Welding of plastics material

Abstract

Welding surfaces of thermoplastics material together by depositing a continuous layer of molten thermoplastic welding material over adjacent areas of the surfaces to be joined, the deposition of at least part of the molten welding material being effected with a smearing action in which the material is subjected to shear forces acting across the surfaces, and allowing the deposited material to solidify.

Having now particularly described and ascertained my said invention and in what manner same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is: 
     
       1. A method of welding together surfaces of thermoplastic material comprising: (a) depositing a continuous layer of molten thermoplastic welding material over adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded together;   (b) substantially simultaneously with the deposition of the welding material, circularly smearing a boundary layer of the welding material which is in contact with the surfaces to be welded onto the adjacent areas of the surfaces so that the welding material being smeared is subjected to shear forces transverse to the direction of deposition of the layer of welding material; and   (c) allowing the layer of deposited thermoplastic welding material to solidify.   
     
     
       2. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the adjacent areas of the surfaces are preheated prior to the deposition of the molten welding material. 
     
     
       3. A method as claimed in claim 2 in which the preheating of the adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded is effected by at least one of radiation and conduction heating. 
     
     
       4. A method as claimed in claim 2 in which the adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded are superficially damaged during at least one of preheating of the adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded and deposition of the welding material. 
     
     
       5. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the molten welding material is continuously mixed immediately prior to deposition. 
     
     
       6. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the surfaces are formed by a pair of overlapping sheets of thermoplastic material. 
     
     
       7. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the adjacent areas of the surfaces include the areas adjacent to an edge of one of the surfaces. 
     
     
       8. An apparatus for the continuous welding together of surfaces of thermoplastic material, comprising: means for depositing a continuous layer of molten thermoplastic welding material onto adjacent areas of the surfaces; and, smearing means for circularly smearing a boundary layer of the welding material which is in contact with the surfaces to be welded onto the adjacent areas of the surfaces during the deposition of the welding material, so that the welding material being smeared is subjected to shear forces transverse to the direction of deposition of the layer of welding material.   
     
     
       9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 which includes means for superficially damaging the adjacent areas of the surfaces during deposition of the molten material. 
     
     
       10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9 in which said damaging means is integral with the smearing means. 
     
     
       11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 which includes a delivery tube for the welding material and which terminates in a nozzle for depositing the welding material, and the smearing means comprises at least one rotatable member terminating in a smearing surface within the nozzle. 
     
     
       12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 which includes a rotatable delivery tube for the welding material, the delivery tube terminating in a transverse annular smearing surface within a nozzle. 
     
     
       13. An apparatus as claimed in either of claims 11 or 12 in which the position of the smearing surface is adjustable with respect to the surfaces being welded. 
     
     
       14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11 in which the smearing means comprises two adjacent rotatable members each terminating in a smearing surface. 
     
     
       15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 which comprises a delivery tube and nozzle including means for causing the molten material to swirl transversely with respect to the surfaces being welded during deposition. .Iadd. 
     
     
       16.  A method of welding together surfaces of thermoplastic material comprising: (a) depositing a continuous layer of molten thermoplastic welding material on adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded together;   (b) substantially simultaneously with the deposition of the welding material, smearing a boundary layer of the welding material which is in contact with the surfaces to be welded onto the adjacent areas of the surfaces so that the welding material being smeared is subjected to shear forces transverse to the direction of deposition of the layer of welding material; and   (c) allowing the layer of deposited thermoplastic welding material to solidify. .Iaddend. .Iadd.17. A method as claimed in claim 16 in which the adjacent areas of the surfaces are preheated prior to the deposition of the molten welding material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.18. A method as claimed in claim 17 in which the preheating of the adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded is effected by at least one of radiation and conduction heating. .Iaddend. .Iadd.19. A method as claimed in claim 17 in which the adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded are superficially damaged during at least one of preheating of the adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded   
     
