Load responsive valve with constant leakage device

Abstract

A pressure compensated load responsive flow control valve for use in a system controlling a plurality of loads. The system is powered by a single, fixed displacement pump. The flow control valve is equipped with a load responsive control, which during simultaneous control of multiple loads automatically maintains the pump discharge pressure at a level higher than the pressure required by the largest load being controlled. To obtain unidirectional flow, load sensing passages of individual valve spools are connected by check valves with the load responsive control, which is equipped with a leakage control, maintaining a relatively constant leakage from load sensing circuit, irrespective of sensing circuit pressure and permitting fast response of pressure compensated load responsive flow control valve without excessive leakage losses.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A valve assembly comprising a multiplicity of housings, each housing having an inlet chamber, a load chamber subjected to load pressure, an outlet chamber and exhaust means, valve bore means in each housing interconnecting said chambers and axially guiding a valve spool, load sensing port means at the region of each valve bore between said inlet chamber and said load chamber, check valve means operably connected with each of said load sensing port means to permit flow from said load sensing port means to a pressure chamber and to block reverse flow, bypass valve means interconnecting said inlet chambers and said exhaust means to maintain a constant pressure differential between said inlet chamber and said pressure chamber, said bypass valve means including a bypass spool, spring biasing means to bias said bypass spool in one direction to reduce said bypass flow, means responsive to pressure differential betwen pressure in said inlet chambers and pressure in said pressure chamber, said pressure in said pressure chamber being pressure of one of said load chambers subjected to highest load pressure, to bias said bypass spool in opposite direction to increase said bypass flow and pressure responsive variable leakage means continuously interconnecting said pressure chamber and said exhaust means to increase the response of said bypass valve means in a direction to increase said bypass flow, said pressure responsive variable leakage means having variable orifice means varied by pressure in said pressure chamber and subjected to pressure in said pressure chamber said variable leakage means includes spool means having guiding surface means guided in a bore interconnecting said pressure chamber and said exhaust means, varying flow area leakage passage means on said guiding surface means and connecting opposite ends of said spool means, spring biasing means biasing said spool means towards said pressure chamber and positioning said spool means in respect to said bore with change in pressure in said pressure chamber, said varying area leakage passage means cooperating with said interconnecting bore to produce a decrease in leakage flow in response to an increase in pressure in said pressure chamber. 
     
     
       2. A valve assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein flow resistance means is interposed between said check valve means operably connected with each of said load sensing port means and said pressure chamber. 
     
     
       3. .[.A valve assembly as set forth in claim 2 wherein said guiding surface of said spool has.]. .Iadd.A valve assembly comprising a multiplicity of housings, each housing having an inlet chamber, a load chamber subjected to load pressure, an outlet chamber and exhaust means, valve bore means in each housing interconnecting said chambers and axially guiding a valve spool, load sensing port means at the region of each valve bore between said inlet chamber and said load chamber, check valve means operably connected with each of said load sensing port means to permit flow from said load sensing port means to a pressure chamber and to block reverse flow, bypass valve means interconnecting said inlet chambers and said exhaust means to maintain a constant pressure differential between said inlet chamber and said pressure chamber, said bypass valve means including a bypass spool, spring biasing means to bias said bypass spool in one direction to reduce said bypass flow, means responsive to pressure differential between pressure in said inlet chambers and pressure in said pressure chamber, said pressure in said pressure chamber being pressure of one of said load chambers subjected to highest load pressure, to bias said bypass spool in opposite direction to increase said bypass flow and pressure responsive variable leakage means continuously interconnecting said pressure chamber and said exhaust means to increase the response to said bypass valve means in a direction to increase said bypass flow, said pressure responsive variable leakage means having variable orifice means varied by pressure in said pressure chamber and subjected to pressure in said pressure chamber said variable leakage means including spool means having guiding surface means guided in a bore interconnecting said pressure chamber and said exhaust means, varying flow area leakage passage means on said guiding surface means, spring biasing means biasing said spool means towards said pressure chamber and positioning said spool means in respect to said bore with change in pressure in said pressure chamber, said varying area leakage passage means cooperating with said interconnecting bore to produce a decrease in leakage flow in response to an increase in pressure in said pressure chamber, flow resistance means interposed between said check valve means operably connected with each of said load sensing port means and said pressure chamber, .Iadd.and .Iaddend.pressure relief flow area passage means connecting pressure fluid in said pressure chamber with surface of said bore in the region intermediate between said pressure chamber and said exhaust means to interconnect said pressure chamber and said exhaust means at a preselected maximum system pressure in said pressure chamber, said means responsive to pressure differential moving said bypass spool towards position of increased bypass flow to maintain said maximum system pressure at a relatively constant level. 
     
     
       4. A valve assembly as set forth in claim 3 wherein said variable flow area passage means and said pressure relief area passage means on said guiding surface means of said spool are radially spaced and sealed by said guiding surface means from each other. 
     
