Electronic musical instrument utilizing data processing system

Abstract

A CPU of a computer, or preferably a so-called microprocessor controls the tone waveshape generation. A tone generator unit, an instrument keyboard unit, a tone quality control unit are connected to a common data bus to which the CPU and the associated memories are also connected. Thus, the tone generator unit may be considered as a terminal unit of a computer system. Hence, the freedom in selecting the algorithm for generating a waveshape and the freedom in selecting and changing the parameters related to the waveshape generation are substantially increased. And therefore a gradually changing waveshape is very easily generated in one embodiment of this invention.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic musical instrument comprising: a central processing unit having arithmetic logics, control circuits, and registers,   memories for storing the programs related to the data processing by said central processing unit, and the necessary data for controlling the generation of a musical tone,   a CPU control unit for transmitting control signals to said central processing unit,   a common data bus to which said central processing unit, said memories, and said CPU control unit are connected,   terminal units connected to said common data bus, said terminal units including equipments for producing musical tones and comprising at least a tone generator unit, a tone quality control unit, an instrument keyboard unit,   key on-off signals generated at said instrument keyboard unit and tone quality control signals selected at said tone quality control unit being processed to produce a musical tone at said tone generator unit corresponding to said key on-off signals and said selected tone quality control signals, and wherein:   said tone generator unit has a digital filter, the output of said digital filter being connected to the input of said digital filter after a predetermined time delay, constituting a recycling circuit for a digital code, a digital representation of a waveshape being first input to said digital filter as the initial value of said recycling digital code.   
     
     
       2. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1 wherein said terminal units further comprises at least one MODEM unit connected to said common data bus, said MODEM unit modulating or demodulating the signals on or to said common data bus for transmitting and/or for recording said signals on or to said common data bus. 
     
     
       3. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1 wherein said terminal units further comprises a display unit connected to said common data bus for displaying status of said electronic musical instrument. 
     
     
       4. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1 wherein said terminal units includes plural tone generator units. 
     
     
       5. An electronic musical instrument comprising: a central processing unit having arithmetic logics, control circuits, and registers,   memories for storing the programs related to the data processing by said central processing unit, and the necessary data for controlling the generation of a musical tone,   a CPU control unit for transmitting control signals to said central processing unit,   a common data bus to which said central processing unit, said memories, and said CPU control unit are connected,   terminal units connected to said common data bus, said terminal units including equipments for producing musical tones and comprising at least a tone generator unit, a tone quality control unit, an instrument keyboard unit,   key on-off signals generated at said instrument keyboard unit and tone quality control signals selected at said tone quality control unit being processed to produce a musical tone at said tone generator unit corresponding to said key on-off signals and said selected tone quality control signals, and wherein:   said tone generator unit has a digital filter, the output of said digital filter being delayed by a predetermined time and being summed by a digital representation of a waveshape to compose an output of a resultant waveshape, and said output of said resultant waveshape being connected to the input of said digital filter, constituting a recycling circuit.   
     
     
       6. An electronic musical instrument comprising: a central processing unit having arithmetic logics, control circuits, and registers,   memories for storing the programs related to the data processing by said central processing unit, and the necesary data for controlling the generation of a musical tone,   a CPU control unit for transmitting control signals to said central processing unit,   a common data bus to which said central processing unit, said memories, and said CPU control unit are connected,   terminal units connected to said common data bus, said terminal units including equipments for producing musical tones and comprising at least a tone generator unit, a tone quality control unit, an instrument keyboard unit,   key on-off signals generated at said instrument keyboard unit and tone quality control signals selected at said tone quality control unit being processed to produce a musical tone at said tone generator unit corresponding to said key on-off signals and said selected tone quality control signals, and wherein:   said tone generator unit has a digital waveshape generator that produces a digital code representing a musical waveshape, and a first-in-first-out type memory, said first-in-first-out type memory being intermittently written by the digital code representing a waveshape at a constant writing rate, and said first-in-first-out type memory being continually read out at a variable rate corresponding to the fundamental .[.read out at a variable rate corresponding to the fundamental.]. frequency of the musical tone to be generated, said variable rate being always lower than said constant writing rate.   
     
     
       7. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1 wherein said tone generator unit has a control circuit which changes the number of sample points for a complete one cycle of a waveshape when said waveshape is represented by a digital code, said number of said sample points being halved when the fundamental frequency of the musical tone to be generated is raised by one octave. 
     
