Water-based industrial fluids

Abstract

Substantially oil-free aqueous industrial fluids comprise (A) up to as much as 99.9 percent by weight water, (B) at least one substantially water-insoluble functional additive stably dispersed in the water and (C) at least one substantially water-soluble liquid organic dispersing agent, said dispersing agent being capable of dispersing said functional additive in said fluid and are useful as liquids in a variety of industrial applications, such as hydraulic systems and metal shaping operations. Typically, these compositions also contain at least one water-soluble polymeric thickener and at least one corrosion inhibitor. Methods for preparing these fluids from concentrates are also disclosed.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A substantially oil-free aqueous .Iadd.emulsion-free .Iaddend.composition of matter useful as a lubricant or functional liquid comprising (A) a major amount of water including up to as much as 99.9 percent by weight of water, (B) a minor .Iadd.but effective .Iaddend.amount of at least one substantially water-insoluble, oil-soluble functional additive stably dispersed therein, wherein the functional additive (B) is a sulfur- or chlorosulfur-containing E.P. agent or mixture of two or more of these, (C) a minor .Iadd.but effective .Iaddend.amount of at least one substantially water-soluble, liquid organic dispersing agent, said dispersing agent being capable of .Iadd.dissolving said functional additive and .Iaddend.stably dispersing said functional additive in said aqueous composition .[.and wherein (D) at least one water-soluble polymeric thickener for said aqueous composition is present.]. .Iadd.and (D) at least one water soluble polymeric thickener for said aqueous composition, said composition of matter being formed by premixing (B) and (C) and then mixing with the other components.Iaddend.. 
     
     
       2. A substantially oil-free aqueous .Iadd.emulsion-free .Iaddend.composition of matter useful as a lubricant or functional liquid comprising (A) a major amount of water including up to as much as 99.9 percent by weight of water, (B) a minor .Iadd.but effective .Iaddend.amount of at least one substantially water-insoluble, oil-soluble functional additive stably dispersed therein, wherein the functional additive is a sulfur- or chlorosulfur-containing E.P. agent or mixture of two or more of these, (C) a minor .Iadd.but effective .Iaddend.amount of at least one substantially water-soluble, liquid organic dispersing agent, said dispersing agent being capable of .Iadd.dissolving said functional additive and .Iaddend.stably dispersing said functional additive in said aqueous composition and .[.wherein (D) at least one water-soluble polymeric thickener for said aqueous composition is present .]. (.Iadd.D) at least one water soluble polymeric thickener for said aqueous composition, .Iaddend.wherein the dispersing agent (C) is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl-substituted hydrocarbon amines, hydrocarbon amines, polyols of 3 to 8 hydroxyls, alkylene glycols, polyoxyalkylene glycols, sulfonated hydrocarbons, and mixtures of two or more of these .Iadd.said composition of matter being formed by premixing (B) and (C) and then mixing with the other components.Iaddend.. 
     
     
       3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising about 90-99 percent by weight water. 
     
     
       4. A composition as claimed in claim 2 comprising about 90-99 percent by weight water. 
     
     
       5. A composition as claimed in claim 2 having a viscosity in the range of about 10 to about 20,000 cps when measured at 25 rpm and 20° C. with No. 3 spindle in a Brookfield viscometer. 
     
     
       6. A composition as claimed in claim 3 having a viscosity in the range of about 10 to about 20,000 cps when measured at 25 rpm and 20° C. with No. 3 spindle in a Brookfield viscometer. 
     
     
       7. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the thickener (D) comprises a polysaccharide, a synthetic thickening polymer, or a mixture of two or more of these. 
     
     
       8. A composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein the thickener (D) comprises a polysaccharide, a synthetic thickening polymer, or a maxiture of two or more of these. 
     
     
       9. A composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein the thickener (D) is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, alkali metal salts of carboxymethyl cellulose and mixtures of same. 
     
     
       10. A composition as claimed in claim 6 .Iadd.comprising about 90-99 percent by weight water, having a viscosity in the range of about 10 to about 20,000 cps when measured at 25 rpm and 20° C. with No. 3 spindle in a Brookfield viscometer, and .Iaddend.wherein the thickener (D) is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, alkali metal salts of carboxymethyl cellulose.Iadd., .Iaddend.poly-n-vinyl pyrrolidones and mixtures of two or more of any of these. 
     
     
       11. A composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein there is also present (E) .Iadd.an effective amount .Iaddend.at least one inhibitor of corrosion of metal. 
     
     
       12. A composition as claimed in claim 6 wherein there is also present (E) .Iadd.an effective amount .Iaddend.at least one inhibitor of corrosion of metal. 
     
     
       13. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein the inhibitor (E) inhibits corrosion of ferrous metals. 
     
     
       14. A composition as claimed in claim 12 wherein the inhibitor (E) inhibits corrosion of ferrous metals. 
     
     
       15. A composition as claimed in claim 12 wherein the inhibitor (E) inhibits corrosion of nonferrous metals. 
     
     
       16. A composition as claimed in claim 13 wherein the corrosion inhibitor (E) is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal nitrites, phosphates, polyphosphates, borates, hydrocarbyl amine .[.and.]. .Iadd.neutralized phosphates; .Iaddend.hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl amine neutralized phosphates .[.and.]. neutralized hydrocarbyl phosphate esters, neutralized fatty acids, neutralized aromatic carboxylic acids, neutralized hydrocarbyl sulfonates, mixed salt esters of alkylated succinimides, and mixtures of any two or more of these. 
     
