Environmental control system for poultry houses

Abstract

Method and apparatus for controlling environmental conditions in an animal house, and particularly in a poultry house, for producing maximum economic return. The static parameters of the house are determined, and thereafter continuous measurements are made of current inside and outside temperatures. The operator makes periodic assessments of litter condition in the house, and adjusts the target 24-hour average relative humidity to produce the desired litter condition. The system controls the heating and ventilation system to obtain the desired 24-hour average relative humidity while maintaining the optimum temperature conditions in the house for maximum economic return.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method of controlling environmental conditions in an animal enclosure having litter material on the floor thereof, to provide a maximum economic return from the growth of animals housed therein, said enclosure including a plurality of controllable ventilation fans and a plurality of controllable heaters, comprising: determining the static parameters of the animal enclosure including size and thermal characteristics;   determining the number and type of animals to be housed in said enclosure;   determining current values of variable parameters, including current weight, heat production, air infiltration, prices of fuel, feed, electricity, and market value of animals;   assessing qualitatively the relative moisture content of the animal enclosure litter to determine whether the litter is too dry or too wet;   establishing a target relative humidity value in response to said qualitative assessment;   measuring the exterior air temperature near said enclosure to establish a dew point temperature;   measuring the interior air temperature within said enclosure;   determining, from said measured exterior temperature, dew point temperature, and target humidity, for each of a plurality of feasible interior temperatures, the ventilation rate VT required to maintain that feasible interior temperature, the ventilation rate VH required to maintain air relative humidity at a control interval value which will achieve a 24-hour average relative humidity at said target value; the expected animal growth feed consumption and operating costs at that temperature; and   selecting and maintaining the one of said feasible interior temperatures which will produce the maximum economic return for the animals in said enclosure.   
     
     
       2. The method of claim 1, further including operating enclosure ventilating fans and heaters in accordance with the values determined for the selected interior temperature, said system operating to select the rate VH whenever VH is equal to or greater than VT, and selecting the rate VT whenever VT exceeds VH. 
     
     
       3. The method of claim 2, further including the step of activating a sufficient number of ventilating fans in said enclosure to attain the selected ventilation rate. 
     
     
       4. The method of claim 3, further including activating said ventilating fans in sequence. 
     
     
       5. The method of claim 2, further including the step of activating a sufficient number of heaters to maintain the interior temperature of said enclosure when VH exceeds VT. 
     
     
       6. The method of claim 2, further including the step of determining a 24-hour average relative humidity value for air inside said enclosure; periodically comparing said target relative humidity to said 24-hour average relative humidity and determining the difference therebetween; and   
     
     
       establishing said ventilation rate VH at a value which will produce a very high relative humidity within said enclosure as long as the current 24-hour running average relative humidity is less than said target relative humidity. 
     
     
       7. The method of claim 2, wherein the steps of determining the ventilation rates VT and VH for feasible temperatures and of selecting one of said ventilation rates are repeated at regular short control intervals. 
     
     
       8. The method of claim 7, wherein the qualitative assessment of the relative moisture content of said litter and the establishment of a target relative humidity value are performed periodically. 
     
     
       9. The method of claim 7, further including determining, from the selected ventilation rate an anticipated interior air temperature; comparing the anticipated interior air temperature with said measured interior air temperature to obtain a difference temperature;   correcting individual fan delivery rates to reduce said difference temperature; and   providing an alarm if said difference temperature exceeds a predetermined value. .Iadd.   
     
     
       10.  A method of controlling environmental conditions in an animal enclosure to provide a maximum economic return from the growth of animals housed therein, said enclosure including at least one controllable ventilation fan and at least one controllable heater, comprising: determining the configuration and thermal characteristics of the animal enclosure;   determining the number and type of animals to be housed in said enclosure;   determining current values of variable parameters, including current weight, heat production and market value of animals in said enclosure, air infiltration into said enclosure, and prices of fuel, electricity and feed;   determining, for each of a plurality of feasible interior temperatures, a ventilation rate VT required to maintain that feasible interior temperature which, when combined with the said enclosure configuration, thermal characteristics and variable parameters, will result in the maximum economic return;   selecting and maintaining the one of said feasible interior temperatures which will produce the maximum economic return for animals in said enclosure by operation of at least one of said ventilation device and said heater, to effect the ventilation rate VT, within said enclosure which will result in the maximum economic return. .Iaddend. .Iadd.   
     
     
       11.  The method of claim 10, further including: assessing qualitatively the current conditions of variable parameters including moisture conditions in the enclosure; determining, for each of a plurality of feasible interior relative humidities, a moisture ventilation rate VH required to maintain that feasible interior relative humidity which, when combined with the said enclosure configuration, thermal characteristics and variable parameters, will result in the desired moisture conditions within the enclosure; and   selecting and maintaining the one of said feasible interior relative humidities which will produce the desired relative moisture conditions for the animals in said enclosure by operation to at least one of said ventilation device and said heater, to produce the required moisture ventilation rate VH. .Iaddend. .Iadd.12. Method of claim 11, further comprising:   assessing qualitatively a relative moisture condition of the enclosure floor and any covering material within said animal enclosure, to determine if said floor or covering material is too dry or too wet;   establishing a target relative humidity value in response to said qualitative assessment;   determining, for said target humidity, for each of a plurality of feasible interior temperatures and for each of a plurality of feasible interior relative humidities, the ventilation rate VT and the moisture ventilation rate VH required to maintain that feasible interior temperature and that feasible interior relative humidity which, when combined with the said enclosure configuration, thermal characteristics and variable parameters, will result in the maximum economic return;   selecting and maintaining the one of said feasible interior temperatures and the one of said feasible interior relative humidities which will produce the maximum economic return for the animals in said enclosure by operation of at least one of said ventilation device and said heater, to effect the ventilation rate VT and the moisture ventilation rate VH, within said enclosure which will result in the maximum economic return. .Iadd.13. A method of controlling environmental conditions in an animal enclosure to provide a maximum economic return from the growth of animals housed therein, said enclosure including at least one controllable ventilation device, comprising:   determining the configuration and thermal characteristics of the animal enclosure;   determining the number and type of animals to be housed in said enclosure;   determining current values of variable parameters, including current weight, heat production and market value of animals in said enclosure, air infiltration into said enclosure, and prices of electricity and feed;   determining, for each of a plurality of feasible interior temperatures, a ventilation rate VT required to maintain that feasible interior temperature which, when combined with the said enclosure configuration, thermal characteristics and variable parameters, will result in the maximum economic return;   selecting and maintaining the one of said feasible interior temperatures which will produce the maximum economic return for animals in said enclosure by selective operation of said ventilation device, to effect the ventilation rate VT within said enclosure which will result in the maximum economic return. .Iaddend.