Exhaust gas discharge system for two-stroke internal combustion engine

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a two stroke internal combustion engine comprising first, second, third, and fourth cylinders which fire in a predetermined sequence and which include respective first, second, third, and fourth exhaust ports which open and close in response to piston movement, and an exhaust gas discharge system communicating with the exhaust ports, including a duct portion, and being operable, in response to opening of one of the exhaust ports, to afford passage of exhaust gas from the one exhaust port to the exhaust gas discharge system so as to provide an outgoing positive acoustical pressure wave which travels in the duct portion and which arrives at the exhaust port of the previously fired cylinder prior to closure of the exhaust port of the previously fired cylinder and to provide a returning negative acoustical pressure wave which travels in the duct portion after substantial completion of the travel of the outgoing positive acoustical pressure wave in the duct portion and which arrives at the one exhaust port prior to closing of the one exhaust port.

I claim: 
     
       1. A two stroke internal combustion engine comprising first, second, third, and fourth cylinders which sequentially fire in the stated series and at an even firing interval of 90° and which include respective first, second, third, and fourth exhaust ports which open and close in response to piston movement, and an exhaust gas discharge means communicating with said exhaust ports, including a duct portion, and being operable, in response to firing of said second cylinder and opening of said second exhaust port, to afford passage of exhaust gas from said second exhaust port so as to provide an outgoing positive acoustical pressure wave which travels in said duct portion and which arrives at said first exhaust port prior to closure of said first exhaust port and to provide a returning negative acoustical pressure wave which travels in said duct portion after substantial completion of the travel of said outgoing positive acoustical pressure wave in said duct portion and which arrives at said second exhaust port prior to closing of said second exhaust port. 
     
     
       2. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 1 wherein said exhaust passage means includes respective first, second, third, and fourth exhaust gas ducts having respective first ends communicating respectively with said exhaust ports of said first, second, third, and fourth cylinders, having respective second ends, and being of equal length between said first and second ends said second ends of said first and third ducts communicating with each other at a first junction and said second ends of said second and fourth ducts communicating with each other at a second junction, a first exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said first junction and having a second end communicating with the atmosphere, a second exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said second junction and having a second end communicating with the atmosphere, and a third exhaust pipe separate from said first and second exhaust pipes and having a first end communicating with said first junction, and a second end communicating with said second junction. 
     
     
       3. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 2 wherein said first and second exhaust pipes have a cross section which expands from said first end toward said second end. 
     
     
       4. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 2 wherein two of said exhaust ducts and said third exhaust pipe have a combined acoustical flow length such that, at normal engine operating speed, an acoustical wave will travel through said combined length during a time interval approximately equal to the time interval of about 70 degrees of crankshaft rotation. 
     
     
       5. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 2 wherein said first and second exhaust pipes are of equal length and wherein one of said exhaust ducts and one of said exhaust pipes have a combined acoustical length such that, at normal engine operating speed, an acoustical wave will travel through said combined length during a time interval approximately equal to the time interval of about 80 degrees of crankshaft rotation. 
     
     
       6. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 2 wherein said first and second exhaust pipes are of equal length. 
     
     
       7. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 6 wherein said third exhaust pipe has a length greater than the combined lengths of said first and second exhaust pipes. 
     
     
       8. A internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 2 wherein the length of said exhaust ducts from said exhaust ports to said junctions is less than the length from said junctions to said second ends of said first and second exhaust pipes. 
     
     
       9. A two stroke internal combustion engine comprising first, second, third, and fourth cylinders which sequentially fire in the stated series and at an even firing interval of 90° and which include respective first, second, third, and fourth exhaust ports which open and close in response to piston movement, and an exhaust gas discharge means communicating with said exhaust ports and including means operable, incident to firing of said second cylinder and opening of said second exhaust port and the consequent emanation of an outgoing positive acoustical pressure wave from said second exhaust port, for applying the outgoing positive acoustical pressure wave to said first exhaust port for generating a .[.retuning.]. .Iadd.returning .Iaddend.negative acoustical pressure, and for applying the returning negative acoustical pressure pulse to said second exhaust port, and means for substantially preventing the returning negative acoustical pressure wave from adversely affecting the magnitude of the outgoing positive acoustical pressure wave applied to said first exhaust port. 
     
     
       10. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 9 wherein said exhaust passage means includes respective first, second, third, and fourth exhaust gas ducts having respective first ends communicating respectively with said exhaust ports of said first, second, third, and fourth cylinders, having respective second ends, and being of equal length between said first and second ends, said second ends of said first and third ducts communicating with each other at a first junction and said second ends of said second and fourth ducts communicating with each other at a second junction, a first exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said first junction and having a second end communicating with the atmosphere, a second exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said second junction and having a second end communicating with the atmosphere, and a third exhaust pipe separate from said first and second exhaust pipes and having a first end communicating with said first junction, and a second end communicating with said second junction. 
     