     
        and deposition of the welding material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.20.  A method as claimed in claim 17 in which the molten welding material is continuously mixed immediately prior to deposition. .Iaddend. .Iadd.21. A method as claimed in claim 17 in which the surfaces are formed by a pair of overlapping sheets of thermoplastic material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.22. A method as claimed in claim 17 in which the adjacent areas of the surfaces include the areas adjacent to an edge of one of the surfaces. .Iaddend. .Iadd.23. An apparatus for the continuous welding together of surfaces of thermoplastic material comprising: means for depositing a continuous layer of molten thermoplastic welding material onto adjacent areas of the surfaces; and, smearing means for smearing a boundary layer of the welding material which is in contact with the surfaces to be welded onto the adjacent areas of the surfaces during the deposition of the welding material, so that the welding material being smeared is subjected to shear forces transverse to the direction of deposition of the layer of welding material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.24. An apparatus as claimed in claim 23 which includes means for superficially damaging the adjacent areas of the surfaces during deposition of the molten material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.25. An apparatus as claimed in claim 24 in which said damaging means is integral with the smearing means.   
     
     
        .Iaddend. .Iadd.26.  An apparatus as claimed in claim 23 which includes a delivery tube for the welding material and which terminates in a nozzle for depositing the welding material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.27. An apparatus as claimed in claim 23 which includes a rotatable delivery tube for the welding material, the delivery tube terminating in a transverse annular smearing surface within a nozzle. .Iaddend. .Iadd.28. An apparatus as claimed in claim 27 in which the position of the smearing surface is adjustable with respect to the surface being welded. .Iaddend. .Iadd.29. An apparatus as claimed in claim 23 which comprises a delivery tube and nozzle including means for causing the molten material to swirl transversely with respect to the surfaces being welded during deposition. .Iaddend. .Iadd.30. A method of welding together surfaces of thermoplastic material comprising: (a) depositing a continuous layer of molten thermoplastic welding material over adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded together;   (b) substantially simultaneously with the deposition of the welding material, smearing a boundary layer of the welding material which is in contact with the surfaces to be welded onto the adjacent areas of the surfaces so that the welding material being smeared is subjected to shear forces in a direction other than the direction of deposition of the layer of welding material; and   (c) allowing the layer of deposited thermoplastic welding material to   
     
     
        solidify. .Iaddend. .Iadd.31.  A method as claimed in claim 30 in which the adjacent areas of the surfaces are preheated prior to the deposition of the molten welding material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.32. A method as claimed in claim 31 in which the preheating of the adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded is effected by at least one of radiation and conduction heating. .Iaddend. .Iadd.33. A method as claimed in claim 31 in which the adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded are superficially damaged during at least one of preheating of the adjacent areas of the surfaces to be welded and deposition of the welding material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.34. A method as claimed in claim 30 in which the molten welding material is continuously mixed immediately prior to deposition. .Iaddend. .Iadd.35. A method as claimed in claim 30 in which the surfaces are formed by a pair of overlapping sheets of thermoplastic material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.36. A method as claimed in claim 30 in which the adjacent areas of the surfaces include 
     
     
        the areas adjacent to an edge of one of the surfaces. .Iaddend. .Iadd.37. An apparatus for the continuous welding together of surfaces of thermoplastic material, comprising: means for depositing a continuous layer of molten thermoplastic welding material onto adjacent areas of the surfaces; and, smearing means for smearing a boundary layer of the welding material which is in contact with the surfaces to be welded onto the adjacent areas of the surfaces during the deposition of the welding material, so that the welding material being smeared is subjected to shear forces in a direction other than the direction of deposition of the layer of welding material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.38. An apparatus as claimed in claim 37 which includes means for superficially damaging the adjacent areas of the surfaces during deposition of the molten material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.39. An apparatus as claimed in claim 38 in which said damaging means is integral with the smearing means. .Iaddend. .Iadd.40. An apparatus as claimed in claim 37 which includes a delivery tube for the welding material and which terminates in a nozzle for depositing the welding material. .Iaddend. .Iadd.41. An apparatus as claimed in claim 40 in which the smearing means comprises two adjacent rotatable members each terminating in a smearing surface. .Iaddend. .Iadd.42. An apparatus as claimed in claim 37 which includes a rotatable delivery tube for the welding material, the delivery tube terminating in a transverse annular smearing surface within a nozzle.   
     
     
        .Iaddend. .Iadd.43.  An apparatus as claimed in claim 37 which comprises a delivery tube and nozzle including means for causing the molten material to swirl transversely with respect to the surfaces being welded during deposition..Iaddend.