In-situ remediation and vitrification of contaminated soils, deposits and buried materials

Abstract

A method is disclosed in which a plasma arc torch is used to vitrify and remediate a site containing contaminated soils, resulting from a hazardous material deposit or spill, or contaminated buried objects. The contaminated earthen material or subterranean deposit is pyrolyzed, melted or solidified by the plasma torch which is energized at the bottom of a cased, vertical borehole, and then gradually raised to the surface. An array of boreholes, appropriately spaced, will remediate an entire mass of contaminated material. Similarly, burled objects such as metal drums containing contaminants and underground storage tanks may be selectively remediated at their specific buried depth. Similar use is made of the plasma torch in a second embodiment with the additional step of processing at selected underground locations in the borehole array to create a sealed horizontal layer, vertical cutoff walls or a sealed basin as a barrier against further leaching of contaminants into surrounding soil and groundwater. Gaseous by-products of the pyrolysis process are collected, treated and processed, as appropriate.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil comprising .Iadd.the steps of.Iaddend.: (a) forming a vertical borehole of a size sufficient to accommodate a plasma arc torch.Iadd., said vertical borehole .Iaddend.extending from an upper surface of the soil to a lower end at a predetermined depth in said hazardous waste contaminated soil;   .Iadd.(b) inserting a casing into said formed borehole for preventing sidewall collapse; .Iaddend.   (. .b.!..Iadd.c.Iaddend.) lowering a plasma arc torch together with connected utilities into said . .formed borehole.!. .Iadd.casing .Iaddend.and suspending the plasma arc torch at a location above and proximate said borehole lower end;   (. .c.!..Iadd.d.Iaddend.) utilizing the connected . .plasma torch.!. utilities to operate said torch .Iadd.to convert electrical energy to heat so as .Iaddend.to create a plasma arc of sufficient temperature to pyrolyze and melt . .substantially in the absence of combustion.!. a portion of said contaminated soil located proximate said plasma arc;   (. .D.!..Iadd.e.Iaddend.) deenergizing the plasma arc torch;   (. .e.!..Iadd.f.Iaddend.) removing the plasma arc torch from the borehole; and   (. .f.!..Iadd.g.Iaddend.) allowing said molten soil to cool and solidify thereby to produce a vitrified column of hard, inert residue substantially less in volume than the contaminated soil from which it was produced.   
     
     
       2. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1 in which said borehole is formed to a depth greater than the depth of said contaminated soil. 
     
     
       3. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1 . .including the step of inserting a heat destructible casing into said formed borehole prior to lowering said torch therein.!. .Iadd.further including the step of forming said casing of a heat destructible material.Iaddend.. 
     
     
       4. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 3 further comprising gradually raising said torch in said borehole so as to melt sequentially higher portions of contaminated soil. 
     
     
       5. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 3 in which said plasma arc torch operates to melt a portion of contaminated soil only at the lowest depth to which the borehole is formed and is then removed from said borehole, and such process is repeated in each of the plurality of boreholes so as to form a coalesced and non-porous horizontal sealant layer to prevent further vertical leaching of contaminants to surrounding soil and aquifers. 
     
     
       6. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1 wherein said borehole is formed as an initial hole and further comprising lowering, operating, and raising said torch so as to determine from said initial hole the effective diameter of said decontaminated and vitrified soil and thereby to determine the distance required between said initial hole and a remaining plurality of holes in order to completely vitrify and remediate an area containing said hazardous waste contaminated soil. 
     
     
       7. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 6 further comprising forming a plurality of boreholes each at a distance from adjacent boreholes so that the peripheral diameters of solidified materials as determined from the initial hole will coalesce and form a solidified mass throughout the area containing said hazardous waste contaminated soil. 
     
     
       8. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 7 further including the step of positioning said plurality of boreholes in such relative proximity so that the heat transmitted from said plasma torch through said contaminated soil beyond the portion being melted creates peripheral zones of solidified brick-like material and deplasticized material and the outer deplasticized material of each hole is coalesced with the respective deplasticized material formed around adjacent boreholes. 
     
     
       9. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1 including the step of operating said plasma torch in a non-transferred mode. . .10. A method for in situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil wherein the contamination extends to only a shallow depth below the surface of the soil, comprising: (a) suspending a plasma arc torch together with connected utilities above said contaminated soil;   (b) utilizing the connected plasma torch utilities to operate said torch to create a plasma arc of sufficient temperature to melt substantially in the absence of combustion a portion of said contaminated soil located proximate said plasma arc;   (c) deenergizing the plasma arc torch; and   (d) allowing said molten mass to cool and solidify thereby to produce a volume of vitrified soil substantially less in volume than the contaminated soil from which it was produced..!.. .11. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 10, further comprising moving said plasma arc torch to additional adjacent locations above said contaminated soil and remediating and vitrifying said additional adjacent locations of contaminated soil..!.. .12. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 11 further   
     
     
        comprising operating said torch in a transferred arc mode..!.13. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1 wherein said borehole is formed to a depth substantially equal to the depth of said hazardous waste 
     
     
        contaminated soil. 14. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1 wherein said hazardous waste contaminated soil . .comprises.!. .Iadd.includes .Iaddend.volatile compounds and .Iadd.further .Iaddend.including .Iadd.the steps of .Iaddend.forming throughout the contaminated soil area a plurality of boreholes each at a distance from adjacent boreholes and volatizing said volatile compounds in each of said 
     
     
        boreholes. 15. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1 further comprising forming a plurality of boreholes each at a distance from adjacent boreholes so that the peripheral diameters of solidified materials as determined from the initial hole will coalesce and form a solidified mass throughout the area containing said hazardous waste contaminated soil. 
     
