Electric switch and improved device using same

Abstract

A high speed switch usable at high voltage includes a pair of contacts movable apart along a fixed line. When the contacts are normally interconnected, at least one of them contributes to the definition of an enclosed chamber. Pressurization of the chamber by the ignition of a power cartridge therein rapidly drives the contacts apart, forming a first gap between them. When the contacts are interconnected, a first one of them is electrically connected to a terminal. As the contacts move apart, a second gap forms between the first contact and the terminal. The second gap is electrically insulated and may both be shielded from the ignition products of the cartridge and have any arc forming therein constricted and subjected to arc-extinguishing gas. The contacts may be shunted by a fuse to which current is commutated after the contacts move apart.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electrical switch for opening a first current path in which the switch is included, comprising: a pair of normally electrically interconnected contacts for carrying current in the first current path, the contacts being relatively movable apart along a fixed line of direction to break the electrical interconnection therebetween and to open the first current path, at least one of the interconnected contacts defining .Iadd.at least a portion of .Iaddend.an enclosed chamber;   a terminal in the first current path;   means for (a) electrically connecting a first of the contacts to the terminal when the contacts are electrically interconnected so that the terminal and contacts are in series in the first current path, and   (b) electrically insulating the first contact from the terminal .Iadd.with a solid insulative material .Iaddend.as and when the contacts move apart.Iadd., wherein the electrically insulating means also constricts any arc formed between the first contact and the terminal as and when the contacts move apart.Iaddend.; and     ignitable means within the chamber for pressurizing the chamber upon ignition thereof to rapidly drive the contacts apart. .[.2. An electrical switch as in claim 1 wherein:   the electrically insulating means also constricts any arc formed between the first contact and the terminal as and when the contacts move apart..].   
     
     
        . An electrical switch for opening a first current path in which the switch is included, comprising: a pair of normally electrically interconnected contacts for carrying current in the first current path, the contacts being relatively movable apart along a fixed line of direction to produce a gap therebetween and to break the electrical interconnection therebetween which opens the first current path, at least one of the interconnected contacts defining an enclosed chamber;   a terminal in the first current path;   means remote from the gap and the chamber for (a) electrically connecting a first of the contacts to the terminal when the contacts are electrically interconnected so that the terminal and contacts are in series in the first current path, and   (b) electrically insulating the first contact from the terminal as and when the contacts move apart; and     ignitable means within the chamber for pressurizing the chamber upon   
     
     
        ignition thereof to rapidly drive the contacts apart. 4. An electrical switch as in claim 3, wherein: the electrically insulating means also constricts any arc formed between the first contact and the terminal as and when the contacts move apart.   
     
     
           An electrical switch as set forth in claims 1, .[.2.]., 3.[.or 4.]..Iadd., 4, 21 or 27, .Iaddend.wherein the electrically insulating means also isolates the terminal .[.or the first contact.]. from .[.the.]. ignition products of the ignitable means as and when the contacts move 
     
     
        apart. 6. A .[.high voltage.]. device which includes the switch of claim 1, .[.2,.]. 3.[.or.]..Iadd., .Iaddend.4 .Iadd.or 21 .Iaddend.and which further comprises: a second current path in electrical shunt with the first current path, movement of the contacts apart transferring current in the first current   
     
     
        path to the second current path. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein: the second current path .[.helically,.]. coaxially surrounds .[.the contacts, the terminal and.]. .Iadd.at least a portion of .Iaddend.the   
     
     
        first current path. 8. .[.A fuse which includes the.]. .Iadd.The .Iaddend.device of claim 7.[., and.]. which further comprises: 
     
     
       a fusible element in the second current path. 9. .[.A current-limiting fuse which includes the fuse.]. .Iadd.The device .Iaddend.of claim 8.[., and.]. which further comprises: a fulgurite-forming medium surrounding and in contact with the fusible element.[.;.].   .[.an inner housing which contains the contacts, the terminal, and the electrically connecting and electrically insulating means and which segregates the medium therefrom;   an outer housing which contains the inner housing, the fusible element, and the medium;   means for electrically connecting the terminal to one side of a circuit; and   means for connecting the second contact to the other side of the   
     
     
        circuit.].. 10. A switch as in claim 1, .[.2,.]. 3.[.or.]..Iadd., .Iaddend.4.[.,.]. .Iadd.or 21 .Iaddend.wherein: the terminal telescopes into a passage within the first contact as and when the contacts move apart, and the electrically insulating means comprises   a first insulative sleeve on the terminal, and a second insulative sleeve   
     
     
        lining the passage. 11. A switch as in claim 1, .[.2,.]. 3.[.or.]..Iadd., .Iaddend.4 .Iadd.or 21 .Iaddend.wherein: the first contact telescopes into a passage within the terminal as and when the contacts move apart, and   the electrically insulating means comprises.Iadd.: .Iaddend.a first insulative sleeve on the first contact, and a second insulative sleeve   
     
     
        lining the passage. 12. An electrical switch for opening a first current path in which the switch is included, comprising: a pair of normally electrically interconnected contacts in the first path .[.and.]..Iadd., the contacts being .Iaddend.relatively movable apart along a fixed line of direction to produce a first gap therebetween;   an enclosed chamber defined at least in part by at least one of the contacts when they are electrically interconnected;   a terminal in the first current path;   first means remote from the first gap and from the chamber for (a) electrically connecting a first of the contacts to the terminal when the contacts are electrically interconnected so that the terminal and the contacts are in series in the first path, and     (b) producing a second .[.insulated.]. gap.Iadd., which is insulated, .Iaddend.between the first contact and the terminal as and when the contacts move apart, the first and second gaps being in series in the first path; and   .[.second.]. ignitable means in the chamber for pressurizing the chamber   
     
     
        upon ignition thereof to rapidly drive the contacts apart. 13. A switch as in claim 12, wherein: as the second gap is produced, the first means (a) constricts any arc formed between the first contact and the terminal, and   (b) isolates the second gap from .[.the.]. ignition products of the     
     