     
       17. A composition as claimed in claim 14 wherein the corrosion inhibitor (E) is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal nitrites, phosphates, polyphosphates, borates, hydrocarbyl amine .[.and.]. .Iadd.neutralized phosphates, .Iaddend.hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl amine neutralized phosphates.Iadd., .Iaddend..[.and .]. neutralized hydrocarbyl phosphate esters, neutralized fatty acids, neutralized aromatic carboxylic acids, neutralized hydrocarbyl sulfonates, mixed salt esters of alkylated succinimides, and mixtures of any two or more of these. 
     
     
       18. A composition as claimed in claim 16 wherein the pH of the composition is in the range of about 7.5 to about 9.5. 
     
     
       19. A composition as claimed in claim 17 wherein the pH of the composition is in the range of about 7.5 to about 9.5. 
     
     
       20. A composition as claimed in claim 6 wherein there is also present (F) .Iadd.an effective amount of .Iaddend.at least one shear stabilizing agent. 
     
     
       21. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein there is also present .Iadd.an effective amount of .Iaddend.at least one (G) polyol of inverse solubility in water. 
     
     
       22. A composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein there is also present .Iadd.an effective amount of .Iaddend.at least one (G) polyol of inverse solubility in water. .[.23. A hydraulic system including as a hydraulic fluid at least one composition as claimed in claim 1..]. .[.24. A hydraulic system including as a hydraulic fluid at least one composition as claimed in claim 2..]. .[.25. A hydraulic system including as a hydraulic fluid at least one composition as claimed in claim 11..]. .[.26. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 25 wherein the system is a pit prop or powered supporting device useful in underground mining operations..]. .[.27. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein there is also present one or more agents selected from the group consisting of bactericides (H), dyes (J), water softeners (K), odor-masking agents (L), and anti-foamants 
     
     
        (M)..]. .Iadd.28.  A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein there is also present one or more bactericides. .Iaddend. .Iadd.29. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein there is also present one or more dyes. .Iaddend. .Iadd.30. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein there is also present one or more water softeners. .Iaddend. .Iadd.31. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein there is also present one or more odor-masking agents. .Iaddend. .Iadd.32. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein there is also present one or more anti-foamants. .Iaddend. .Iadd.33. A hydraulic system including a hydraulic fluid, the improvement wherein the hydraulic fluid is a composition comprising a substantially oil-free aqueous emulsion-free composition of matter useful as a lubricant or functional liquid comprising (A) a major amount of water including up to as much as 99.9 percent by weight of water, (B) a minor but effective amount of at least one substantially water-insoluble, oil-soluble functional additive stably dispersed therein, wherein the functional additive (B) is a sulfur- or chlorosulfur-containing E.P. agent or mixture of two or more of these, (C) a minor but effective amount of at least one substantially water-soluble, liquid organic dispersing agent, said dispersing agent being capable of dissolving said functional additive, and stably dispersing said functional additive in said aqueous composition; and (D) at least one water-soluble polymeric thickener for said aqueous composition, said composition of matter being formed by premixing (B) and (C) and then mixing with the other components. .Iaddend. .Iadd.34. A hydraulic system including a hydraulic fluid, the improvement wherein the hydraulic fluid is a substantially oil-free aqueous emulsion-free composition of matter useful as a lubricant or functional liquid comprising (A) a major amount of water including up to as much as 99.9 percent by weight of water, (B) a minor but effective amount of at least one substantially water-insoluble, oil-soluble functional additive stably dispersed therein, wherein the functional additive is a sulfur- or chlorosulfur-containing E.P. agent or mixture of two or more of these, (C) a minor but effective amount of at least one substantially water-soluble, liquid organic dispersing agent, said dispersing agent being capable of dissolving said functional additive, and stably dispersing said functional additive in said aqueous compositions; and (D) at least one water-soluble polymeric thickener for said aqueous composition, wherein the dispersing agent (C) is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl-substituted hydrocarbon amines, hydrocarbon amines, polyols of 3 to 8 hydroxyls, alkylene glycols, polyoxyalkylene glycols, sulfonated hydrocarbons, and mixtures of two or more of these, said composition of matter being formed by premixing (B) and (C) and then mixing with the other components. .Iaddend. .Iadd.35. A hydraulic system as defined in claim 34 wherein said composition also contains (E) an effective amount of at least one inhibitor of corrosion of metal. .Iaddend. .Iadd.36. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 35 wherein said hydraulic system is a pit prop or powered supporting device useful in underground mining operations. .Iaddend. .Iadd.37. A substantially oil-free, aqueous emulsion-free composition of matter according to claim 1 wherein said dispersing agent is capable of stably dispersing a minium of at least 5 grams of said functional additive per liter of water. .Iaddend. .Iadd.38. A substantially oil-free, aqueous emulsion-free composition of matter according to claim 37 wherein said dispersing agent is capable of dispersing said functional additive in said aqueous composition in an amount of at least about 10 grams up to about 50 grams per liter of said dispersing agent. .Iaddend. .Iadd.39. A substantially oil-free, aqueous emulsion-free composition of matter according to claim 1 wherein said aqueous composition comprises at least in part a micelle dispersion of said functional additives in water, said compositions visually appearing to be true, clear solutions, and on 
     
     
        dilution producing insignificant cloudiness. .Iaddend. .Iadd.40.  A substantially oil-free, aqueous emulsion-free composition of matter according to claim 1 wherein said dispersing agent is capable of stably dispersing said functional additive sufficiently such that the aqueous composition containing said functional additive remains as a homogenous dispersion for at least six hours at 20° C. in the absence of significant agitation. .Iaddend.