     
       8. A tone generator comprising: an initial waveshape generator for providing at regular clock intervals successive digital amplitude samples of a musical waveshape,   digital filter means, connected to receive and digitally filter said amplitude samples from said waveshape generator, for producing a resultant set of amplitude samples of a digitally filtered musical waveshape,   sound system conversion means for converting digital amplitude samples to musical tones, and   waveshape selector means for selectively providing to said sound system conversion means either the amplitude samples from said initial waveshape generator or the amplitude samples from said digital filter means, said conversion means thereby selectively producing two corresponding musical tones of different tonal quality.   
     
     
       9. A tone generator according to claim 8 wherein: said initial waveshape generator produces amplitude samples of a musical waveshape that is established by a first set of digital parameter codes, wherein:   said digital filter means has filter parameters which are established by a second set of digital parameter codes, wherein:   said waveshape selector means is responsive to a waveshape changeover code, together with:   computer control means, connected to said initial waveshape generator, said digital filter and said selector means, for programmatically providing said first set of digital parameter codes to said initial waveshape generator, said second set of parameter codes to said filter, and said changeover code to said selector means, said computer control means thereby programmatically controlling the tonal quality of the musical tones produced by said tone generator.   
     
     
       10. A tone generator according to claim 9 wherein said initial waveshape generator comprises: a plurality of memories each storing the amplitude samples of a corresponding waveshape,   addressing means for accessing successive amplitude samples concurrently from each of said plurality of memories at said regular clock intervals,   a like plurality of multipliers, each connected to an associated one of said memories, for multiplying each amplitude sample accessed from said associated memory by a multiplier value established by a corresponding one of said first set of parameter codes, and   combining means for combining the multiplied accessed amplitude samples from all of said memories to provide said intial waveshape generator amplitude samples.   
     
     
       11. A tone generator according to claim 10 wherein said digital filter means is connected to receive and filter amplitude samples from the output of said waveshape selector means, said filter means including a "filtered waveshape" memory for storing digitally filtered amplitude samples, said addressing means also being connected to access successive digitally filtered amplitude samples from said "filtered waveshape" memory, said accessed filtered amplitude samples being supplied to said waveshape selector means. 
     
     
       12. A tone generator according to claim 11 wherein said sound system conversion means includes: a first in, first out memory connected to receive amplitude samples from said waveshape selector means,   note clock rate access means, connected to said first in, first out memory and operative in response to a selected note, for causing said first in, first out memory to output amplitude samples stored therein at a rate associated with the frequency of said selected note, and   a sound system for converting the amplitude samples output from said first in, first out memory to musical tones,   said addressing means operating at a rate greater than said note frequency associated rate so that amplitude samples are supplied to said first in, first out memory faster than they are output therefrom.   
     
     
       13. A tone generator according to claim 11 wherein said plurality of memories and said "filtered waveshape"  memory are accessed by an n-bit binary address code, said addressing means including: an address counter advanced at a fixed clock rate,   octave control means for producing a binary address code corresponding to certain subsets of the parallel output bits of said address counter, said subset being established in accordance with an octave control code supplied thereto.   
     
     
       14. A tone generator according to claim 8 wherein said digital filter means comprises: a randomly accessible, shift-register type memory, the output of said memory being connected to one input of said selector means, and   a digital filter having selectable filter parameters, the input of said digital filter being connected to the output of said selector means, the output of said digital filter being connected to the input of said shift register.   
     
     
       15. A tone generator comprising: waveshape amplitude source means for supplying amplitude samples of a musical waveshape at a controlled supply rate,   a first in, first out memory connected to receive and store the amplitude samples supplied from said source means,   sound system means for converting amplitude samples output from said first in, first out memory to musical tones, and   note clock controlled readout means, connected to said first in, first out memory, for causing said first in, first out memory to output amplitude samples to said sound system means at a readout rate related to the frequency of a selected musical note, said controlled supply rate being greater than said readout rate.   
     
     
       16. A tone generator according to claim 15 wherein said first in, first out memory has n amplitude sample storage locations, and further comprising: input inhibit means, cooperatively connected to said source means and said note clock controlled readout means, for causing said source means to cease supplying said amplitude samples after each n amplitude samples have been supplied to and stored by said first in, first out memory, and for causing said source means again to start supplying amplitude samples after said stored n amplitude samples have been output from said first in, first out memory control of said note clock controlled readout means.   
     
