Rotary beam chopper and scanning system

Abstract

An optical laser beam chopper for converting a continuous beam into a series of scanning impulses for use in perforating a moving web is disclosed. The system utilizes a coherent light source which produces a beam for use in performing a thin paper web of the type used in producing cigarette filters. The beam passes through a rotary chopper, or shutter, system which incorporates a plurality of rotary discs each of which carries one or more annular rings divided into segments. Selected segments on each ring are formed of a reflective material to act as mirrors for the laser beam, while the remaining segments are in the form of apertures which allow the beam to pass through the disc. By properly aligning the various apertures and reflective surfaces, rotation of the discs will cause the beam to be cyclically directed along a variety of paths through the disc arrangement to periodically strike selected target areas on an adjacent target such as a web of paper, the repetitive cycling causing the beam to scan the various target areas. In the preferred form of the invention, the beam produces spaced perforations in the web, with motion of the paper web in a direction perpendicular to the direction of scan of the beam producing longitudinal rows of perforations, adjacent perforations being spaced in accordance with the speed of the web and the rate of scanning. The rotary disc segments thus serve to chop the laser beam into short impulses, each of which is directed to a target area corresponding to the angular position of the rotary disc.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A rotary optical shutter and scanner for dividing a substantially continuous beam of light into a plurality of discrete light impulses and for repetitively scanning the impulses across a series of target areas, comprising: a plurality of .[.coaxial.]. rotatable discs;   at least one annular shutter ring on each said disc .Iadd.and at least two concentric annular shutter rings on at least one of said discs.Iaddend., each shutter ring including at least one group of segments, said rings having corresponding, angularly aligned groups, the segments of each group being arranged in complementary coded sequences of reflective surfaces and through apertures to define multiple light paths between a light source and a target;   means for directing a substantially continuous beam of light toward at least one of said shutter rings for reflection from a reflective surface or passage through an aperture thereof and for subsequent direction toward a first target area or toward a second shutter ring for reflection from a reflective surface thereon or passage through an aperture thereof for direction toward a second target area; and   means for rotating said discs to move said segments of said annular rings into successive alignment with said beam of light whereby said beam is directed successively along said multiple light paths to each of said target areas, continued rotation causing said beam to repetitively traverse said target areas in a scanning motion.   
     
     
       2. The optical shutter and scanner of claim 1, further including reflective mirror means mounted adjacent said discs for directing said beam along said light paths. .[.3. The optical shutter of claim 1 wherein at least 
     
     
        one of said discs carries two concentric, annular shutter rings..]. .[.4. The optical shutter of claim 1, wherein each of said discs carries a single optical shutter ring, each said corresponding to, and directing 
     
     
        said light beam toward, a predetermined target area..]. 5. The optical shutter of claim 1, wherein said coded shutter ring segments are so aligned that said continuous beam is deflected along said multiple paths sequentially to divide said beam into a plurality of discrete light impulses each having substantially the same intensity as said original 
     
     
        continuous beam. 6. The optical shutter of claim 5, wherein each group of segments includes n segments, the corresponding segments on each of said annular shutter rings being so coded as to direct said light beam along each of n optical paths to n corresponding target areas upon rotation of said discs. .[.7. The optical shutter of claim 6, wherein said plurality of rotatable discs comprises n discs, each of said discs carrying a single optical shutter ring..]. .[.8. The optical shutter of claim 6, wherein said plurality or rotatable discs comprises two discs, at least one of said discs carrying two concentric, annular shutter rings, said shutter further including reflective mirror means mounted adjacent said discs for cooperation with said segments in directing said beam along said light 
     
     
        paths..]. 9. The optical shutter of claim 6, wherein n-l annular shutter 
     
     
        rings are provided. 10. The optical shutter of claim 1, wherein each shutter ring includes at least two groups of segments to produce at least two scans of said .[.target area.]. .Iadd.series of target areas 
     
     
        .Iaddend.by said beam for each revolution of said rotatable discs. 11. The optical shutter of claim 1, further including web means adjacent said discs, said target areas being spaced locations on said .Iadd.series of 
     
