Coordinate measuring and testing machine

Abstract

Multi-coordinate measuring and testing machine which is essentially constituted from a fundamental machine unit, a scanning or sensing system which is movable in at least two coordinate directions, and a machine-controlling unit. The scanning or sensing system is constructed as a multi-sensor system and is constituted from a mechanical sensing head or probe with at least one stylus and/or a video scanner and/or a laser scanner which are controlled from a microprocessor and operate independently of each other, and which are selectively either individually actuatable by means of software connected thereto, or can be coupled to each other in a dual or triple combination.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. Multi-coordinate measuring and testing installation, comprising a fundamental machine unit; a scanning system .Iadd.mounted upon said fundamental machine unit and .Iaddend.movable in at least two coordinate directions; and a machine control unit .Iadd.for inputting commands for controlling operation of said scanning system.Iaddend., said scanning system being a multi-sensor scanning system constituted of a mechanical probe having at least one sensing stylus, a video scanner and a laser scanner; a microprocessor .Iadd.interconnected with said machine control unit .Iaddend.for controlling said sensing stylus and .[.scanner.]. .Iadd.scanners .Iaddend.so as to be operable independently of each other and being selectively actuatable .[.along.]. .Iadd.alone .Iaddend.through software or coupleable to each other in a dual or triple operative combination, said video scanner and the laser scanner being arranged on a common beam path for detecting the same measuring point on a workpiece. 
     
     
       2. An installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein a single said software is provided for the actuation of the entire multi-sensor scanning system. 
     
     
       3. An installation as claimed in claim 1, comprising two spindles movable in a Z-coordinate direction, one said spindle mounting the mechanical probe having sensing styl; and said other spindle mounting said video scanner and said laser scanner. 
     
     
       4. An installation as claimed in claim 3, wherein said spindles are arranged on a common measuring carriage. 
     
     
       5. .[.Am.]. .Iadd.An .Iaddend.installation as claimed in claim 3, wherein a measuring carriage is provided for each said spindle, said spindles being movable in synchronism and also separately of each other in selectively the same or different coordinate directions. 
     
     
       6. An installation as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein said laser scanner is employable in a scanning operation and also in autofocus. 
     
     
       7. An installation as claimed in claim 6, wherein said laser scanner during scanning operation non-contactingly follows the surface contour of a workpiece being measured at a constant distance therefrom along the X and Y-coordinate directions, said laser scanning system comprising .[.two.]. .Iadd.first and second .Iaddend.interlinked closed control circuits, .[.a.]. .Iadd.said .Iaddend.first .[.said.]. control circuit determining the transmitting power of the laser relative to the reflective characteristics of the workpiece and in dependence upon a receiving signal in a receiver controlling a transmission signal in a transmitter, and .[.the.]..Iadd.said .Iaddend.second .[.said superimposed.]. control circuit controlling the continual follow-up of the measuring carriage and spindle in the Z-direction into an optimum focusing plane. 
     
     
       8. An installation as claimed in claim 7, wherein said receiver includes differentiating diodes for generating a differential signal in conformance with the focusing setting of a lens, said Z-axis being automatically positioned through a linear amplifier and servomotor into the focusing plane. 
     
     
       9. An installation as claimed in claim 7, wherein said measuring carriage and spindle for the Z-axis includes a measuring system with a glass measuring rod, and the present position of elevation is conveyed to a main computer. 
     
     
       10. An installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the video scanner receives measuring points along the external contour of the workpiece said measuring points being determined by a digitalized picture of a respective segment of the workpiece which is generated by a video processor, the contours of said workpiece being determinable along the X and Y-coordinates through edge tracing routines in the digitalized picture, and the measuring points in the Z-direction being formed with a focusing means and the camera picture or a high-precision laser focusing system. 
     
     
       11. An installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mechanical probe is selectively a switching or a measuring probe. 
     
     
       12. An installation as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the fundamental machine unit comprises a portal-like gantry structure having a solid base, selectively including a measuring turntable for receiving the workpiece, and a cross-carrier supporting the measuring carriage for the spindles for longitudinal displacement thereon in a direction of travel at right angles or equally directed relative to said gantry structure, said measuring carriage or carriages and the spindle or spindles being controllable from a control panel and the obtained results of measurement being recordable on a picture screen of a display unit or selectively on a printer. .Iadd. 
     
     
       13.  Multi-coordinate measuring and testing installation, comprising a fundamental machine unit; a scanning system mounted upon said fundamental machine unit and movable in at least two coordinate directions; and a machine control unit for inputting commands for controlling operation of said scanning system, said scanning system being a multi-sensor scanning system consisting of a mechanical probe having at least one sensing stylus, and a non-contacting scanner selected from the class comprising a video scanner and a laser scanner; a microprocessor interconnected with said machine control unit for controlling said sensing stylus and said non-contacting scanner so as to be operable independently of each other and being selectively actuatable alone through software or coupleable to each other in a dual operative combination. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 
     
     
       14.  An installation as claimed in claim 13, wherein a single said software is provided for the actuation of the entire multi-sensor scanning system. .Iaddend. .Iadd.15. An installation as claimed in claim 13, comprising two spindles movable in a Z-coordinate direction, one said spindle mounting said mechanical probe having said sensing stylus; and said other spindle mounting said non-contacting scanner. .Iaddend. .Iadd.16. An installation as claimed in claim 15, wherein said spindles are arranged on a common measuring carriage. .Iaddend. .Iadd.17. An installation as claimed in claim 15, wherein a measuring carriage is provided for each said spindle, said spindles being movable in synchronism and also separately of each other in selectively the same or different coordinate directions. 
     
