Electrical transient surge protection

Abstract

An adapter to be plugged in between a conventional watt-hour meter and an electrical power use installation socket to protect both the meter and downstream equipment from possible damage by transient surges in electrical potential resulting from lightning or similar disturbance. For the usual meter having a pair of power input terminals and a pair of power output terminals, this adapter has a pair of varistors or similar non-linear resistances connected between the respective input terminals and ground, so as to conduct away such surges. It also preferably has a heat sink connected to the grounded side of the varistors to dissipate the thermal energy resulting from the surge conduction. Additional features include an indicator of operating condition and fuse links to the varistors.

I claim: 
     
       1. Adapter means used in retrofitting electrical utility watt-hour meters with protection against surge damage from lightning or other transient source, comprising a housing member provided with power input and power output terminals, adapted to plug into external socket means into which such a meter normally plugs;   socket terminals into which such a meter is likewise equipped to plug, connected respectively to the plug terminals;   varistor means connected between at least one such power input terminal and external grounding means, and;   electrically and thermally conductive heat-sink means connected between and to the varistor means and the grounding means.   
     
     
       2. Meter adapter means according to claim 1, including a plurality of such power input terminals, and a like plurality of varistors connected to such respective power input terminals.   
     
     
       3. Meter adapter means according to claim 2, wherein the heat-sink means is substantially cruciform in outline, the varistors are in electrical and thermal contact with arms of the cross, and   the body of the cross is connected to a conductor to ground.   
     
     
       4. Adapter means used in protecting electrical utility watt-hour meters having a pair of power input terminals and a pair of power output terminals against electrical surge damage from lighting or other transient source, the adapter means being insertable between such meter terminals and conventional socket means therefor at a user's installation, and the adapter means comprising an open-ended non-conductive housing member having a base,   a pair of power input and a pair of power output terminals,   each adapter terminal having a female end within the open end of the housing and adapted to receive a terminal of such a meter,   each adapter terminal having a male end protruding beyond the housing base and adapted to plug into such socket means;   varistor means supported by the housing,   electrically connected at one face to the pair of power input terminals via a first path, and   electrically connected at the opposite face to an available external ground connection via a second path; and   hut-sink means in electrically and thermally conductive contact with the varistors via such second path.   
     
     
       5. Meter adapter means according to claim 4, wherein such heat-sink means is attached to the cover plate and is spring-biased against a conductive face of the varistor means. 
     
     
       6. Adapter means for protecting electrical utility watt-hour meters having a pair of power input terminals and a pair of power output terminals against electrical surge damage from lightning or other transient source, the adapter means being insertable between such meter terminals and conventional socket means therefor at a user's installation, and the adapter means comprising an open-ended non-conductive housing member having a base,   a cover plate for the closed end of the housing base, and   means for removably retaining the cover over such end,   a pair of power input and a pair of power output terminals,   each adapter terminal having a female end within the open end of the housing and adapted to receive a terminal of such meter,   each adapter terminal having a male end protruding beyond the housing base and adapted to plug into such socket means; and   varistor means supported by the housing between the base and the cover and being electrically connected at one face to the pair of power input terminals via a first path, and   electrically connected at the opposite face to an available external ground connection via a second path;     cuplike means partially enclosing the varistor means; and separate conductive laminar means in the first and second paths, respectively, in conductive contact with the respective faces of the varistor means.     
     
     
       7. In adapter means adapted to plug into a socket such as a utility meter customarily plugs into and further adapted to receive an electrical utility meter plugged in like manner into such adapter means, the improvement comprising a generally cylindrical non-conductive adapter housing having therein the following:   conductive electrical transient over-voltage means,   adjacent heat-sink means in electrically and thermally conductive relationship to such over-voltage means, and   means mounting such over-voltage means in electrically .[.and thermally.]. non-conductive relationship with adjacent conductive means. .Iadd.   
     
     
       8.  Adapter means for retrofitting electrical utility watt-hour meters with protection against surge damage from lightning or other transient source, comprising a housing member having an edge flange and being provided with   power input and power output terminals, adapted to plug into socket means of a meter mounting utility box into which such a meter normally plugs;   socket terminals, into which such a meter is likewise equipped to plug, connected respectively to the plug terminals; and   varistor means connected between at least one such power input terminal and external grounding means via at least one intervening conductive means, wherein the intervening conductive means includes a strip adjacent the edge flange and a fastener extending through the housing member to said strip. .Iaddend. .Iadd.9. Adapter means for retrofitting electrical utility watt-hour meters with protection against surge damage from lightning or other transient source, comprising   a housing member having an edge flange and being provided with   power input and power output terminals, adapted to plug into socket means of a meter mounting utility box into which such a meter normally plugs;   socket terminals, into which such a meter is likewise equipped to plug, connected respectively to the plug terminals; and   varistor means connected between at least one such power input terminal and external grounding means via at least one intervening conductive means, wherein the intervening conductive means includes a pigtail ground connector extending from the housing member, and a fastener extending   
     
     
        through the housing member to said pigtail connector. .Iaddend. .Iadd.10. Adapter means adapted to fit in plug-and-jack manner between a watt-hour meter having a plurality of conductive spade terminals extending therefrom and a meter socket having a plurality of conductive jaws adapted to receive meter spade terminals therein and a grounding member, said means comprising a housing means including a base wall and a sidewall extending up from the perimeter of the base wall;   a plurality of conductive terminals, each having a spade end extending from inside the housing through slots in the base wall and adapted to fit into the socket jaws, and   a jaw end connected to but directed oppositely from the spade end and adapted to receive meter spade terminals therein; and     transient voltage suppression means mounted adjacent the base wall and including grounding terminal means extending through the base wall from the inside to the outside of the housing into contact with the grounding member when the meter adapter housing is fitted in plug-and-jack manner between the meter and the socket; and   a voltage shunting device conductively connected between at least one of the spade terminals and the grounding terminal means when a voltage surge     
     
     
        occurs at said one of the spade terminals. .Iaddend. .Iadd.11.  Adapter means of claim 10, wherein the grounding terminal means includes a threaded fastener connected in series circuit between the voltage shunting device and a connector to the grounding member when the transient voltage surge suppression means is fitted in plug-and-jack manner between the watt-hour meter and the socket. .Iaddend. .Iadd.12. Grounding means, adapted to shunt received transient voltage surges to an external ground from a face of varistor means housed in plug-and-jack meter adapted means having a cylindrical non-conductive housing open at one end and receiving plug terminals of a watt-hour meter and covered at the other end by a base having slots therein and plug terminals extending through the slots and fitting into the jaws of a socket into which meter plug terminals normally fit, comprising fastener means extending from the inside to the outside of the meter adapter housing through the base into connection with adjacent striplike conductive means adapted to be connected to an external ground. 
     
     
        .Iaddend. .Iadd.13.  Grounding means, adapted to shunt received transient voltage surges to an external ground from a face of varistor means comprising a plurality of spaced apart like varistors having a face area housed in plug-and-jack meter adapter means having a cylindrical non-conductive housing receiving plug terminals of a watt-hour meter and having plug terminals extending from an end and fitting into the jaws of a socket into which meter plug terminals usually fit, comprising a conductive member about a millimeter thick, connected between said varistor face and the external ground, and extending over an area of the cylindrical housing interior exceeding said face area, wherein said conductive member is in contact with substantially all of a face of each of said plurality of varistors. .Iaddend.