Remotely controllable circuit breaker

Abstract

An improved remotely controllable circuit breaker comprises a manually operable switching mechanism for opening and closing a single set of first and second contacts, a trip mechanism for opening the contacts upon occurrence of predetermined overload current conditions, and a remotely controllable switching mechanism for selectively opening and closing the contacts in response to a control signal remote from the breaker. The manually operable switching mechanism includes a movable contact arm carrying the first contact to be brought into and out of contacting engagement with the second contact by manipulation of a manual handle. The second contact is operatively connected to the remotely controllable switching mechanism to be driven thereby for movement between an operative position where the second contact is engageable with the first contact and an inoperative position where it is prohibited from being engaged with the first contact independently of the position of the first contact. Accordingly, the remotely controllable mechanism can be entirely isolated from the manually operable switching mechanism when the former is responsive to the remote control signal for bringing the second contact into its inoperative position.

What is claimed is: .[. 
     
       1.  A remotely controllable circuit breaker comprising in combination: a single set of first and second contacts;   a manually operable switching mechanism for opening and closing the contacts, said manual switching mechanism including a manual handle movable between an ON position and OFF position and including a movable arm carrying the first contact which arm is operatively connected to the manual handle to be actuated thereby between an ON condition and an OFF condition for bringing the first contact into and out of contacting engagement with the second contact;   a trip mechanism operatively connected to the manually operable switching mechanism so as to open the contacts upon the occurrence of predetermined fault current conditions flowing through the breaker;   a remotely controllable switching mechanism for forcibly opening and closing the contacts in response to a remote control signal;   said second contact being movable between an operative position where it is in electrical contacting engagement with the first contact of the movable arm in the ON condition and an inoperative position where it is away from the first contact independently of the conditions of the movable contact arm; and   said second contact being operatively connected to said remotely controllable switching mechanism in such a way as to be moved from between the operative and the inoperative positions by the latter receiving the remote control signal..]. .[.2. A remotely controllable circuit breaker as set forth in claim 1, wherein said remotely controllable switching mechanism is a polarized electromagnetic with permanent magnet means and an armature operatively connected to said second contact for movement thereof, said permanent magnet means attracting the armature in the direction of moving the second contact to its operative position, and said electromagnet being connected to be energized responsive to the remote control signal for actuating the armature in the direction of moving the second contact to its inoperative position upon magnetizing the armature to having the flux thereof opposing and overpowering the magnetic flux of   
     
     
        the permanent magnet means..]. 3. A remotely controllable circuit breaker .[.as set forth in claim 2.]., .Iadd.comprising in combination: a single set of first and second contacts;   a manually operable switching mechanism for opening and closing the contacts, said manual switching mechanism including a manual handle movable between an ON position and OFF position and including a movable arm carrying the first contact which arm is operatively connected to the manual handle to be actuated thereby between an ON condition and an OFF condition for bringing the first contact into and out of an operative position for electrical contacting engagement with the second contact;   a trip mechanism operatively connected to the manually operable switching mechanism so as to open the contacts upon the occurrence of predetermined fault current conditions flowing through the breaker;   a remotely controllable switching mechanism for driving the second contact to forcibly open the contacts in response to a remote control signal;   said second contact being movable between the operative position where it is in a position for electrical contacting engagement with the first contact of the movable arm in the ON condition and an inoperative position where the second contact is away from said operative position; means for prohibiting the first contact from contacting the second contact when said second contact is away from said operative position independently of the manipulation of the manual switching mechanism; and   said second contact being operatively connected to said remotely controllable switching mechanism in such a way as to be movable from the operative to the inoperative positions by the remotely controllable switching mechanism receiving the remote control signal; .Iaddend.   wherein said .Iadd.remotely controllable switching mechanism is a .Iaddend.polarized electromagnet .[.is.]. of monostable type .[.which allows the armature to be stable only at the position of keeping the second contact at its operative position so that the armature is attracted by the permanent magnet to move the second contact into the operative position upon deenergization of the electromagnet.]. .Iadd.with permanent magnet means and an armature operatively connected to said second contact for movement thereof, said permanent magnet means attracting the armature in the direction of moving the second contact to its operative position and keeping the second contact at its operative position upon the deenergization of the electromagnet, and said electromagnet being connected to be energized responsive to the remote control signal for actuating the armature in the direction of moving the second contact into its operative position upon magnetizing the armature to have the flux of opposing and overpowering the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet means.Iaddend.. .[.4. A remotely controllable circuit breaker as set forth in claim 2, wherein said polarized electromagnetic is of monostable type which allows the armature to be stable only at the position of keeping the second contact at its inoperative position so that the armature is attracted by the permanent magnet to move the second contact into the   
     