     
        .Iaddend.web means. 12. The optical shutter of claim 11, further including means for moving said web with respect to and in synchronization with said discs whereby successive traverses of said .Iadd.series of .Iaddend.target 
     
     
        areas by said beam of light will scan different areas of said web. 13. The optical shutter of claim 12, wherein said source of light is a laser having sufficient intensity to perforate said web at each of said .Iadd.series of .Iaddend.target areas to produce a .[.row.]. .Iadd.series 
     
     
        .Iaddend.of perforations across said web for each scan of said beam. 
     
     
        14. The optical shutter of claim 13, wherein said web is paper. 15. An optical scanner for dividing a continuous beam of light into a sequence of n light impulses and directing each of said impulses to a corresponding discrete target area, said scanner directing said impulses to all of said target areas during a time period t, each light impulse having substantially the same intensity as said beam of light but having a duration of approximately t/n comprising: first and second spaced, parallel discs coaxially mounted for rotation on a common shaft;   a first annular shutter ring carried by and coaxial with said first disc;   second and third concentric annular shutter rings carried by and coaxial with said second disc;   first, second and third groups of n segments formed on said first, second and third shutter rings, respectively, said segments being angularly spaced along said shutter rings with corresponding segments on said shutter rings being angularly aligned with each other, the corresponding segments subtending the same angle at the axis of said shaft and being arranged in complementary coded sequences of reflective surfaces and through apertures at n spaced angular locations about said shaft to define n light paths between a light source and n discrete target areas, the segments at each spaced angular location about said shaft defining a distinct light path to a target area;   means for directing an incoming beam of light toward said second shutter ring for reflection from a reflective segment to said first shutter ring or passage through an aperture segment to said third shutter ring and for subsequent reflection from or passage through corresponding segments of said first or third shutter rings to follow one or another of said light paths depending upon the angular position of said discs with respect to said incoming beam of light; and   means for rotating said discs whereby said light beam follows each of said light paths in sequence and is thereby divided into n impulses which are directed to corresponding target areas in sequence to provide a single scan of said target areas upon rotation of said discs through the angle   
     
     
        subtending said group of segments. 16. The optical scanner of claim 15, wherein said discs rotate through an angle corresponding to a group of segments in a time t, and wherein the beam impinges on each target area 
     
     
        for a time equal to t/n. 17. The optical scanner of claim 16, further including mirror means adjacent said discs for further defining said 
     
     
        paths. 18. The optical scanner of claim 17, wherein n=4. 19. The optical scanner of claim 17, wherein each shutter ring carries at least two groups of segments, whereby said target areas are scanned twice for each 
     
     
        revolution of said discs. 20. The optical scanner of claim 17 wherein at least some of said segments are not a part of any of said light paths, at least one segment in each group being reflective and at least one segment in each group being a through aperture, the remainder of said segments being closed. .Iadd. 21. The optical shutter of claim 1 wherein said plurality of rotatable discs are parallel to one another and carried on a single shaft. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 22. A rotary beam interrupter and scanner system for dividing a continuous beam of light from a laser into a plurality of discrete beam impulses having different paths with substantially no loss of beam energy, each beam impulse having substantially the same intensity and energy as said original continuous beam comprising: a movable web of tipping paper having a plurality of target areas arranged transversely across the web;   at least two rotatable planar disc elements, said disc elements being adapted to rotate in corresponding spaced-apart parallel planes;   at least one annular shutter ring on each of said disc elements, each shutter ring including at least one group of segments, said rings having corresponding, angularly aligned groups, the segments of each group being arranged in complementary coded sequences of reflective surfaces and through apertures to define multiple light paths, each path leading from a single light source to one of said target areas on said tipping paper;   means for directing a substantially continuous beam of light from a laser toward at least one of said shutter rings for reflection from a reflective surface thereon or passage through an aperture thereof, and for subsequent direction toward a first of said target areas or toward a second shutter ring for reflection from a reflective surface thereon or passage through an aperture thereof for direction toward a second of said target areas on said web; and   means for rotating said disc elements in their corresponding parallel planes to move said segments of said annular rings into successive alignment with said beam of light, said beam being directed successively along said multiple light paths to each corresponding target area, to produce a row of spaced perforations in said web, continued rotation causing said beam to repetitively scan the target areas so that longitudinal motion of said web produces a series of perforations along the length of said web, the spacing between adjacent perforations being dependent upon the linear speed of the web in the longitudinal direction with respect to the speed of rotation of said disc elements.   
     