     
       11. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 10 wherein said first and second exhaust pipes have a cross section which expands from said first end toward said second end. 
     
     
       12. An internal combustion engine in accordance kith claim 10 wherein two of said exhaust ducts and said third exhaust pipe have a combined acoustical flow length such that, at normal engine operating speed, an acoustical wave will travel through said combined length during a time interval approximately equal t the time interval of about 70 degrees of crankshaft rotation. 
     
     
       13. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 10 wherein said first and second exhaust pipes are of equal length and wherein one of said exhaust ducts and one of said exhaust pipes have a combined acoustical length such that, at normal engine operating speed, an acoustical wave will travel through said combined length during a time interval approximately equal to the time interval of about 80 degrees of crankshaft rotation. 
     
     
       14. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 10 wherein said first and second exhaust pipes are of equal length. 
     
     
       15. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 14 wherein said third exhaust pipe has a length greater than the combined lengths of said first and second exhaust pipes. 
     
     
       16. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 10 wherein the length of said exhaust ducts from said exhaust ports to said junctions is less than the length from said junctions to said second ends of said first and second exhaust pipes. .Iadd. 
     
     
       17.  An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 2 wherein said first end of said first exhaust pipe and said first end of said third exhaust pipe communicate directly with said first junction, and wherein said first end of said second exhaust pipe and said second end of said third exhaust pipe communicate directly with said second junction. .Iaddend. .Iadd.18. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 1 wherein said exhaust gas discharge means includes a first exhaust pipe having a first end and having a second end communicating with the atmosphere, a second exhaust pipe having a first end and having a second end communicating with the atmosphere, a third exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said first end of said first exhaust pipe and having a second end communicating with said first end of said second exhaust pipe, first exhaust conduit means for conducting exhaust gases from said first exhaust port to said first end of said first exhaust pipe and from said third exhaust port to said first end of said first exhaust pipe, and second exhaust conduit means for conducting exhaust gases from said second exhaust port to said first end of said second exhaust pipe and from said fourth exhaust port to said first end of said second exhaust 
     
     
        pipe. .Iaddend. .Iadd.19.  An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 18 wherein the flow length from said first exhaust port to said second end of said first exhaust pipe is equal to the flow length from said second exhaust port to said second end of said second exhaust pipe. .Iaddend. .Iadd.20. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 19 wherein the flow length from said third exhaust port to said second end of said first exhaust pipe is equal to the flow length from said fourth exhaust port to said second end of said second exhaust pipe. .Iaddend. .Iadd.21. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 19 wherein said first and second exhaust pipes have equal lengths. .Iaddend. .Iadd.22. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 18 wherein said first and second exhaust conduit means include first, second, third and fourth exhaust gas ducts having respective first ends communicating respectively with said first, second, third and fourth exhaust ports and having respective second ends, said second ends of said first and third ducts communicating with said first end of said first exhaust pipe and said second ends of said second and fourth ducts communicating with said first end of said second exhaust pipe. .Iaddend. 
     
     
        .Iadd.23.  An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 22 wherein said first and third ducts having equal lengths and said second and fourth ducts have equal lengths. .Iaddend. .Iadd.24. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 22 wherein said first and third ducts are completely separate, and wherein said second and fourth ducts are completely separate. .Iaddend. .Iadd.25. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 22 wherein said first, second, third and fourth 
     
     
        ducts all have equal lengths. .Iaddend. .Iadd.26.  A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising first, second, third, and fourth cylinders which sequentially fire in the stated series and at an even firing interval of 90° and which include respective first, second, third and fourth exhaust ports which open and close in response to piston movement, and an exhaust gas discharge means communicating with said exhaust ports, said exhaust gas discharge means including a first exhaust pipe having a first end and having a second end communicating with the atmosphere, a second exhaust pipe having a first end and having a second end communicating with the atmosphere, a third exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said first end of said first exhaust pipe and having a second end communicating with said first end of said second exhaust pipe, first exhaust conduit means for conducting exhaust gases from said first exhaust port to said first end of said first exhaust pipe and from said third exhaust port to said first end of said first exhaust pipe, and second exhaust conduit means for conducting exhaust gases from said second exhaust port to said first end of said second exhaust pipe and from said fourth exhaust port to said first end of said second exhaust 
     
     
        pipe. .Iaddend. .Iadd.27.  An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 26 wherein said first exhaust conduit means provides equal flow lengths from said first and third exhaust ports to said first end of said first exhaust pipe, and wherein said second exhaust conduit means provides equal flow lengths from said second and fourth exhaust ports to said first end of said second exhaust pipe. .Iaddend. .Iadd.28. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 26 wherein the flow length from said first exhaust port to said second end of said first exhaust pipe is equal to the flow length from said second exhaust port to said second end of said second exhaust pipe. .Iaddend. .Iadd.29. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 28 wherein the flow length from said third exhaust port to said second end of said first exhaust pipe is equal to the flow length from said fourth exhaust port to said second end of said second exhaust pipe. .Iaddend. .Iadd.30. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 19 wherein said first and second exhaust pipes have 
     