     
       5. A valve assembly comprising at least one housing having an inlet chamber, a load chamber, an outlet chamber and exhaust means, valve bore means in said housing interconnecting said chambers and axially guiding a valve spool, load sensing port means selectively communicable with said load chamber by said valve spool, bypass valve means interconnecting said inlet chamber and said exhaust means operable to bypass fluid between said inlet chamber and said exhaust means to maintain a constant pressure differential between said inlet chamber and said load sensing port means, said bypass valve means including a bypass spool, spring biasing means to bias said bypass spool in one direction to reduce said bypass flow, means responsive to pressure differential between said inlet chamber and said load sensing port means to bias said bypass pool in opposite direction to increase said bypass flow and a pressure responsive variable leakage means continuously interconnecting said load sensing .[.pot.]. .Iadd.port .Iaddend.means and said exhaust means to increase the response of said bypass valve means in direction to increase said bypass flow, said pressure responsive variable leakage means having variable orifice means varied by pressure in said pressure chamber and subjected to pressure in said pressure chamber, said variable leakage means includes spool means having guiding surface means guided in a bore interconnecting said pressure chamber and said exhaust means, varying flow area leakage passage means on said guiding surface means and connecting opposite ends of said spool means, spring biasing means biasing said spool means towards said pressure chamber and positioning said spool means in respect to said bore with change in pressure in said pressure chamber, said varying area leakage passage means cooperating with said interconnecting bore to produce a decrease in leakage flow in response to an increase in pressure in said pressure chamber. .Iadd. 6. A valve assembly comprising at least one housing having an inlet chamber, a load chamber, an outlet chamber and exhaust means, valve bore means in said housing interconnecting said chambers and axially guiding a valve spool, load sensing port means selectively communicable with said load chamber by said valve spool, bypass valve means interconnecting said inlet chamber and said exhaust means operable to bypass fluid between said inlet chamber and said exhaust means to maintain a constant pressure differential between said inlet chamber and said load sensing port means, said bypass valve means including a bypass spool, spring biasing means to bias said bypass spool in one direction to reduce said bypass flow, means responsive to pressure differential between said inlet chamber and said load sensing port means to bias said bypass spool in opposite direction to increase said bypass flow, first constant area leakage means continuously interconnecting said load sensing port means and said exhaust means, and a second pressure responsive variable leakage means continuously interconnecting said load sensing port means and said exhaust means operable to increase the response of said bypass valve means in direction to increase said bypass flow, said second pressure responsive variable leakage means having variable orifice means varied by pressure in said pressure chamber and subjected to pressure in said pressure chamber, said variable leakage means includes spool means having guiding surface means guided in a bore interconnecting said pressure chamber and said exhaust means, varying flow area leakage passage means on said guiding surface means, spring biasing means biasing said spool means towards said pressure chamber and positioning said spool means in respect to said bore with change in pressure chamber, said varying area leakage passage means cooperating with said interconnecting bore to decrease in a preselected way leakage flow in response to an increase in pressure in said pressure chamber whereby the sum of the leakage through said first and said second leakage means remains relatively constant irrespective of the change in pressure in said load sensing port means. .Iaddend..Iadd. 7. A valve assembly comprising a multiplicity of housings, each housing having an inlet chamber connected to a pump, a load chamber subjected to load pressure, an outlet chamber and exhaust means, valve spool means for selectively interconnecting said chambers, load sensing port means selectively communicable with said load chambers by said valve spool means, check valve means operably connected with each of said load sensing port means to permit flow from said load sensing port means to a pressure chamber and to block reverse flow, pump output flow control means responsive to pressure in said pressure chamber and operable to maintain a relatively constant pressure differential between discharge pressure of said pump and pressure in said pressure chamber, first constant area leakage means continuously interconnecting said pressure chamber and said exhaust means, and second pressure responsive variable leakage means continuously interconnecting said pressure chamber and said exhaust means, said second pressure responsive variable leakage means having variable orifice means varied by pressure in said pressure chamber and subjected to pressure in said pressure chamber, said variable leakage means including spool means having guiding surface means guided in a bore interconnecting said pressure chamber and said exhaust means, varying flow area leakage passage means on said guiding surface means, spring biasing means biasing said spool means towards said pressure chamber and positioning said spool means in respect to said bore with change in pressure in said pressure chamber, said varying area leakage passage means cooperating with said interconnecting bore to decrease in a preselected way leakage flow in response to an increase in pressure in said pressure chamber whereby the sum of the leakage through said first and said second leakage means remains relatively constant 
     
     
        irrespective of the change in pressure in said pressure chamber. 8. A valve assembly as set forth in claim 7 wherein flow resistance means is interposed between said check valve means operably connected with each of said load sensing port means and said pressure chamber. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 9. A control assembly comprising a housing having a first chamber subjected to a first variable fluid pressure level and supplied through a fluid conducting means having fluid flow resistance means, and a second chamber subjected to a second fluid pressure level, said first variable fluid pressure level being higher than said second fluid pressure level, first constant area leakage means continuously interconnecting said first and said second chambers, second variable leakage means continuously interconnecting said first and said second chamber having means responsive to pressure differential between said chambers, said second variable leakage means having variable orifice means varied by pressure differential between said chambers, said variable leakage means including spool means having guiding surface means guided in a bore interconnecting said first and second chambers, variable flow area leakage passage means on said guiding surface means, spring biasing means biasing said spool means towards said first chamber and positioning said spool means in respect to said bore with change in pressure differential between said first and second chambers, said varying flow area leakage passage means cooperating with said interconnecting bore to decrease in a preselected way leakage flow between said first and second chambers in response to increase in pressure differential between said chambers whereby the sum of the leakage through said first and said second leakage means remains relatively constant irrespective of the change in pressure differential between said first and said second chambers. .Iaddend.