Apparatus and method of sealing capsules

Abstract

Methods are disclosed for the sealing of gelatin capsules having hard shell coaxial cap and body parts which overlap when telescopically joined. Also described are apparatus and sealing fluids to seal the capsules.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method for sealing gelatin capsules having hard shell coaxial cap and body parts which overlap when telescopically joined, comprising the steps of: A. .[.dipping.]. .Iadd.contacting .Iaddend.the capsules .[.in.]. .Iadd.with .Iaddend.a sealing fluid making contact by capillary action within the overlap of the cap and body parts;   B. removing the .Iadd.surplus .Iaddend.sealing fluid from the surface of the capsules; and   C. applying .[.thermal energy.]. .Iadd.convection heating .Iaddend.locally for about two seconds to the overlap so as to cause peptization or denaturation of the gelatin and sealing fluid within the overlap, thereby causing a sealing together of the cap and body parts.   
     
     
       2. The method for sealing capsules as in claim 1 wherein Step A is spraying the capsules with a sealing fluid. 
     
     
       3. A method for sealing gelatin capsules comprising A. exposing the capsules to a sealing fluid in a vacuum-steam chamber;   B. removing the sealing fluid from the surface of the cap and body parts;   C. Applying .[.thermal energy.]. .Iadd.convection heating .Iaddend.locally for about two seconds to the overlap so as to cause peptization or denaturation of the gelatin and sealing fluid within the overlap, thereby causing a sealing together of the cap and body parts.   
     
     
       4. The method for sealing capsules as in claim 1 wherein said sealing fluid is an organic solvent depressing the melting point of gelatin and having a solubility parameter range between about 10 to about 23.4 (calories per cubic centimeter) 1/2 . 
     
     
       5. The method for sealing capsules as in claim 1 wherein said sealing fluid is an aqueous solution of a salt, or the corresponding acids and/or bases of the salt, having cations and anions depressing the melting point of the gelatin. 
     
     
       6. The method for sealing capsules as in claim 4 wherein said sealing fluid is an aqueous solution of said organic solvent and of a salt, or the corresponding acids and/or bases of the salt, having cations and anions of the salt depressing the melting point of the gelatin. 
     
     
       7. The method for sealing capsules as in claim 1 wherein said sealing fluid is water. 
     
     
       8. The method for sealing capsules as in claim 1 wherein said sealing fluid is a polymer solution or emulsion. .[.9. The method for sealing capsule as in any of claims 5-7 wherein the thermal energy is electromagnetic irradiation at frequency of about 2.4 GHz, and with a strength of field of about 200 volts per centimeter..]. .[.10. The method for sealing capsule as in any of claims 5-7 wherein the thermal energy is infrared heating..]. 
     
     
        .[.11.  The method for sealing capsule as in any of claims 5-7 wherein the 
     
     
        thermal energy is applied by convection heating..]. 12. The method of sealing a capsule according to claim 4, 5 or 6 wherein the .[.thermal energy is applied by conduction heating of.]. .Iadd.convection heating 
     
     
        temperature .Iaddend.is about 170° C. 13. The method for sealing .[.capsule.]. .Iadd.capsules .Iaddend.as in claim 12 wherein the .[.thermal energy.]. .Iadd.convection heating .Iaddend.is the heat content of a metal stamp or bar applied directly to the overlap of the capsule 
     
     
        parts. 14. The method for sealing capsule as in claim 13 wherein the hot metal stamp or bar is coated with a nonsticking material such as silicone 
     
     
        or TEFLON®. 15. Apparatus for sealing gelatine capsules, having hard shell coaxial cap and body parts which overlap when telescopically joined, comprising: a continuous conveyor having container means thereon for receiving the capsules;   wetting means for exposing the capsules to a sealing fluid which enters into the overlap by capillary action;   drying means for removing sealing fluid from the surface of the capsules; and   .[.thermal energy.]. .Iadd.convection heating .Iaddend.means for heating the sealing fluid and gelatin within the overlap of the cap and body parts so as to cause peptization or denaturation of the sealing fluid and gelatin within the overlap, thereby sealing together the cap and body   
     
     
        parts. .Iadd.16.  A method for sealing gelatin capsules having hard shell coaxial cap and body parts which overlap when telescopically joined comprising: contacting the capsules in a sealing fluid making contact by capillary action within the overlap of the cap and body parts;   removing the surplus sealing fluid from the surface of the capsules; and   applying convection heating locally to the overlap so as to cause peptization or denaturation of the gelatin and the sealing fluid within the overlap, thereby causing a sealing together of the cap and body parts.   
     
     
        .Iaddend. .Iadd.17.  Apparatus for sealing gelatin capsules, having hard shell coaxial cap and body parts which overlap when telescopically joined, comprising: wetting means for exposing the capsules to a sealing fluid which enters into the overlap by capillary action:   drying means for removing sealing fluid from the surface of the capsules:   convection heating means for heating the sealing fluid and gelatin within the overlap of the cap and body parts so as to cause peptization or denaturation of the sealing fluid and gelatin within the overlap, thereby sealing together the cap and body parts; and   means for conveying the capsule to and from said wetting means, said drying means, and said thermal energy means. .Iaddend.