     
        equal lengths. .Iaddend. .Iadd.31.  An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 26 wherein said first and second exhaust conduit means include first, second, third and fourth exhaust gas ducts having respective first ends communicating respectively with said first, second, third and fourth exhaust ports and having respective second ends, said second ends of said first and third ducts communicating with said first end of said first exhaust pipe and said second ends of said second and fourth ducts communicating with said first end of said second exhaust pipe. .Iaddend. .Iadd.32. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 31 wherein said first and third ducts having equal lengths and second and fourth ducts have equal lengths. .Iaddend. .Iadd.33. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 31 wherein said first and third ducts are completely separate, and wherein said second and fourth ducts are completely separate. .Iaddend. .Iadd.34. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 31 wherein said first, second, 
     
     
        third and fourth ducts all have equal lengths. .Iaddend. .Iadd.35.  A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising first, second, third, and fourth cylinders which sequentially fire in the stated series and at an even firing interval of 90° and which include respective first, second, third and fourth exhaust ports which open and close in response to piston movement, and an exhaust gas discharge means communicating with said exhaust ports, said exhaust gas discharge means including a connecting exhaust pipe having opposite first and second ends and being open only at said opposite ends, a first exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said first port and having a second end communicating with said first end of said connecting pipe and with the atmosphere, a second exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said second port and having a second end communicating with said second end of said connecting pipe and with the atmosphere, a third exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said third port and having a second end communicating with said first end of said connecting pipe and with the atmosphere, and a fourth exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said fourth port and having a second end communicating with said second end of said connecting pipe and with the atmosphere. .Iaddend. 
     
     
        .Iadd.36.  An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 35 wherein said exhaust gas discharge means also includes a first discharge pipe communicating between said first end of said connecting pipe and the atmosphere, and a second discharge pipe communicating between said second end of said connecting pipe and the atmosphere. .Iaddend. .Iadd.37. A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising first, second, third and fourth cylinders which sequentially fire in the stated series and at an even firing internal of 90° and which include respective first, second, third and fourth exhaust ports which open and close in response to piston movement, and an exhaust gas discharge means communicating with said exhaust ports, said exhaust gas discharge means including a connecting exhaust pipe having opposite first and second ends and being open only at said opposite ends, said first end of said connecting pipe communicating with said first and third ports and said second end of said connecting pipe communicating with said second and fourth ports, and said exhaust gas discharge means also including a first discharge pipe communicating between said first end of said connecting pipe and the atmosphere, and a second discharge pipe communicating between said second 
     
     
        end of said connecting pipe and the atmosphere. .Iaddend. .Iadd.38.  A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising first and second cylinders which include respective first and second exhaust ports which open and close in response to piston movement, and an exhaust gas discharge means communicating with said exhaust ports, said exhaust gas discharge means including a first exhaust pipe having a first end and having a second end communicating with the atmosphere, a second exhaust pipe having a first end and having a second end communicating with the atmosphere, a third exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said first end of said first exhaust pipe and having a second end communicating with said first end of said second exhaust pipe, first exhaust conduit means for conducting exhaust gases from said first exhaust port to said first end of said first exhaust pipe, and second exhaust conduit means for conducting exhaust gases from said second exhaust port 
     
     
        to said first end of said second exhaust pipe. .Iaddend. .Iadd.39.  A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising first and second cylinders which include respective first and second exhaust ports which open and close in response to piston movement, and an exhaust gas discharge means communicating with said exhaust ports, said exhaust gas discharge means including a connecting exhaust pipe having opposite first and second ends and being open only at said opposite ends, a first exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said first port and having a second end communicating with said first end of said connecting pipe and with the atmosphere, and a second exhaust pipe having a first end communicating with said second port and having a second end communicating with said second end of said connecting pipe and with the atmosphere. 
     
     
        .Iaddend. .Iadd.40.  A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising first and second cylinders which include respective first and second exhaust ports which open and close in response to piston movement, and an exhaust gas discharge means communicating with said exhaust ports, said exhaust gas discharge means including a connecting exhaust pipe having opposite first and second ends and being open only at said opposite ends, said first end of said connecting pipe communicating with said first port and said second end of said connecting pipe communicating with said second port, and said exhaust gas discharge means also including a first discharge pipe communicating between said first end of said connecting pipe and the atmosphere, and a second discharge pipe communicating between said second end of said connecting pipe and the atmosphere. .Iaddend.