     
        .[.second.]. .Iadd.ignitable .Iaddend.means. 14. A switch as in claim 13, wherein: the terminal telescopes into a passage in the first contact as the second gap is produced, and   the first means comprises.Iadd.: .Iaddend. a first electrically insulative sleeve covering a portion of the terminal, and   a second electrically insulative sleeve lining and covering a portion of the first contact within the passage, the telescoping of the terminal into the passage causing the sleeves to conformally.[.,.]. .Iadd.and .Iaddend.slidingly engage, thus separating the first contact from the     
     
     
        terminal and insulating the second gap. 15. A switch as in claim 13, wherein: the first contact telescopes into a passage in the terminal as the second gap is produced, and   the first means comprises.Iadd.: .Iaddend. a first electrically insulative sleeve covering a portion of the first contact, and   a second electrically insulative sleeve lining and covering a portion of the terminal within the passage, the telescoping of the first contact into the passage causing the sleeves to conformally.[.,.]. .Iadd.and .Iaddend.slidingly engage, thus separating the first contact from the     
     
     
        terminal and insulating the second gap. 16. A switch as in claim 14 or 15, wherein: .[.the first means further comprises.]. portions of the first contact and the terminal not covered by the sleeves.[., the uncovered portions being.]. .Iadd.are .Iaddend. (a) engaged and electrically connected when the contacts are electrically interconnected, and   (b) separated and adjacent one of the sleeves as and when the contacts move       
     
     
        apart. 17. A switch as in claim 16, wherein: 
     
     
       the sleeves include an ablative arc-extinguishing material. 18. An electrical device which includes the switch of claim .[.17.]. .Iadd.16.Iaddend., and which further comprises: a second current path in shunt with the first current path.Iadd., wherein formation of the first and second gaps transfers current from the first   
     
     
        current path to the second current path.Iaddend.. 19. .[.A fuse which includes the.]. .Iadd.The .Iaddend.device of claim 18.[., and.]. which further comprises: 
     
     
       a fusible element in the second path. 20. .[.A fuse as in.]. .Iadd.The device of .Iaddend.claim 19.[.,.]. wherein the fusible element coaxially surrounds .Iadd.at least a portion of .Iaddend.the first path. .Iadd.21. An electrical switch for opening a first current path in which the switch is included, comprising:   a pair of normally electrically interconnected contacts for carrying current in the first current path, the contacts being relatively movable apart along a fixed line of direction to break the electrical interconnection therebetween and to open the first current path, at least one of the interconnected contacts defining at least a portion of an enclosed chamber;   a terminal in the first current path;   means for (a) electrically connecting a first of the contacts to the terminal when the contacts are electrically interconnected so that the terminal and contacts are in series in the first current path, and   (b) electrically insulating the first contact from the terminal as and when the contacts move apart; and     a power cartridge within the chamber for pressurizing the chamber upon the   
     
     
        ignition thereof to rapidly drive the contacts apart. .Iaddend. .Iadd.22. A switch as in claim 1, 3, 12 or 21 wherein: the terminal telescopes into a passage within the first contact as and when the contacts move apart, and the electrical insulating means comprises:   an insulative sleeve lining the passage. .Iaddend. .Iadd.23. A switch as in claim 1, 3, 12 or 21 wherein:   the first contact telescopes into a passage within the terminal as and when the contacts move apart, and the electrical insulating means comprises:   an insulative sleeve lining the passage. .Iaddend. .Iadd.24. An electrical switch as in claim 3, wherein:   the electrical insulating means is comprised of a solid insulative material. .Iadd.25. An electrical switch as in claim 1, 3, or 12 wherein said ignitable means further comprises a power cartridge. .Iaddend. .Iadd.26. An electrical switch as in claim 21, wherein:   the electrically insulating means also constrict any arc formed between the first contact and the terminal as and when the contacts move apart. .Iaddend. .Iadd.27. A switch as in claim 1, 3, 12 or 21 further comprising contact insulating means for electrically insulating the first contact from the second contact as and when the contacts separate. .Iaddend. .Iadd.28. A switch as in claim 27 wherein said contact insulating means   
     
     
        further comprises solid insulative material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.29.  An electrical switch as set forth in claims 1, 3, 4, 21 or 27 wherein the electrical insulating means also isolates the first contact from ignition products of the ignitable means as and when the contacts move apart. .Iaddend. .Iadd.30. The device as in claim 9 further comprising: an inner housing which contains the contacts, the terminal, and the electrically connecting and electrically insulating means and which segregates the fulgurite-forming medium therefrom;   an outer housing which contains the inner housing, the fusible element, and the fulgurite-forming medium;   means for electrically connecting the terminal to one side of a circuit; and   means for connecting the second contact to the other side of the circuit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.31. An electrical switch as claimed in claim 12, wherein:   the second gap is electrically insulated by a solid insulative material. .Iaddend.