Sorting system and apparatus

Abstract

Method, apparatus and system for sorting objects exhibiting identifiable dynamic response to vibrational phenomena, such objects including tomatoes and other comestibles. The system utilizes an elongate sorting zone incorporating a surface which oscillates at a predetermined frequency and amplitude which varies from a minimum at the input of the zone to a maximum value at the output thereof. Conveyor belts transport the objects to be sorted along the zone for a coding interval promoting their dynamic reaction with the oscillatory surface. Objects with higher resilience characteristic are rejected from the zone, while those exhibiting a lesser resilience are transported therethrough. The oscillatory surface is dynamically balanced and readily mounted upon field harvesting devices. By adjustment of frequency of the sorting zone oscillatory surfaces, a multistage sorting system is made available.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. Sorting apparatus for objects exhibiting identifiable dynamic response to vibrational phenomena comprising: means for introducing a quantity of said objects at the entrance location of a sorting zone extending along a given longitudinal axis;   means defining an oscillatory surface within said zone and extending along said longitudinal axis;   drive means including a dynamically balanced rotative drive member actuable to impart oscillation of predetermined frequency and amplitude characteristics to said oscillatory surface;   transporter means including a conveyer surface within said zone extending from said entrance location in parallel relationship with said longitudinal axis and adjacent said oscillatory surface for sequentially moving said objects within said zone in orientations promoting the kinetic reaction thereof with said oscillatory surface;   means adjacent said zone for receiving reacted said objects exhibiting predetermined dynamic response characteristics to said kinetic reaction; and   means for simultaneously actuating said drive means and said transporter means.   
     
     
       2. The sorting apparatus of claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.42 .Iaddend.in which said .[.drive.]. .Iadd.oscillating .Iaddend.means .[.rotative drive member.]. is configured to impart .[.a said.]. .Iadd.an .Iaddend.oscillation of varying amplitude commencing from a lowest value in the vicinity of .[.said.]. .Iadd.an .Iaddend.entrance location .[.of said sorting zone.]. and progressively increasing outwardly therefrom. 
     
     
       3. The sorting apparatus of claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.42 .Iaddend.in which .[.said drive means.]. .Iadd.the .Iaddend.frequency .Iadd.of the oscillating means .Iaddend.is selected from between about 20 and 100 Hertz and said amplitude is selected between about 0.0 and 0.4 inch. 
     
     
       4. The sorting apparatus of claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.42 .Iaddend.in which: said .[.transporter means.]. .Iadd.conveyer surface .Iaddend.comprises two said conveyer surfaces provided by corresponding endless belts oppositely disposed along said longitudinal axis and supported to slope inwardly toward said oscillatory surface; and   .[.said.]. .Iadd.said apparatus comprises .Iaddend.receiving means .[.includes.]. .Iadd.for the objects to be sorted including .Iaddend.first receiver means positioned to receive said objects removed from the vicinity of said oscillatory surface by said two conveyer surfaces, and second receiver means situate adjacent the outwardly disposed peripheries of said two conveyer surfaces.   
     
     
       5. The sorting apparatus of claim 4 in which each said conveyer surface is supported to derive a said slope of about 20° with respect to horizontal. 
     
     
       6. The sorting apparatus of claim 4 .[.in which said.]. .Iadd.including .Iaddend.introducing means .[.is.]. configured with respect to said .[.drive.]. .Iadd.oscillating .Iaddend.means to effect a simultaneous, sequential, single-file introduction of said objects to said two conveyer surfaces. 
     
     
       7. The sorting apparatus of claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.42 .Iaddend.in which: (a) said .[.drive.]. .Iadd.oscillating .Iaddend.means comprises:   a .[.said.]. drive member present as an elongate shaft extending along said longitudinal axis from a first terminus in the vicinity of .[.said.]. .Iadd.an .Iaddend.entrance location to a second terminus;   bearing means for supporting said shaft at least in the vicinity of said first and second termini for symmetrical rotation about said longitudinal axis;   means defining a bearing surface situate upon said shaft intermediate said first and second termini, moveable in driven relationship with said shaft and having an axis of rotation eccentric with respect to said longitudinal axis; and   (b) said .[.means defining an.]. oscillatory surface comprises a supporting component arranged in driven relationship with said bearing surface and fixed to said oscillatory surface so as to convey an oscillatory motion thereto when said shaft is rotated.   
     
