Multiplex interferometer

Abstract

An interferometer for analyzing electromagnetic frequency spectra including a movable mirror supported on two air bearings such that the center of support of the bearings continuously coincides with the center of gravity of the movable mirror during the motion of the mirror. The air bearings engage two parallel, spaced apart lateral rods that maintain the optical alignment of the mirror. To facilitate making spectral measurements, the interferometer also incorporates a laser for producing monochromatic light that is directed through a primary beam splitter to provide a periodic fringe pattern as the mirror moves and a white light directed through a secondary beam splitter to provide a reproducible reference point.

I claim: 
     
       1. An interferometer for measuring the spectra of incident electromagnetic radiation, comprising: a. a rigid frame for supporting the interferometer;   b. a fixed mirror assembly having a reflecting surface thereon adjustably mounted to said rigid frame;   c. a mirror assembly movably mounted on said rigid frame and having a reflecting surface thereon orthogonally disposed to said fixed mirror;   d. a beam splitter mounted on said rigid frame for separating the incident radiation into two parts and for subsequently recombining the two parts after reflection from the fixed mirror and the movably mounted mirror;   e. means for movably supporting said movably mounted mirror assembly on said frame;   f. means for providing a center of support for the movable mirror assembly continuously coincident with the center of gravity of said mirror assembly throughout the range of movement; and   g. means mounted on said frame for transporting the movable mirror assembly with respect to the fixed mirror assembly and the beam splitter by providing a force exerted through the coincident center of support and center of gravity.   
     
     
       2. The interferometer as claimed in claim 1 wherein the linear transporting means comprises: a. a linear motor for transporting the movable mirror assembly;   b. a sensing coil operatively connected to the supporting means for measuring the speed of the mirror assembly; and   c. means connected to said speed sensing coil for stabilizing the speed of the linear motor in response thereto.   
     
     
       3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the support providing means includes: a. a transportation assembly powered by the linear transportation means and rigidly connected to the movable mirror assembly; and   b. two laterally disposed, supporting arms rigidly attached to the transportation assembly and operatively connected to the supporting means.   
     
     
       4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the means for movably supporting the movably mounted mirror assembly includes; a. two parallel, spaced apart, lateral rods mounted on a frame and cooperating with the support providing means for maintaining the reflecting surface on the movable mirror assembly orthogonal to the reflecting surface on the fixed mirror assembly.   
     
     
       5. A method for measuring the spectra of incident electromagnetic radiation, comprising the steps of: a. providing a movable mirror orthogonally disposed with respect to a fixed mirror;   b. mounting a beam splitter in optical alignment between the movable mirror and the fixed mirror so that incident radiation on the beam splitter is directed to both said mirrors;   c. separating incident radiation into two parts using said beam splitter, one of said parts being incident on the movable mirror and the other of said parts being incident on the fixed mirror;   d. recombining the radiation after reflection from said mirrors;   e. transporting said movable mirror along the path of the radiation thereon using a linear motor and by providing a force therewith; and   f. supporting the movable mirror with a center of support continuously coincident with the center of gravity of said mirror throughout the range of transportation of said mirror, said force provided by the linear motor being exerted through the coincident center of support and center of gravity.   
     
     
       6. The method of claim 5 wherein the step of supporting the movable mirror throughout the range of transportation includes the step of: a. counter balancing the movable mirror with a transportation assembly operatively connected to the linear motor, whereby the center of support remains continuously coincident with the center of gravity of said mirror.   
     
     
       7. An interferometer for measuring the spectra of incident electromagnetic radiation, comprising; a. a first circular cylindrical tube having an end plate at one end and a 45° flange at the other end;   b. a second circular cylindrical tube having a motor mounting at one end and a second 45° flange at the other end, said first cylindrical tube being rigidly attachable to said second cylindrical tube at the 45° flanges;   c. a fixed mirror assembly having a reflecting surface thereon adjustably mounted to said end plate on the first tube;   d. a movable front plate assembly having a reflecting surface thereon disposed in the second tube orthogonal to the fixed mirror;   e. a beam splitter mountable between said first and second tubes at said 45° flanges, said beam splitter being optically aligned with the incident electromagnetic radiation, the reflecting surface on the fixed mirror assembly, and the reflecting surface on the movable mirror assembly;   f. means mounted on said second tube for linearly transporting the reflecting surface located on the movable front plate assembly with respect to both the reflecting surface located on the fixed mirror assembly and the beam splitter;   g. two parallel horizontally spaced apart lateral rods disposed in V-blocks on the side walls of the second tube, each of said rods being disposed parallel with the longitudinal axis of the second tube;   h. two horizontally opposed supporting arms mounted to the front plate assembly each having a cylindrical hole therethrough, said holes being coaxial with the lateral rods; and   i. two frictionless bearings mounted within the holes on the supporting arms and supporting the movable front plate assembly in alignment with the lateral rods, whereby the center of support of the frictionless bearings is coincident with the center of gravity of the movable front plate assembly.   
     