     
        .Iaddend. .Iadd.18.  An installation as claimed in claim 16 or 17, wherein said non-contacting scanner is a laser scanner, said laser scanner being employable in a scanning operation and also in autofocus. .Iaddend. .Iadd.19. An installation as claimed in claim 18, wherein said laser scanner during scanning operation non-contactingly follows the surface contour of a workpiece being measured at a constant distance therefrom along the X and Y-coordinate directions, said laser scanning system comprising first and second interlinked closed control circuits, said first control circuit determining the transmitting power of the laser relative to the reflective characteristics of the workpiece and in dependence upon a receiving signal in a receiver controlling a transmission signal in a transmitter, and said second control circuit controlling the continual follow-up of the measuring carriage and spindle in the Z-direction into an optimum focusing plane. .Iaddend. .Iadd.20. An installation as claimed in claim 19, wherein said receiver includes differentiating diodes for generating a differential signal in conformance with the focusing setting of a lens, said Z-axis being automatically positioned through a liner amplifier and servomotor into the focusing plane. .Iaddend. .Iadd.21. An installation as claimed in claim 20, wherein said measuring carriage and spindle for the Z-axis includes a measuring system with a glass measuring rod, and the present position of elevation 
     
     
        is conveyed to a main computer. .Iaddend. .Iadd.22.  An installation as claimed in claim 13, wherein said non-contacting scanner is a video scanner, said video scanner receiving measuring points along the external contour of the workpiece said measuring points being determined by a digitalized picture of a respective segment of the workpiece which is generated by a video processor, the contours of said workpiece being determinable along the X and Y-coordinates through edge tracing routines in the digitalized picture, and the measuring points in the Z-direction being formed with a focusing means and the camera picture or a high-precision laser focusing system. .Iaddend. .Iadd.23. An installation as claimed in claim 13, wherein said mechanical probe is selectively a switching or a measuring probe. .Iaddend. .Iadd.24. An installation as claimed in claim 16 or 17, wherein the fundamental machine unit comprises a portal-like gantry structure having a solid base, selectively including a measuring turntable for receiving the workpiece, and a crosscarrier supporting the measuring carriage for the spindles for longitudinal displacement thereon in a direction of travel at right angles or equally directed relative to said gantry structure, said measuring carriage or carriages and the spindle or spindles being controllable from a control panel and the obtained results of measurement being recordable on a picture screen of a display unit or selectively on a printer. .Iaddend. 
     
     
        .Iadd.25.  Multi-coordinate measuring and testing installation, comprising a fundamental machine unit; a scanning system mounted upon said fundamental machine unit and movable in at least two coordinate directions; and a machine control unit for inputting commands for controlling operation of said scanning system, said scanning system being a multi-sensor scanning system consisting of a video scanner and a laser scanner; a microprocessor interconnected with said machine control unit for controlling said video scanner and said laser scanner so as to be operable independently of each other and being selectively actuatable alone through software of coupleable to each other in a dual operative combination; said video scanner and said laser scanner being arranged on a common beam path for detecting the same measuring point on a workpiece. 
     
     
        .Iaddend. .Iadd.26.  An installation as claimed in claim 25, wherein a single said software is provided for the actuation of the entire multi-sensor scanning system. .Iaddend. .Iadd.27. An installation as claimed in claim 25, comprising a spindle movable in a Z-coordinate direction, said spindle mounting said video scanner and said laser scanner. .Iaddend. .Iadd.28. An installation as claimed in claim 27, wherein said laser scanner is employable in a scanning operation and also 
     
     
        in autofocus. .Iaddend. .Iadd.29.  An installation as claimed in claim 28, further comprising a measuring carriage, said spindle being mounted on said measuring carriage, wherein said laser scanner during scanning operation non-contactingly follows the surface contour of a workpiece being measured at a constant distance therefrom along the X and Y-coordinate directions, said laser scanning system comprising first and second interlinked closed control circuits, said first control circuit determining the transmitting power of the laser relative to the reflective characteristics of the workpiece and in dependence upon a receiving signal in a receiver controlling a transmission signal in a transmitter, and said second control circuit controlling the continual follow-up of the measuring carriage and spindle in the Z-direction into an optimum focusing 
     
     
        plane. .Iaddend. .Iadd.30.  An installation as claimed in claim 29, wherein said receiver includes differentiating diodes for generating a differential signal in conformance with the focusing setting of a lens, said Z-axis being automatically positioned through a liner amplifier and servomotor into the focusing plane. .Iaddend. .Iadd.31. An installation as claimed in claim 30, wherein said measuring carriage and spindle for the Z-axis includes a measuring system with a glass measuring rod, and the present position of elevation is conveyed to a main computer. .Iaddend. .Iadd.32. An installation as claimed in claim 29, wherein the fundamental machine unit comprises a portal-like gantry structure having a solid base, selectively including a measuring turntable for receiving the workpiece, and a cross-carrier supporting the measuring carriage for the spindles for longitudinal displacement thereon in a direction of travel at right angles or equally directed relative to said gantry structure, said measuring carriage or carriages, said spindle being controllable from a control panel and the obtained results of measurement being recordable on a picture screen of a display unit or selectively on a printer. .Iaddend.