     
       8. The sorting apparatus of claim 7 in which said .[.drive.]. .Iadd.oscillating .Iaddend.means includes a counterweight associated with said shaft at a location selected to derive .[.said.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.dynamic balance. 
     
     
       9. The sorting apparatus of claim 7 in which said .[.means defining an.]. oscillatory surface includes flexible restraining means fixed against rotation with respect to said bearing surface and fixed to said oscillatory surface for restraining the rotation of said surface about said eccentric axis of rotation while permitting the oscillatory movement thereof upon the rotation of said shaft. 
     
     
       10. The sorting apparatus of claim 7 in which said means defining a bearing surface is positioned upon said shaft in the vicinity of said second terminus. 
     
     
       11. The sorting apparatus of claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.42 .Iaddend.in which: (a) said .[.drive.]. .Iadd.oscillating .Iaddend.means comprises:   a .[.said.]. drive member present as an elongate shaft extending along said longitudinal axis from a first terminus in the vicinity of .[.said.]. .Iadd.an .Iaddend.entrance location .[.of said zone.]. to a second terminus in the vicinity of an end of said .[.zone opposite said entrance location.]. .Iadd.oscillatory surface.Iaddend.;   first and second bearing means situate respectively in the vicinity of said first and second termini for supporting said shaft for rotation about said longitudinal axis;   a first bearing surface situate upon said shaft in the vicinity of said first terminus;   a second bearing surface situate upon said shaft in the vicinity of said second terminus and having a circular profile the central axis of which is eccentric with respect to said longitudinal axis; and   (b) said .[.means defining an.]. oscillatory surface comprises:   first support means fixed to said oscillatory surface and rotatable upon said first bearing surface;   second support means fixed to said oscillatory surface and rotatable upon said second bearing surface;   restraining means associated with said first support means and oscillatory surface for restraining said surface against rotation about said central axis while permitting the oscillation thereof with respect to said longitudinal axis.   
     
     
       12. The sorting apparatus of claim 11 including means associated with said shaft for effecting the dynamic balance thereof. 
     
     
       13. The sorting apparatus of claim 11 in which the said eccentricity of said second bearing surface central axis is selected as about 0.20 inch. 
     
     
       14. The sorting apparatus of claim 11 in which said first bearing surface is of circular profile, the central axis of said profile being coaxial with said longitudinal axis. 
     
     
       15. The sorting apparatus of claim 11 in which: said .[.transporter means.]. .Iadd.conveyer surface .Iaddend.comprises two .[.said.]. conveyer surfaces provided by corresponding endless belts oppositely disposed along said longitudinal axis and supported to slope inwardly toward said .[.oscillating.]. .Iadd.oscillatory .Iaddend.surface; and   .[.said.]. .Iadd.said apparatus comprises .Iaddend.receiving means .[.includes.]. .Iadd.for the objects to be sorted including .Iaddend.first receiver means positioned to receive said objects removed from the vicinity of said oscillatory surface by said two conveyer surfaces, and second receiver means situate adjacent the outwardly disposed peripheries of said two conveyer surfaces.   
     
     
       16. The sorting apparatus of claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.42 .Iaddend.in which: (a) said .[.drive.]. .Iadd.oscillating .Iaddend.means .[.rotative drive member.]. extends substantially between a first terminus in the vicinity of .Iadd.an .Iaddend.entrance location .[.of said zone.]. and a second terminus in the vicinity of an end of said .[.zone opposite said entrance location.]. .Iadd.oscillatory surface .Iaddend.and is mounted for eccentric rotation about said longitudinal axis; and   (b) .[.said means defining said oscillatory surface comprises a thin, flexible, sheet-like member positioned in mutually contacting adjacency over said rotative member, fixed against rotation therewith and oscillatory in response to the rotative actuation thereof.]. .Iadd.a thin flexible, sheet-like member fixed against rotation is provided enclosing said oscillatory surface.Iaddend..   
     
     
       17. The sorting apparatus of claim 16 in which said .[.means definind said.].  oscillatory surface includes weight means connected with said sheet-like member for .[.urging said member into said mutually contacting adjacency.]. .Iadd.holding said member in proper operating position.Iaddend.. 
     