     
       17. A tone generator according to claim 16 including a master clock generator producing system clock pulses at a first rate, said note clock controlled readout means receiving a note code indicative of said selected note and dividing said system clock pulses by a factor established by said received note code to obtain a frequency divided pulse train that sets the readout rate of said first in, first out memory, said source means including a divider for dividing said system clock pulses by a fixed value to establish said controlled supply rate. 
     
     
       18. A tone generator according to claim 15 wherein said source means comprises: at least one memory storing waveshape amplitude samples, and   a memory access control circuit for sequentially accessing said stored waveshape amplitude samples from said at least one memory at said controlled supply rate.   
     
     
       19. A computer controlled electronic musical instrument comprising: at least one tone generator means for generating a musical tone having frequency and waveshape parameters established in response to supplied data codes defining these parameters,   note selection means for providing interrupt signals indicative of selected tones to be generated,   a programmable computer interconnected with said tone generator means and .Iadd.said note selection means and programmable to provide .Iaddend.said parameter defining codes, and said computer including:   program storage and execution means for storing and executing a set of program instructions including a main program and one or more subroutines each directing the generation of certain frequency and/or waveshapes parameter defining codes, said main program including instructions for testing for the presence of interrupt signals, and   program interrupt means, responsive to detection by said main program of interrupt signals from said note selection means, for causing said program storage and execution means to branch from execution of said main program to execution of a selected one of said subroutines, as determined by the type of interrupt signal, so as to cause said computer to supply to said tone generator means programmed sets of parameter defining codes thereby causing generation of a musical tone of selected frequency and having programmed parameter variation.   
     