     
        .Iaddend..Iadd. 23.  The device of claim 22, further including means for moving said web longitudinally with respect to said target areas, whereby said perforations are longitudinally spaced along said web. .Iaddend..Iadd. 24. The device of claim 22, wherein said shutter rings carried by said rotatable disc elements are of different diameters. .Iaddend..Iadd. 25. The device of claim 22, wherein said rotatable disc elements are coaxial. .Iaddend..Iadd. 26. The device of claim 25, wherein said rotatable disc elements are mounted on a common shaft. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 27. An optical scanner for dividing a continuous beam of light into a sequence of n light impulses and directing each of said impulses to a corresponding one of n discrete target areas, said scanner repetitively directing a single impulse to each of said target areas in sequence within a time period t, each light impulse having substantially the same intensity as said beam of light, but having a duration of approximately t/n, comprising: (a) at least one disc adapted for rotation about an axis;   (b) a plurality of concentric, annular shutter rings carried by said rotatable disc, the number of shutter rings being at least equal to n-1;   (c) at least one group of segments formed on each of said shutter rings, said rings having corresponding groups angularly aligned with each other with respect to said disc axis, and each said group having corresponding segments angularly aligned with each other so that corresponding segments subtend the same angle at said axis, said segments in each group and in each shutter ring being arranged in complementary coded sequences of reflective surfaces and through apertures at n spaced angular locations about said axis to define n light paths between a light source and n discrete target areas, the segments at each spaced angular location about said axis defining a distinct light path to a target area;   (d) means for directing an incoming beam of light toward at least one of said plurality of shutter rings for reflection from a reflective segment or passage through an aperture segment thereof for direction to target area or to another of said shutter rings; and   (e) means for rotating said disc whereby said light beam follows each of said light paths in sequence and is thereby divided into n impluses which are directed to corresponding target areas in sequence to provide a single scan of all of said target areas upon rotation of said discs through the   
     
     
        angle subtending said group of segments. .Iadd. 28.  The scanner of claim 27 wherein all of said shutter rings are carried by a single disc, and further including a plurality of stationary reflective beam diverters adjacent said disc and cooperating with selected ones of said aperture rings to form portions of said light paths. .Iadd. 29. Apparatus for perforating multiple holes in a web of tipping paper, comprising: (a) a movable web of tipping paper;   (b) a plurality of target areas arranged tranversely across the web;   (c) a plurality of rotatable disc elements adapted to rotate in corresponding spaced-apart parallel planes;   (d) at least one annular shutter ring on each said disc element, each shutter ring including at least one group of segments, said rings having corresponding angularly aligned groups, the segments of each group being arranged in complementary coded sequences of reflective surfaces and through apertures to define multiple light paths between a light source and said target areas;   (e) means for directing a substantially continuous beam of light from a laser toward at least one of said shutter rings for reflection from a reflective surface or passage through an aperture thereof and for subsequent direction toward a first one of said target areas or toward a second shutter ring for reflection from a reflective surface thereon or passage through an aperture thereof for direction toward a second one of said target areas;   (f) means for rotating said discs to move said segments of said annular rings into successive alignment with said beam of light to direct said beam successively along said multiple paths to each of said target areas so that said beam of light traverses said target areas to perforate the web at each target area; and   (g) means for moving said web with respect to and in synchronization with the rotation of said rings to regulate the spacing of said perforations along the length of the web.