     
       18. The sorting apparatus of claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.42 .Iaddend.in which said .[.rotative drive member.]. .Iadd.oscillatory surface .Iaddend.is configured and mounted to effect a said eccentric rotation exhibiting an eccentricity which increases in extent from .[.said first terminus to said second terminus.]. .Iadd.one end of said surface to the other.Iaddend.. 
     
     
       19. The sorting apparatus of claim 16 in which said sheet-like member is a polymeric membrane having a thickness of about 0.004 inch. 
     
     
       20. The method for sorting a quantity of discrete objects exhibiting classifiable dynamic response to vibrational phenomena comprising the steps of: introducing a quantity of said objects to the input of a sorting zone;   transporting said objects in sequential, single file fashion upon a narrow conveyer surface moving in a given direction through said zone;   simultaneously with said transporting, promoting a kinetic reaction of said objects by contact thereof with a surface disposed along said zone and oscillating at a predetermined frequency and .[.at amplitudes.]. .Iadd.so as to move any point on the oscillatory surface about a circular locus the diameter of which is equivalent to the amplitude of the oscillation, said amplitude .Iaddend.increasing .Iadd.uniformly .Iaddend.in value along said zone respectively from said input to the output thereof;   receiving said objects of one class dynamically reacting to said contact by ejective movement transverse to said given direction; and   receiving said objects of another class transported through said zone and exiting from said output thereof.   
     
     
       21. The method for sorting objects of claim 20 including the step of adjusting said frequency of oscillation of said surface to improve the accuracy of sorting of said objects between said one class and said other class. 
     
     
       22. The method for sorting objects of claim 20 in which said objects are comestibles and said frequency and maximum value of said amplitude are selected for establishing said one and other class with respect to a predetermined value thereof for human consumption. 
     
     
       23. The method for sorting objects of claim 20 in which the step for promoting a kinetic reaction by contact with said oscillating surface is gravitationally ∫affected.]. .Iadd.effected .Iaddend.by the inclination of said conveyer surface toward said oscillating surface. .[.24. The method for sorting objects of claim 20 in which the step for promoting a kinetic reaction by contact with said surface is provided by an oscillation thereof wherein any point of the surface moves about a circular locus the diameter of which is equivalent to the said amplitude 
     
     
        of oscillation..]. 25. The method for sorting objects of claim .[.24.]. .Iadd.21 .Iaddend.in which said objects are comestibles and said frequency and maximum value of said amplitude are selected for establishing said one and other class with respect to a predetermined value thereof for human 
     
     
        consumption. 26. The method for sorting tomatoes in accordance with the degree of ripeness thereof comprising the steps of: introducing a quantity of said tomatoes of a given cultivar to the input of a sorting zone;   transporting said tomatoes in sequential, single file fashion upon a narrow conveyer surface moving in a given direction in said zone;   simultaneously with said transporting, effecting the contact of said tomatoes to promote the kinetic reaction thereof with a surface disposed along said zone and oscillating at the frequency selected with respect to said cultivar within the range of about 0 to 100 Hertz .[.and.]..Iadd., .Iaddend.at an amplitude selected within the range of about 0 to 0.38 inch; .Iadd.and so as to move any point on the oscillatory surface about a circular locus the diameter of which is equivalent to the amplitude of the oscillation .Iaddend.   receiving tomatoes dynamically reacting to said contact by ejective movement transverse to said given direction; and   
     
     
       receiving tomatoes which have passed through said zone. 27. The method for sorting tomatoes of claim 26 in which said step of contacting said tomatoes with an oscillating surface is carried out in a manner wherein said contact is effected at progressively enlarging amplitudes of 
     
     
        oscillation of said surface. 28. The method for sorting tomatoes of claim 26 in which said contacting of said tomatoes with said oscillating surface is gravitationally effected by the inclination of said conveyer surface toward said oscillating surface. .[.29. The method for sorting tomatoes of claim 26 in which said contact of said tomatoes with said oscillating surface is provided by an oscillation of said surface in a manner wherein any point of the surface is moved to define a circular locus of motion the diameter of which is equivalent to the said amplitude of oscillation..]. 
     