     
        inoperative position upon deenergization of the electromagnet..]. 5. A remotely controllable circuit breaker .[.as set forth in claim 2.]., .Iadd.comprising in combination: a single set of first and second contacts;   a manually operable switching mechanism for opening and closing the contacts, said manual switching mechanism including a manual handle movable between an ON position and OFF position and including a movable arm carrying the first contact which arm is operatively connected to the manual handle to be actuated thereby between an ON condition and an OFF condition for bringing the first contact into and out of an operative position for electrical contacting engagement with the second contact;   a trip mechanism operatively connected to the manually operable switching mechanism so as to open the contacts upon the occurrence of predetermined fault current conditions flowing through the breaker;   a remotely controllable switching mechanism for driving the second contact to forcibly open the contacts in response to a remote control signal;   said second contact being movable between the operative position where it is in a position for electrical contacting engagement with the first contact of the movable arm in the ON condition and an inoperative position where the second contact is away from said operative position; means for prohibiting the first contact from contacting the second contact when said second contact is away from said operative position independently of the manipulation of the manual switching mechanism; and   said second contact being operatively connected to said remotely controllable switching mechanism in such a way as to be movable from the operative to the inoperative positions by the remotely controllable switching mechanism receiving the remote control signal; .Iaddend.   wherein said .Iadd.remotely controllable switching mechanism is a .Iaddend.polarized electromagnet .[.is.]. of bistable type .[.which allows the armature to be stable both at the positions of keeping the second contact at the operative position and at the inoperative position.]. .Iadd.with permanent magnet means and an armature operatively connected to said second contact for movement thereof, said permanent magnet means keeping the armature and the second contact in both of its operative and inoperative positions, and said electromagnet being connected to be energized responsive to the remote control signal for actuating the armature in the direction of moving the second contact selectively into its inoperative position and its operative position upon magnetizing the armature to have the flux of opposing and overpowering the magnetic flux   
     
     
        of the permanent magnet means.Iaddend.. 6. A remotely controllable circuit breaker .[.as set forth in claim 2.]., .Iadd.comprising in combination: a single set of first and second contacts;   a manually operable switching mechanism for opening and closing the contacts, said manual switching mechanism including a manual handle movable between an ON position and OFF position and including a movable arm carrying the first contact which arm is operatively connected to the manual handle to be actuated thereby between an ON condition and an OFF condition for bringing the first contact into and out of an operative position for electrical contacting engagement with the second contact;   a trip mechanism operatively connected to the manually operable switching mechanism so as to open the contacts upon the occurrence of predetermined fault current conditions flowing through the breaker;   a remotely controllable switching mechanism for forcibly opening and closing the contacts in response to a remote control signal;   said second contact being movable between an operative position where it is in a position for electrical contacting engagement with the first contact of the movable arm in the ON condition and an inoperative position where it is prohibited from being engaged with the first contact independently of the manipulation of the manual switching mechanism;   said second contact being operatively connected to said remotely controllable switching mechanism in such a way as to be movable between the operative to the inoperative positions by the latter receiving the remote control signal; .Iaddend..Iadd..[.wherein.]..Iaddend. said polarized electromagnet includes the armature which is axially movable and operatively connected to said second contact for movement thereof between the operative and inoperative positions, a winding surrounding the armature, first and second U-shaped yokes mounted against the opposite sides of the winding with the central portion of each yoke in parallel relation with the length of the armature, and the permanent magnet means disposed between the center portions of the first and second yokes to polarize them in opposite polarity.[.,.]..Iadd.; .Iaddend.   the legs of the first yoke extending over the longitudinal ends of the armature at positions axially outwardly thereof to define individual outer pole members.[.,.]..Iadd.; .Iaddend.   the legs of the second yoke extending over the longitudinal ends of the winding at positions axially outwardly thereof but inwardly of said outer pole members to define individual inner pole members which are cooperative with the adjacent outer pole pieces to form therebetween respective air gaps within which the longitudinal ends of the armature are positioned, whereby the armature is driven to move in a direction of overlaying the permanent magnet flux and the excitation flux upon energization of the winding and is kept in at least one stable position upon deenergization of the winding at which stable position the armature completes the magnetic flux path of the permanent magnet means with the longitudinal ends thereof in close proximity relation to the adjacent outer and inner pole members,   
     