     
       8. An interferometer as claimed in claim 7 wherein the cylindrical tubes, the fixed mirror assembly, the front plate assembly, and the supporting arms are all fabricated from a common alloy. 
     
     
       9. An interferometer as claimed in claim 7 wherein said lateral rods are retained within the V-blocks by spring pins, thereby permitting compensation for the thermal expansion of the rods with respect to the interferometer. 
     
     
       10. An interferometer as claimed in claim 7 wherein said lateral rods are centerless ground stainless steel cylinders. 
     
     
       11. An interferometer as claimed in claim 7 further including a focusing mirror and a detector for detecting and measuring the interference patterns generated by the interferometer. 
     
     
       12. An interferometer for measuring the spectra of incident electromagnetic radiation, comprising: a. first and second enclosed arms joined together with two flanges such that the arms make right angles with each other;   b. a beam splitter mounted at said flanges in optical alignment with said first and second arms;   c. a fixed mirror disposed in said first arm;   d. means for adjustably mounting said fixed mirror so that the orientation thereof can be precisely aligned with respect to the second arm;   e. a movable mirror disposed in said second arm;   f. means for mounting said movable mirror for movement toward and away from said beam splitter;   g. four mounting blocks integrally formed with said second arm and each having V-grooves precisely cut therein, two of said blocks being disposed in registry on one side of said second arm and two of said blocks being disposed in registry on the other side of said second arm;   h. two cylindrical rods laterally disposed in parallel spaced apart relationship by the V-grooves in said mounting blocks; and   i. two bearings supporting the means for mounting the movable mirror on the two cylindrical rods. .Iadd.   
     
     
       13.  An interferometer for measuring the spectra of incident electromagnetic radiation, comprising: a. a rigid frame for supporting the interferometer and including first and second circular cylindrical hollow arms;   b. a fixed mirror assembly having a reflecting surface thereon adjustably mounted to said first arm of said rigid frame;   c. a mirror assembly movably mounted in said second arm of said rigid frame and having a reflecting surface thereon orthogonally disposed to said fixed mirror;   d. a beam splitter mounted between said first and second arms on said rigid frame for separating the incident radiation into two parts and for subsequently recombining the two parts after reflection from the fixed mirror and the movably mounted mirror;   e. means for movably supporting said movably mounted mirror assembly said second arm on said frame;   f. means for providing a center of support for the movable mirror assembly continuously coincident with the center of gravity of said mirror assembly throughout the range of movement, and   g. means mounted on said frame for transporting the movable mirror assembly with respect to the fixed mirror assembly and the beam splitter by providing a force exerted through the coincident center of support and center of gravity, said means mounted on said frame for transporting the movable mirror assembly including a motor disposed solely within said second arm for transporting the movable mirror. .Iaddend. .Iadd.14. The interferometer as claimed in claim 13 wherein the transporting means comprises:   a. a linear motor for transporting the movable mirror assembly;   b. a sensing coil operatively connected to the supporting means for measuring the speed of the mirror assembly; and   c. means connected to said speed sensing coil for stabilizing the speed of   
     
     
        the linear motor in response thereto. .Iaddend. .Iadd.15.  The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the support providing means includes: a. a transportation assembly powered by the transportation means and rigidly connected to the movable mirror assembly; and   b. two laterally disposed, supporting arms rigidly attached to the transportation assembly and operatively connected to the supporting means. .Iaddend. .Iadd.16. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the means for movably supporting the movably mounted mirror assembly includes:   a. two parallel, spaced apart, lateral rods mounted on a frame and cooperating with the support providing means for maintaining the reflecting surface on the movable mirror assembly orthogonal to the reflecting surface on the fixed mirror assembly. .Iaddend. .Iadd.17. A method for measuring the spectra of incident electromagnetic radiation, comprising the steps of:   a. providing a movable mirror in a first arm orthogonally disposed with respect to a fixed mirror in a second arm;   b. mounting a beam splitter in optical alignment between the movable mirror and the fixed mirror so that incident radiation on the beam splitter is directed to both said mirrors;   c. separating incident radiation into two parts using said beam splitter, one of said parts being incident on the movable mirror and the other of said parts being incident on the fixed mirror;   d. recombining the radiation after reflection from said mirrors;   e. transporting said movable mirror along the path of the radiation thereon using a linear motor disposed solely within said first arm and by providing a force therewith; and   f. supporting the movable mirror with a center of support continuously coincident with the center of gravity of said mirror throughout the range of transportation of said mirror, said force provided by the linear motor being exerted through the coincident center of support and center of   
     
