as to be able to allow the flow of said first fluid past said blunt distal orifice, said inner cannula further being rigidly held in said distal end by support means to assure said first fluid remains substantially separate from said interior portion, said inner cannula further being rigidly held in said distal end by support means so as to substantially prevent the flow of said first fluid through said inner cannula, said blunt distal orifice further being positioned by support means to allow mounting of said indwelling catheter on said portion;   (c) plunger means having piston means at one end of said plunger means, said piston means sealably engaging and slidable along the interior wall of said cylindrical body, said piston means including a portion extending transversely across said interior wall and defining a fluid chamber between said piston means and said distal end of said cylindrical body, said plunger means, disposed within said cylindrical body, being adapted for moving said piston means proximally or distally so as to induce the flow of said first fluid past said blunt distal orifice and into and out of said fluid chamber, said plunger means having another end extending beyond said open proximal end of said cylindrical body, said plunger means having a size and shape that minimizes substantial lateral motion in said cylindrical body; and   (d) operatively disposed in relationship to said blunt proximal orifice, sealing means for preventing the retrograde flow of air into said inner cannula, said sealing means comprising a fluid collection receptacle, said fluid collection receptacle including a passage that communicates with said interior portion of said inner cannula.   
     
     
       6. A syringe as defined in claim 5 wherein said inner cannula, further extending proximally and centrally throughout said cylindrical body, further being integral with said support means so as to be able to allow the flow of said first fluid around said exterior portion of said inner cannula and into and out of said fluid chamber. 
     
     
       7. A syringe as defined in claim 5 wherein said piston means further includes means for separating said first fluid from said second fluid, said separating means comprising a central opening having a size and shape adapted for slidably and sealably engaging said exterior portion of said inner cannula at all times. 
     
     
       8. A syringe as defined in claim 5 wherein said plunger means includes conduit means extending proximally and distally through said plunger means, said conduit means including an open distal end, said conduit means further including an open proximal end being sealably engaged by said fluid collection receptacle, said conduit means having a sufficiently wide internal diameter to allow the passage of said inner cannula therethrough at all times, said conduit means further having a uniform internal diameter to induce the passage of said second fluid through said inner cannula and said plunger means and into said fluid collection receptacle. .Iadd. 
     
     
       9.  A syringe for the extraction of a fluid into at least one fluid chamber or the injection of a fluid comprising: (a) a cylindrical body having a distal end and an open proximal end, said distal end including an opening therethrough, said opening being adapted to allow flow of a first sample liquid into and out of said cylindrical body through said opening;   (b) a piston sealably engaging and slidable along an interior wall of said cylindrical body, said piston including a piston face extending transversely across said interior wall and defining a fluid chamber between said piston face and said distal end of said cylindrical body;   (c) a plunger attached to a proximal end of said piston, said plunger extending proximally beyond said open proximal end of said cylindrical body, said plunger being adapted to move said piston proximally or distally within said cylindrical body; and   (d) an inner cannula extending proximally from said distal end, and having a distal orifice and a proximal orifice, said inner cannula further having an interior channel adapted for passing a second sample liquid therethrough, said inner cannula being held in said distal end by a support therein so as to retain in position substantially permanently said distal orifice in said opening, said inner cannula being adapted to allow the flow of said first sample liquid past said distal orifice and into and out of said fluid chamber, while assuring that said first sample liquid remains substantially separate from said interior channel..Iaddend..Iadd.10. The syringe of claim 9, further comprising a fluid collection receptacle including a passage that communicates with said interior channel of said inner cannula..Iaddend..Iadd.11. A syringe for extracting an isolated sample of fluid, said syringe comprising:   a cylindrical body having an interior wall, an open proximal end, and a distal end, said distal end having a distal opening therethrough;   a plunger assembly slidably disposed in said proximal end, said plunger assembly sealably engaging said interior wall of said cylindrical body, thereby defining a fluid chamber between a distal face of said plunger assembly and said distal end of said cylindrical body; and   a cannula attached in said cylindrical body, and extending proximally from said distal end, said cannula having a distal orifice, said distal orifice being adapted to allow a first fluid sample to be drawn through said distal opening into said fluid chamber, said cannula having an interior channel communicating with said distal orifice allowing a second fluid sample to be drawn through said distal opening into said interior channel, while remaining substantially separate from said first fluid sample..Iaddend..Iadd.12. The syringe of claim 11, wherein said distal face of said plunger assembly includes an opening therein, and wherein said cannula extends proximally into said opening, said opening being adapted to slidably and sealably engage said cannula..Iaddend..Iadd.13. The syringe of claim 12, wherein said plunger assembly includes a conduit therein extending proximally from said opening in said distal face, said conduit being adapted to allow said second fluid sample in said cannula to pass therethrough..Iaddend..Iadd.14. The syringe of claim 13, further comprising a fluid collection receptacle on a proximal end of said plunger assembly in communication with said conduit..Iaddend..Iadd.15. The syringe of claim 13, further comprising a blood collection needle extending proximally from said conduit..Iaddend..Iadd.16. The syringe of claim 11, wherein said distal orifice of said cannula is attached to said distal end of said cylindrical body by an integral support..Iaddend..Iadd.17. The syringe of claim 11, wherein said interior channel has a substantially narrow, uniform diameter..Iaddend..Iadd.18. A syringe for extracting an isolated sample of fluid, said syringe comprising:   a cylindrical body having an interior wall, an open proximal end, and a distal end, said distal end having a distal opening therethrough;   a piston slidably disposed in said proximal end, said piston sealably engaging said interior wall of said cylindrical body, thereby defining a fluid chamber between a piston face of said piston and said distal end of said cylindrical body;   a plunger attached to said piston and extending proximally therefrom, said plunger being adapted to move said piston proximally and distally within said cylindrical body; and   a cannula attached to said distal end of said cylindrical body and extending proximally therefrom, said cannula having a cross-section smaller than a cross-section of said distal opening, thereby allowing a first fluid sample to be drawn into and out of said fluid chamber through said distal opening, said cannula having an interior channel allowing a second fluid sample to be drawn therethrough while remaining substantially   
     
     
        separate from said first fluid sample..Iaddend..Iadd.19.  The syringe of claim 18, wherein said cannula includes a distal end having a distal orifice therein, said distal orifice communicating with said interior channel, said distal orifice being located adjacent said distal opening..Iaddend..Iadd.20. The syringe of claim 19, wherein said distal end of said cannula is fixedly attached in said distal opening by a support..Iaddend..Iadd.21. The syringe of claim 18, further comprising a conduit extending proximally from an opening in said piston face through said plunger, said cannula sealably and slidably telescoping into said conduit, thereby allowing said second fluid sample to pass through said conduit..Iaddend..Iadd.22. The syringe of claim 21, further comprising a fluid collection receptacle on a proximal end of said plunger, said fluid collection receptacle sealably communicating with said 
     
     
        conduit..Iaddend..Iadd.23.  The syringe of claim 22, wherein said fluid collection receptacle includes a vacuum tube attachable to said fluid collection receptacle, thereby allowing said second fluid sample to be received within said vacuum tube..Iaddend..Iadd.24. The syringe of claim 21, further comprising a blood collection needle extending proximally from a proximal end of said plunger and being sealably housed in a sleeve, said blood collection needle communicating with said conduit, said blood collection needle being adapted to detachably receive a vacuum tube thereon..Iaddend.