     
          . The method for sorting tomatoes of claim 26 including the step of adjusting said frequency of oscillation of said surface to improve the 
     
     
        accuracy of sorting of said tomatoes. 31. A system for sorting bulk quantities of tomatoes which may contain classes thereof designated as green, pink, firm ripe, soft ripe, and overripe to effect the segregation of select classes thereof, comprising: means for receiving said bulk quantity of tomatoes;   first vibrational sorting stage means for transporting said tomatoes from said receiving means through a first sorting zone in contacting relationship with a surface oscillating about a curvilinear locus at a frequency selected between about 60 to 100 Hertz and at a maximum amplitude selected within the range of about 0.20 to 0.25 inch to vibrationally eject green designated tomatoes from said first zone for disposal, while transporting pink, overripe, firm ripe and soft ripe designated tomatoes therethrough;   second vibrational sorting stage means for receiving said tomatoes transported through said first sorting zone and transporting said tomatoes through a second sorting zone in contacting relationship with a surface oscillating about a curvilinear locus at a frequency selected between about 25 to 30 Hertz and at a maximum amplitude selected as about 0.38 inch to vibrationally eject pink, firm ripe and soft ripe designated tomatoes therethrough; and   means for receiving said ejected pink, firm ripe and soft ripe designated   
     
     
        tomatoes. 32. The system for sorting bulk quantities of tomatoes of claim 31 wherein at least one said first and second vibrational sorting stage means includes means for selectively adjusting the said frequency of said 
     
     
        surface oscillation to optimize sorting stage performance. 33. The system for sorting bulk quantities of tomatoes of claim 31 wherein a said vibrational sorting stage means surface is configured to oscillate such that any point thereof moves about a circular locus the diameter of which 
     
     
        is equivalent in extent to the said amplitude of oscillation. 34. The system for sorting bulk quantities of tomatoes of claim 31 in which a said sorting stage means is configured for effecting said surface oscillation at progressively enlarging values of amplitude along an associated said 
     
     
        sorting zone. 35. The system for sorting bulk quantities of tomatoes of claim 31 further comprising: third vibrational sorting stage means for receiving said tomatoes transported through said second sorting zone and transporting said received tomatoes through a third sorting zone in contacting relationship with a surface oscillating about a curvilinear locus at a frequency selected between about 50 to 60 Hertz and at a maximum amplitude of about 0.20 inch to vibrationally eject pink designated tomatoes from said third zone while transporting firm ripe and soft ripe designated tomatoes therethrough;   fourth vibrational sorting stage means for receiving said tomatoes transported through said third sorting zone and transporting said received tomatoes through a fourth sorting zone in contacting relationship with a surface oscillating about a curvilinear locus at a frequency selected between about 40 to 50 Hertz and at maximum amplitude of about 0.30 inch to vibrationally eject firm ripe designated tomatoes from said fourth zone while transporting soft ripe designated tomatoes therethrough; and   said receiving means includes first means for receiving said pink and soft ripe designated tomatoes and second means for receiving said firm ripe   
     
     
        designated tomatoes. 36. The system for sorting bulk quantities of tomatoes of claim 34 wherein any point of a said vibrational sorting stage means surface is configured for oscillation defining a circular locus the diameter of which is equivalent in extent to the said amplitude of 
     
     
        oscillation. 37. The system for sorting bulk quantities of tomatoes of claim 34 wherein at least one said first second vibrational sorting stage means includes means for selectively adjusting the said frequency of said 
     
     
        surface oscillation to optimize sorting stage performance. 38. The system for sorting bulk quantities of tomatoes of claim 34 in which a said sorting stage means is configured for effecting said surface oscillation at progressively enlarging values of amplitude along an associated said 
     
     
        sorting zone. 39. The system for sorting bulk quantities of tomatoes of claim 38 wherein any point of a said vibrational sorting stage means surface is configured for oscillation defining a circular locus the 
     
     
        diameter of which equals the said amplitude of oscillation. 40. In tomato harvesting apparatus of a variety wherein means are provided for mechanically removing tomato laden vines from their field situs of growth and transported to automatic means for separating substantially all of said tomatoes from said vines and loading means for transporting said separated tomatoes to receiving means, the improvement comprising: means for introducing said separated tomatoes to the entrance of a first sorting zone situate upon said harvesting apparatus and extending to a zone exit;   means defining an oscillatory surface within and extending along said zone;   transporter means including at least one conveyer surface within said zone extending from said entrance in substantially parallel relationship with and adjacent to said oscillatory surface for sequentially moving said tomatoes within said zone toward said exit in orientations promoting the kinetic reaction thereof with said oscillatory surface;   drive means including a dynamically balanced rotative drive member actuable to impart oscillation of frequency and amplitude characteristic to said oscillatory surface predetermined for effecting the ejection transversely from said zone of green designated tomatoes;   means adjacent said sorting zone for effecting disposed of said transversely ejected green designated tomatoes upon said field;   said loading means being configured for receiving tomatoes transported from   
     