     
        gravity. .Iaddend. .Iadd.18.  The method of claim 17 wherein the step of supporting the movable mirror throughout the range of transportation includes the step of: a. counter balancing the movable mirror with a transportation assembly operatively connected to the linear motor, whereby the center of support remains continuously coincident with the center of gravity of said mirror assembly. .Iaddend. .Iadd.19. An interferometer for measuring the spectra of incident electromagnetic radiation, comprising;   a. a first circular cylindrical tube having an end plate at one end and a 45° flange at the other end;   b. a second circular cylindrical tube having a motor mounting at one end and a second 45° flange at the other end, said first cylindrical tube being rigidly attachable to said second cylindrical tube at the 45° flanges;   c. a fixed mirror assembly having a reflecting surface thereon adjustably mounted to said end plate on the first tube;   d. a movable front plate assembly having a reflecting surface thereon disposed in the second tube orthogonal to the fixed mirror;   e. a beam splitter mountable between said first and second tubes at said 45° flanges, said beam splitter being optically aligned with the incident electromagnetic radiation, the reflecting surface on the fixed mirror assembly, and the reflecting surface on the movable mirror assembly;   f. means mounted solely within said second tube for linearly transporting the reflecting surface located on the movable front plate assembly with respect to both the reflecting surface located on the fixed mirror assembly and the beam splitter;   g. two parallel horizontally spaced apart lateral rods disposed in V-blocks on the side walls of the second tube, each of said rods being disposed parallel with the longitudinal axis of the second tube;   h. two horizontally opposed supporting arms mounted to the front plate assembly each having a cylindrical hole therethrough, said holes being coaxial with the lateral rods; and   i. two frictionless bearings mounted within the holes on the supporting arms and supporting the movable front plate assembly in alignment with the lateral rods, whereby the center of support of the frictionless bearings is coincident with the center of gravity of the movable front plate   
     
     
        assembly. .Iaddend. .Iadd.20.  An interferometer as claimed in claim 19 wherein the cylindrical tubes, the fixed mirror assembly, the front plate assembly, and the supporting arms are all fabricated from a common alloy. 
     
     
        .Iaddend. .Iadd.21.  An interferometer as claimed in claim 19 wherein said lateral rods are retained within the V-blocks by spring pins, thereby permitting compensation for the thermal expansion of the rods with respect to the interferometer. .Iaddend. .Iadd.22. An interferometer as claimed in claim 19 wherein said lateral rods are centerless ground stainless steel cylinders. .Iaddend. .Iadd.23. An interferometer as claimed in claim 19 further including a focusing mirror and a detector for detecting and measuring the interference patterns generated by the interferometer. .Iaddend. .Iadd.24. An interferometer for measuring the spectra of incident electromagnetic radiation, comprising: a. first and second enclosed arms joined together with two flanges such that the arms make right angles with each other;   b. a beam splitter mounted at said flanges in optical alignment with said first and second arms;   c. a fixed mirror disposed in said first arm;   d. means for adjustably mounting said fixed mirror so that the orientation thereof can be precisely aligned with respect to the second arm;   e. a movable mirror disposed in said second arm;   f. means for mounting said movable mirror for movement toward and away from said beam splitter;   g. four mounting blocks integrally formed with said second arm and each having V-grooves precisely cut therein, two of said blocks being disposed in registry on one side of said second arm and two of said blocks being disposed in registry on the other side of said second arm;   h. two cylindrical rods laterally disposed in parallel spaced apart relationship by the V-grooves in said mounting blocks;   i. two headings supporting the means for mounting the movable mirror on the two cylindrical rods; and   j. motive means disposed exclusively within said second arm for causing movement of said movable mirror toward and away from said beam splitter.   
     
     
        .Iaddend. .Iadd.25.  In an interferometer for measuring the spectra of incident electromagnetic radiation, a platform, first and second circular hollow cylindrical arms having longitudinal axes, means for rigidly securing said first and second arms to each other at a junction so that the longitudinal axes extend at right angles to each other and to provide a unitary assembly of the first and second arms, a beam splitter mounted between said first and second arms at the junction of said first and second arms, a fixed mirror carried in said first arm spaced from the beam splitter, a movable mirror spaced from the beam splitter, means mounting said movable mirror in said second arm to permit movement of the movable mirror along the longitudinal axis of the second arm, motive means carried by said second arm for causing movement of said movable mirror along the longitudinal axis of said second arm, means for supporting said first and second arms on said platform, a source of white light mounted on said second arm, a secondary fixed mirror mounted in said first arm proximate to said first named fixed mirror, a secondary movable mirror mounted in said second arm proximate to and movable with said first named movable mirror, a secondary beam splitter mounted between said first and second arms proximate to said first named beam splitter for separating the white light into two parts and for subsequently recombining the two parts of the white light after reflection from the secondary fixed mirror and the secondary movable mirror, and a white light detector mounted on the interferometer for receiving recombined white light from the secondary beam splitter whereby an optical measuring point for the interferometer can be determined. .Iaddend.