     
        respectively. 7. A remotely controllable circuit breaker as set forth in .[.claim 1.]. .Iadd.either claim 3 or 5.Iaddend., wherein said manually operative switching mechanism includes an over-center action spring which effects opening and closing of the contacts in quick-break, quick-make 
     
     
        fashion. 8. A remotely controllable circuit breaker as set forth in .[.claim 1.]. .Iadd.either claim 3 or 5.Iaddend., wherein said manually operable switching mechanism includes a linkage interconnecting the movable handle and the movable contact arm, a biasing spring for biasing the linkage in the direction of moving the movable contact arm into the OFF condition and permitting it to effect closing of the contacts in delayed-make fashion in response to manipulation of the manual handle, and latch means connecting the linkage to said trip mechanism such that it retains linkage to hold the movable contact arm at its ON condition against the force of the biasing spring when the linkage is manipulated by the manual handle to move the movable contact arm into such condition and that it unlatches the linkage upon the actuation of the trip mechanism to release the movable contact arm from the ON condition to the OFF condition 
     
     
        in quick-break fashion by the action of the biasing spring. 9. A remotely controllable circuit breaker as set forth in .[.claim 1.]. .Iadd.either claim 3 or 5.Iaddend., wherein said second contact is held on a contact carrier having a first pivot axis for rotation thereabout and a second pivot axis connected to the output of the remotely controllable switching mechanism so that the contact carrier is driven thereby to move the second contact between the operative and inoperative positions along a circular 
     
     
        path about the first pivot axis. 10. A remotely controllable circuit breaker as set forth in .[.claim 1.]. .Iadd.either claim 3 or 5.Iaddend., wherein said second contact is held on a compression spring by means of which it is connected to the remotely controllable switching mechanism. 
     
     
            A remotely controllable circuit breaker as set forth in .[.claim 1.]. .Iadd.either claim 3 or 5.Iaddend., including a contact plate carrying said second contact and extending in generally parallel relation with the movable contact arm carrying the first contact in its ON condition for conducting an electric current therethrough in a direction opposite to the current flowing through the movable contact arm in order to produce an electromagnetic force in the vicinity of the contacts, said electromagnetic force being applied to a possible arc drawn between the contacts upon separation thereof for transferring the arc away from the contacts, and including an arc chute disposed within a housing of the circuit breaker at a location near the first contact of the movable contact arm in its OFF condition, said arc chute comprising a stack of spaced metal plates the first plate of which is in close proximity to the first contact of the movable contact arm in its fully open condition and the last plate of which is remote from the movable contact arm and extends substantially along the sweep of the first contact beyond the second contact to define itself an arc runner, said arc runner having its intermediate portion in close proximity to the end of the contact plate and being electrically connected thereto at its end portion remote from the arc chute such that upon separation of the contacts one end of said arc is transferred from the contact plate to the arc runner due to said electromagnetic force and is guided along the arc runner into said arc chute as the movable contact arm moves towards OFF position for extinction 
     
     
        of the arc. 12. A remotely controllable circuit breaker as set forth in .[.claim 1.]. .Iadd.either claim 3 or 5.Iaddend., wherein said breaker is provided with an indicator which is responsive to the remote control signal for providing a visible indication of the actuation of said 
     
     
        remotely controllable switching mechanism. .Iadd.13.  A remotely controllable circuit breaker as set forth in either claim 3 or 5, including means comprising a mechanical stop preventing said contact from following the path of movement of the second contact from its operative to its inoperative position..Iaddend.