Steam quality meter

Abstract

A meter measures the quality of steam flowing in a conduit. The steam comprises a liquid and a vapor. The meter includes a mixer in the conduit for mixing the steam in the conduit to produce a mixture which has a density representative of the liquid and the vapor. A density sensor, or desitometer, senses the density of the mixture. The densitomer produces an improved output due to the mixing. A pressure sensor senses pressure in the steam line. A calculating means, such as a microprocessor system, calculates the steam quality as a function of the sensed density and pressure.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A meter for measuring the quality of steam flowing in a conduit having a conduit wall, the steam comprising liquid and vapor, the meter comprising: mixing means disposed in the conduit for mixing the steam in the conduit to produce a mixture thereof having a density representative of the liquid and vapor flowing in the conduit, said mixing means including a diffuser for gradually decreasing the velocity of the mixture;   density sensing means coupled to the conduit for sensing the density of the mixture downstream from the diffuser such that the sensed density is an improved representation of steam density;   pressure sensing means coupled to the conduit for measuring a steam pressure in the conduit;   calculating means coupled to the density sensing means and pressure sensing means for calculating the steam quality as a function of the sensed density and pressure and for providing an output representative of steam quality.   
     
     
       2. The meter of claim 1 wherein a portion of the liquid flows substantially along the conduit wall and the mixing means mixes the liquid with the steam. 
     
     
       3. The meter of claim 1 wherein the mixing means includes means coupled to the fluid for accelerating the flow for mixing. 
     
     
       4. The meter of claim 3 wherein the mixing means introduces a pressure change along the conduit and the diffuser decelerates the mixed flow such that the pressure change is reduced. 
     
     
       5. The meter of claim 4 wherein the diffuser comprises means disposed in the conduit having an inlet substantially smaller than the conduit for receiving the flow, and having an outlet larger than the inlet and spaced away from the inlet for discharging the mixed flow, and having a wall diverging from the inlet to the outlet. 
     
     
       6. The meter of claim 5 wherein the wall defines a substantially smooth passageway diverging at an angle from the conduit axis such that the flow passes therethrough with a reduced turbulence. 
     
     
       7. The meter of claim 6 wherein the wall has a substantially frustoconical shape. 
     
     
       8. The meter of claim 7 wherein the angle is between one degree and ten degrees. 
     
     
       9. The meter of claim 8 wherein the angle is substantially four degrees. 
     
     
       10. The meter of claim 3 wherein the acceleration means comprises a flow restriction disposed in the conduit defining an opening therethrough for accelerating the fluid to a desired velocity. 
     
     
       11. An apparatus for mixing fluid flowing in a conduit, the fluid comprising a liquid phase and a vapor phase, the apparatus comprising: restriction means disposed in the conduit for receiving the fluid and having an orifice therethrough for accelerating the fluid to a selected velocity for mixing the liquid phase and the vapor phase;   diffuser means disposed in the conduit and extending from the orifice to a diffuser opening spaced away from the orifice for diffusing the mixed fluid, the diffuser having a wall diverging from the orifice to the diffuser opening; and   density sensing means disposed on the conduit for sensing the density of the mixture, the density sensing means sensing density in a selected region in the conduit spaced downstream from the diffuser opening such that the liquid and vapor phases are substantially mixed in the selected region over a range of fluid flow. .Iadd.   
     
     
       12.  An apparatus for mixing fluid flowing in a conduit having a transverse dimension, the fluid comprising a liquid phase and a vapor phase, the apparatus comprising: restriction means disposed in the conduit for receiving the fluid and having an orifice therethrough for accelerating the fluid to a selected velocity for mixing the liquid phase and the vapor phase;   diffuser means disposed in the conduit and extending from the orifice to a diffuser opening spaced away from the orifice a distance substantially greater than the transverse dimension of the conduit for diffusing the mixed fluid, the diffuser having a wall diverging from the orifice to the diffuser opening and the wall of the diffuser terminating closely adjacent an inner surface of the conduit to avoid turbulence; and   sensing means disposed on the conduit for sensing a parameter of the mixture, the sensing means sensing such parameter of the fluid in a selected region in the conduit spaced downstream from the diffuser opening such that the liquid and vapor phases are substantially mixed in the selected region over a range of flow. .Iaddend. .Iadd.13. An apparatus for thoroughly mixing different phases of a flowable material mixture comprising such phases flowing in a conduit in direction along a longitudinal axis of said conduit, the flowing material comprising at least two of a liquid phase, a vapor phase and a solid phase of the material, the apparatus comprising:   restriction means disposed in the conduit for receiving the material mixture flowing in the conduit along a longitudinal axis and comprising a member having a surface generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the conduit and having a generally axially centered orifice therethrough of substantially smaller size than the conduit for accelerating the mixture flowing in the conduit to a selected velocity for mixing the two phases of the mixture; and   diffuser means disposed in the conduit and extending from the orifice on a downstream side of the orifice to a diffuser opening spaced away from the orifice a distance substantially greater than a transverse dimension of the conduit in direction perpendicular to the conduit axis for diffusing the mixture exiting the orifice, the diffuser having a wall diverging from the orifice to the diffuser opening and the wall of the diffuser at the outlet opening being closer adjacent an inner surface of the conduit, the diffuser having a smooth interior surface and providing substantially the same cross sectional slope relative to the longitudinal axis of the conduit at substantially any plane perpendicular to the axis of the   
     
     
        conduit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.14.  The apparatus of claim 13 and sensing means disposed in the conduit for sensing a parameter of the phases of the mixture, the sensing means sensing such parameter of the mixture in a selected region in the conduit spaced downstream from the diffuser opening, such that the phases of the mixture are substantially homogeneously mixed in the selected region over a range of flow. .Iaddend. .Iadd.15. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said restriction means comprises a member having a surface positioned substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow through the conduit, and having the orifice substantially on a central axis of the conduit, the orifice being substantially smaller than the conduit to provide an abrupt change in flow cross section. .Iaddend.