     
       20. A computer controlled electronic musical instrument comprising: at least one tone generator means for generating a musical tone having frequency and waveshape parameters established in response to supplied data codes defining these parameters,   note selection means for providing signals indicative of selected tones to be generated,   a programmable computer interconnected with said tone generator means and said note selection means and programmable to provide said parameter defining codes, and said computer including:   program interrupt means, responsive to signals from said note selection means for causing said computer to supply to said tone generator means programmed sets of parameter defining codes thereby causing generation of a musical tone of selected frequency and having programmed parameter variation, and wherein:   said note selection means provides signals indicative of tone initiation and release times, said instrument further comprising:   timer means, interconnected with said computer, for providing timer interrupt signals at intervals selectably related to said tone initiation and release signals provided by said note selection means,   said program interrupt means being responsive to note initiation and termination signals from said note selection means and to timer interrupt signals from said timer means, so as to alter programmatically said parameter defining codes in response to any of such interrupts. .Iadd. 21. A computer controlled electronic musical instrument comprising:   tone generator means for generating a musical tone having frequency and waveshape parameters established in response to supplied data codes defining these parameters, said tone generator means including means for holding such data codes supplied on a time shared basis;   note selection means for providing first signals indicative of a selected frequency of a tone to be generated;   tone quality control means for providing second signals indicative of selected tone quality to be imparted to the tone to be generated;   common data bus means to which said tone generator means, said note selection means and said tone quality control means are connected; and   a programmable, stored-program computer connected to said common data bus means whereby said tone generator means, said note selection means and said tone quality control means are connected to the computer via the common data bus means respectively;   said computer including program storage and execution means for storing and executing a set of electronic computation instructions which include;   a first subset of such instructions which, when executed, causes detection of said first signals with concomitant supply on a time shared basis through the data bus means to said tone generator means of a programmed set of the frequency parameter defining data codes; and   a second subset of such instructions which, when executed, causes detection of said second signals with concomitant supply on a time shared basis through the data bus means to said tone generator means of a programmed set of the waveshape parameter defining data codes, thereby causing generation of a musical tone of frequency selected by said note selection means and waveshape based on the tone quality selection of said tone quality control means. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 22. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 21, in which said programmable computer further includes;   means for changing the instructions to by executed by said execution means thereby causing said computer to produce different ones of the parameter defining data codes in response to either of said first signals from said note selection means and said second signals from said tone quality control means. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 23. A keyboard electronic musical instrument comprising:   a common bus via which all signals are communicated between components of said instrument,   a microprocessor stored program computer operatively connected to said bus,   a keyboard unit including a key switch matrix,   a tone quality control unit,   tone generator means,   said microprocessor computer, said keyboard unit, said tone quality control unit and said tone generator means each interfacing with said bus,   said microprocessor computer having program means for causing said microprocessor to respond to condition changes of said key switch matrix or said tone quality control unit, as signaled via said bus, and in response thereto, to transmit to said tone generator means, in time shared order via said bus, tone generation control signals indicative of or responsive to the changed condition of the respective key switch matrix and tone quality control unit. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 24. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 23 wherein the signals communicated between said components via said bus include the following:   first signals transmitted from the keyboard unit to the microprocessor computer for producing on/off signals of actuated key switches in said matrix and associated key identification data,   second signals transmitted from the tone quality control circuit to the microprocessor computer for determining tone quality, and   third signals transmitted from the microprocessor computer to the tone generator means for controlling tone waveshape generation and for determining tone quality, said third signals being produced at the microprocessor computer according to said first and second signals. .Iaddend..Iadd. 25. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 23 or 24 wherein:   said tone generator means comprises plural tone generator units; and   signals are provided on said common bus in time shared multiplex fashion, together with:   demultiplexing means associated with each unit interfacing with said bus for causing communication from said bus to that unit only of signals directed to that specific unit. .Iaddend..Iadd. 26. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 24 wherein:   said tone generator means comprises plural tone generator units; and   said microprocessor computer transmits selected tone quality determining third signals in common to more than one tone generator unit for like tone color production thereby. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 27. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 23 wherein said tone generator means comprises plural tone generator units, wherein each tone generator unit is configured to generate musical tones in accordance with a selectable one of a set of tone generation algorithms, wherein said tone generation control signals include algorithm selection data, and wherein each tone generator unit utilizes for musical tone generation the selected one algorithm specified by the algorithm selection data received by that tone generator unit, said algorithm selection data being alterable by said microprocessor computer during tone generation so that different portions of a single tone can be generated with different algorithms. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 28. A keyboard electronic musical instrument comprising:   a common bus via which all data is communicated between components of said instrument,   a microprocessor stored program computer operatively connected to said bus,   a plurality of musical tone generators connected to said bus, each identified by a respective address,   a keyboard unit operatively connected to said bus to transmit to the microprocessor computer via said bus key data signals for actuated keys, and   program means, including a set of electronic computation instructions executed by said microprocessor stored program computer, for causing said microprocessor computer to recognize from said key data signals received via said bus a changed key switch state, and in response thereto to cause said microprocessor computer to produce a new or modified tone generation control signal and to transmit the same via said bus to a certain one of said tone generators, the address of which is associated with the actuated key by said microprocessor computer. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 29. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 28 wherein:   said microprocessor computer associates a respective different tone generator to each actuated key, and wherein:   said program means causes said microprocessor computer to produce and transmit certain common waveshape controlling information via said bus to more than one of said different associated tone generators. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 30. A keyboard electronic musical instrument comprising:   a common bus via which all data is communicated between components of said instrument,   a microprocessor stored program computer operatively connected to said bus,   musical tone generator means, connected to said bus, for generating tones in conformity with note code and waveshape data communicated thereto via said bus,   a keyboard switch state detector operatively connected to said bus, and configured to transmit to said bus first signals indicative of the changed state and identity of corresponding keys in said keyboard,   a tone quality control unit operatively connected to said bus and configured to transmit to said bus second signals for determining tone quality,   first program means, including a first set of electronic computation instructions stored and executed by said microprocessor computer, for causing said microprocessor computer to recognize from said first signals received via said bus a new key-on condition, and in response thereto to transmit via said bus the note code of the corresponding key to said tone generator means, and to recognize from said first signals a subsequent change in actuation state of the same key, and in response thereto to transmit via said bus to said tone generator means additional note production data, and   second program means, including a second set of electronic computation instructions stored and executed by said microprocessor computer, for causing said microprocessor computer to recognize from said second signals that the tone quality of the tones being generated is to be changed, and in response thereto to transmit via said bus to said tone generator means third signals for determining the tone quality, said tone generator means being configured to receive said third signals and to modify the tone quality of the tones generated thereby in accordance with said received signals,   whereby detection of actuated keys, detection of tone quality information, and generation of musical tones in conformity with these detected data are microprocessor computer controlled. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 31. A keyboard electronic musical instrument according to claim 30 wherein:   said tone generator means comprises a plurality of tone generator units, each identified by a respective address, and each configured to generate a tone in conformity with respective note code and waveshape data communicated thereto,   said first program means including electronic computation instructions for causing said microprocessor computer to associate the address of a certain one of said tone generator units with a respective one of said corresponding keys,   said second program means including electronic computation instructions for causing said microprocessor computer to transmit each of said third signals to the respective one or more tone generator units the addresses of which have been associated by said microprocessor computer with certain corresponding keys. .Iaddend.