     
            The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1 wherein said contaminated soil . .comprises having.!. .Iadd.includes .Iaddend.buried metal objects and including during the step of melting said soil the .Iadd.further 
     
     
        .Iaddend.step of melting said metal objects in situ. 17. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1 wherein said contaminated soil . .comprises having.!. .Iadd.includes .Iaddend.buried metal objects containing volatile products and including during the step of melting said soil the . .step.!. .Iadd.further steps .Iaddend.of melting said metal objects in situ and 
     
     
        volatilizing . .the.!. said volatile products contained therein. 18. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1 in which said plasma arc torch operates to melt a portion of contaminated soil only at the lowest depth to which the borehole is formed and is then removed from said borehole, and such process is repeated in each of . .the.!. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.plurality of boreholes so as to form a coalesced and non-porous horizontal sealant layer to prevent further vertical leaching of 
     
     
        contaminants to surrounding solid and aquifers. .Iadd.19.  A method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil comprising the steps of: (a) forming a vertical borehole of a size sufficient to accommodate a plasma arc torch and extending from an upper surface of the soil to a lower end at a predetermined depth in said hazardous waste contaminated soil;   (b) lowering a plasma arc torch together with connected utilities into said formed borehole and suspending the plasma arc torch at a location above and proximate said borehole lower end;   (c) utilizing the connected utilities to operate said torch to convert electrical energy to heat so as to create a plasma arc flame of sufficient temperature to pyrolyze and melt a portion of said contaminated soil located proximate said plasma arc flame;   (d) gradually raising said torch in said borehole so as to melt sequentially higher portions of said contaminated soil;   (e) deenergizing the plasma arc torch;   (f) removing the plasma arc torch from the borehole; and   (g) allowing said molten soil to cool and solidify thereby to produce a vitrified column of hard, inert residue substantially less in volume than the contaminated soil from which it was produced. .Iaddend..Iadd.20. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 19 in which said borehole is formed to a depth equal to or greater than the depth of said contaminated soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.21. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 19 including the step of inserting a heat destructible casing into said formed borehole prior to lowering said torch therein. .Iaddend..Iadd.22. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 19 wherein said borehole is formed as an initial hole and further comprising the steps of lowering, operating, and raising said torch for determining from said initial hole the effective diameter of said decontaminated and vitrified soil and thereby determining the distance required between said initial hole and a plurality of additional holes in order to completely vitrify and remediate an area containing said   
     
     
        hazardous waste contaminated soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.23.  The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 19 further comprising the step of forming a plurality of boreholes each at a distance from adjacent boreholes so that the peripheral diameters of solidified materials as determined from the initial hole will coalesce and form a solidified mass throughout the area containing said hazardous waste contaminated soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.24. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 19 including the step of operating said plasma torch in a non-transferred mode. .Iaddend..Iadd.25. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 19 in which said plasma arc torch operates to melt a portion of contaminated soil only at the lowest depth to which the borehole is formed and then deactivating and removing said plasma arc torch from said borehole, and repeating such steps in each of a plurality of boreholes so as to form a coalesced and non-porous horizontal sealant layer to prevent further downward leaching of contaminants to surrounding soil and aquifers. .Iaddend..Iadd.26. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 22 further comprising forming a plurality of boreholes each at a distance from adjacent boreholes so that the peripheral diameters of solidified materials as determined from the initial hole will coalesce and form a solidified mass throughout the area containing said hazardous waste contaminated soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.27. The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 26 further including the step of positioning said plurality of boreholes in such relative proximity so that the heat transmitted from said plasma torch through said contaminated soil beyond the portion being melted creates peripheral zones of solidified brick-like material and deplasticized material and the deplasticized material of each hole is coalesced with the respective deplasticized material formed around adjacent boreholes. .Iaddend..Iadd.28. A method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil comprising the steps of: (a) forming a vertical borehole of a size sufficient to accommodate a plasma arc torch and extending from an upper surface of the soil to a lower end at a predetermined depth in said hazardous waste contaminated soil;   (b) lowering a plasma arc torch together with connected utilities into said formed borehole and suspending the plasma arc torch at a location above and proximate said borehole lower end;   (c) utilizing the connected utilities to operate said torch to convert electrical energy to heat so as to create a plasma arc flame of sufficient temperature to pyrolyze and melt a portion of said contaminated soil located proximate said plasma arc flame;   (d) deenergizing the plasma arc torch;   (e) removing the plasma arc torch from the borehole;   (f) allowing said molten soil to cool and solidify thereby to produce a vitrified column of hard, inert residue substantially less in volume than the contaminated soil from which it was produced; and   (g) forming a plurality of additional boreholes each at a distance from adjacent boreholes so that the peripheral diameters of solidified materials as determined from the initial hole will coalesce and form a solidified mass throughout the area containing said hazardous waste   
     
     
        contaminated soil. .Iaddend..Iadd.29.  The method for in-situ remediation and vitrification of hazardous waste contaminated soil as claimed in claim 28 in which said plasma arc torch operates to melt a portion of contaminated soil only at the lowest depth to which the borehole is formed and said plasma arc torch is then deactivated and removed from said borehole, and such process is repeated in each of said plurality of boreholes so as to form a coalesced and non-porous horizontal sealant layer to prevent further downward leaching of contaminants to surrounding soil and aquifers. .Iaddend.