Symmetrical fault current detector

Abstract

Excess currents due to faults in an electrical power system are generally larger than excess currents due to the magnetization of distribution transformers. Discrimination has hitherto relied on a threshold detector. Magnetizing currents are, however, asymmetrical, whereas fault currents are symmetrical. A detects symmetrical current waveforms on a conductor 1 and thus discriminates between a fault and a magnetizing excess current. A resistor 4, placed across the output terminals of a bridge rectifier 3 has a resistance selected so that the voltage across it exceeds the breakdown voltage of trigger diodes 7 and 8 when the current in conductor 1, in any half cycle, exceeds a desired maximum. Capacitors 13 and 14 will thus only both charge up in response to excessive symmetrical current. A logic control 23 is connected via lines 21 and 22 to detect such a condition.

We claim: 
     
       1. A fault current detector comprising: current transformer means adapted to be inductively coupled to an alternating current power line to provide a signal representative of current flowing in the alternating current power line; and   means responsive to the signal to provide a fault current indication if the alternating current flow represented by the signal exceeds a predetermined threshold in each polarity but not to provide the fault current indication if the alternating current flow exceeds the predetermined threshold in only one polarity.Iadd., said means responsive to the signal being independently responsive to the alternating current flow in half-cycles of respective polarity of the alternating current flow to provide a respective indication of the flow in each polarity exceeding the predetermined threshold and comprising a full wave rectifier for rectifying the output signal of the current transformer means, a resistance connected across the output terminals of the rectifier and a respective threshold switch connected to each input terminal of the rectifier and arranged to be triggered in response to the voltage between the respective input terminal and a common output terminal of the rectifier exceeding the predetermined threshold voltage.Iaddend.. .[.2. A detector as claim in claim 1 wherein said means responsive to the signal is independently responsive to the alternating current flow in half-cycles of respective polarity of the alternating current flow to provide a respective indication of the flow in each polarity exceeding the predetermined threshold..]. .[.3. A detector as claimed in claim 2 wherein said means responsive to said signal comprises a full wave rectifier for rectifying the output signal of the current transformer means, a resistance connected across the output terminals of the rectifier and a respective threshold switch connected to each input terminal of the rectifier and arranged to be triggered in response to the voltage between the respective input terminal and a common output terminal of the rectifier exceeding the predetermined threshold voltage..]. .[.4. A method of detecting a fault current in a power line carrying an alternating current comprising:   monitoring both polarities of the alternating current in the power line; and   initiating a fault current indication in response to the monitoring of current above a threshold level in each polarity of the alternating current but not in response to the monitoring of current above the threshold in only one polarity..]. .Iadd.5. A detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the respective threshold switches comprises a series connection of a bi-directional trigger diode, a second diode, and a capacitor, and said respective threshold switches are connected by a common line to the common output terminal of the rectifier. .Iaddend.   
     
     
        .Iadd.6.  A detector as claimed in claim 5, wherein said means responsive to said signal further comprises means for discharging the capacitors to reset the detector. .Iaddend. .Iadd.7. A detector as claimed in claim 5, wherein said means responsive to said signal further comprises respective output lines from the capacitors for supplying logic signals representative of the state of charge of the respective capacitors to a control logic unit adapted to monitor the logic state on said output lines, to provide a fault indication only if both of said output lines are in states indicative of excessive current excursions in both polarities of the supply waveform. .Iaddend. .Iadd.8. A detector as claimed in claim 7, wherein said means responsive to said signal further comprises means for discharging the capacitors to reset the detector. .Iadd.9. A detector as claimed in claim 7, wherein said means responsive to said signal further comprises respective diodes connected to said capacitor, a second resistance, and a power field effect transistor coupled by said second resistance to both said respective diodes and responsive to a reset signal from the control logic unit to become conducting, thereby to discharge both said respective capacitors via said respective diodes and said 
     
     
        resistor. .Iaddend. .Iadd.10.  A detector as claimed in claim 9, wherein the control logic unit is arranged to respond to a signal on only one of said respective output lines, indicating an excessive current of only one polarity, by generating a reset signal on said reset line. .Iaddend.