     
        said sorting zone exit by said transporter means. 41. The improved tomatoe harvesting apparatus of claim 40 further including: means for receiving said tomatoes transported from said first sorting zone exit and introducing said thus received tomatoes to the entrance of a second sorting zone situate upon said harvesting apparatus and extending to a second zone exit,   means defining a second oscillatory surface within and extending along said second zone;   transporter means including at least one conveyer surface within said second zone extending from said entrance thereof in substantially parallel relationship with and adjacent to said oscillatory surface for sequentially moving tomatoes within said second zone toward said exit thereof in orientations promoting the kinetic reaction thereof with said oscillatory surface;   drive means including a dynamically balanced rotative drive member actuable to impact oscillation of predetermined frequency and amplitude characteristic to said second oscillatory surface predetermined for effecting the ejection transversely from said second zone of tomatoes having a maturity designation other than overripe;   means for receiving overripe designated tomatoes transported from said second sorting zone exit by said conveyer surface extending therethrough and effecting the disposal thereof upon said field;   said loading means being configured for receiving only tomatoes ejected from said second sorting zone. .Iadd. 42. Sorting apparatus including,   an oscillatory surface having a longitudinal axis, means for oscillating said oscillatory surface, so as to move any point on the oscillatory surface about a circular locus the diameter of which is equivalent to the amplitude of the oscillation   a conveyer surface extending along the oscillatory surface generally parallel to said axis and sloping downward toward the oscillatory surface, means for moving said conveyer surface in a longitudinal path generally parallel to said axis,   the oscillatory surface being supported on mountings and means for reducing the transmission of oscillations to said mountings. .Iaddend..Iadd. 43. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein said oscillating means provides oscillations not substantially greater than 100 Hertz. .Iaddend..Iadd. 44. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said oscillating means provides oscillations of an amplitude not substantially greater than 0.4 inches. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 45. The apparatus of claim 44 wherein the oscillating means comprises a dynamically balanced rotational drive member. .Iaddend..Iadd. 46. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein the oscillating means comprises a dynamically balanced rotational drive member. .Iaddend..Iadd. 47. The sorting apparatus of claim 42 wherein the means for reducing the transmission of oscillations comprises a dynamically balanced rotary drive member actuable to impart oscillations to said oscillatory surface. .Iaddend..Iadd. 48. The sorting apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said drive member is configured to impart oscillation of predetermined frequency and amplitude characteristics substantially uniformly to said oscillatory surface. .Iaddend..Iadd. 49. The sorting apparatus of claim 42 wherein the oscillatory surface is an elongated, rigid surface and wherein said means for oscillating comprises means for moving one end of said oscillatory surface through a motion different than the motion at the other end of said elongated oscillatory surface, thereby imparting oscillations of different amplitudes to said oscillatory surface at locations along said axis. .Iaddend..Iadd. 50. Apparatus for sorting comestibles, including:   (a) an elongated oscillatory surface having a longitudinal axis;   (b) a first drive mechanism for oscillating said oscillatory surface;   (c) a conveyer surface extending along the oscillatory surface generally parallel to said axis and sloping downward toward the oscillatory surface;   (d) a second drive mechanism for moving said conveyor surface in a longitudinal path generally parallel to said axis; and   (e) said first drive mechanism including means for moving one end of said oscillatory surface through a motion different than the motion at the other end of said oscillatory surface, thereby imparting oscillations of different amplitudes to said elongated oscillatory surface at locations along said axis. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 51. The apparatus of claim 50 wherein the first drive mechanism includes means for moving any point on the oscillatory surface about a circular locus the diameter of which is equivalent to the amplitude of the oscillation. .Iaddend..Iadd. 52. The apparatus of claim 50 wherein the first drive mechanism comprises a dynamically balanced rotational drive member. .Iadd. 53. The apparatus of claim 50 wherein the first drive mechanism includes a rotary member which is elongated along said axis. .Iaddend.