Tone wave generator in electronic musical instrument

Abstract

In an electronic musical instrument, the keys of a keyboard are divided into a plurality of groups by octaves, and a wave generator is provided with a memory for storing constants corresponding to musical tone frequencies to be generated according to the notes includes in a desired group out of the plurality of group, an accumulator for repeatedly adding the constants read out of the memory, and a bit position shifting circuit for shifting the bit position of the data produced by the accumulator according to the octave range of a note to be produced, thereby to obtain the data varying repeatedly according to the frequency of a note to be produced, and to reduce the storing capacity of the memory when compared to the number of keys.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A .[.note.]. .Iadd.tone .Iaddend.wave generator in a keyboard electronic musical instrument, which comprises: memory means for storing constants corresponding to musical tone frequencies included in one out of a plurality of groups into which keys of said keyboard are divided separately on the octave basis;   accummulator means for repeatedly adding said constants read out of said memory means in response to depression of a selected key, said accumulator means providing the resultant accummulated data in parallel binary format; and   bit position switching means for shifting said parallel binary format data provided by said accumulator means by a number of bit positions corresponding to the octave range designated by said selected key so as to obtain data which varies repeatedly according to the frequency of the tone to be produced.   
     
     
       2. A .[.note.]. .Iadd.tone .Iaddend.wave generator as claimed in claim 1, in which said memory means is also capable of storing constants corresponding to notes which belong to a group whose range is short of one octave in said group division. 
     
     
       3. An electronic musical instrument of the type having a tone generator that generates musical tones having a frequency established by an input constant to which said frequency is proportional, the improvement wherein said instrument includes: a plurality of like waveform memories, each storing sampled amplitudes of a musical waveform,   memory means for storing constant data for each pitch within a certain octave and for providing as an output in binary format the constant data for a selected note,   accumulator means, connected to said memory means, for repetitively adding said constant data so as to provide accumulated constant data,   octave selection means for providing a signal indicative of the desired octave of note production,   bit position switching means, receiving said accumulated constant data from said accmumulator means and responsive to said signal indicative of the desired octave of note production, for shifting said accumulated constant data by a number of binary positions corresponding to the number of octaves separating said desired octave from said certain octave, the resultant accumulated and shifted constant data being supplied as said input constant, and   memory access means, connected to said bit position switching means, for accessing amplitude samples from said waveform memories in response to said accumulated and shifted constant data, different ones of said plurality of waveform memories being accessed simultaneously by accumulated constant data shifted by different numbers of bit positions.   
     
     
       4. An electronic musical instrument of the type having a tone generator that generates musical tones having a frequency established by an input constant to which said frequency is proportional, the improvement wherein said instrument includes: memory means for storing constant data for each pitch within a certain octave and for providing as an output in binary format the constant data for a selected note,   octave selection means for providing a signal indicative of the desired octave of note production,   bit position switching means, receiving such output constant data and responsive to said signal indicative of the desired octave of note production, for shifting said constant data by a number of binary positions corresponding to the number of octaves separating said desired octave from said certain octave, the resultant shifted constant data being supplied to said tone generator for use thereby as said input constant to establish the frequency of said generated musical tone, and   accumulator means, connected between said memory means and said bit position switching means, for repetitively adding said output constant data to provide accumulated output constant data,   said bit position switching means receiving and shifting said accumulated output constant data by said corresponding number of binary positions and also by other numbers of binary positions so as to provide a plurality of outputs shifted by different numbers of binary positions, said tone generator comprising:   a plurality of like waveform memories each storing sampled amplitudes of a musical waveform, and   memory access means for simultaneously accessing sampled amplitudes from said plural waveform memories in response to respective ones of said differently shifted plurality of outputs.   
     
     
       5. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 4 wherein said bit position switching means provides said accumulated shifted constant data as a multibit parallel binary output having more bits than required by said memory access means to access one of said waveform memories, said pluraity of outputs consisting of different subsets of said bits. 
     
     
       6. In an electronic musical instrument, a tone generator comprising: a plurality of like waveform memories each storing amplitude samples of a like musical waveform at an equal number of memory addresses,   a source of constant data proportional to the desired frequency of a tone to be produced by said tone generator,   accumulator means for accumulating said constant data at a fixed clock rate, and for providing said accumulated constant data in parallel binary format, and   access means for simultaneously accessing said amplitude samples from different ones of said waveform memories at each individual access time in response to respective different access addresses, each access address consisting of a different subset of said parallel binary accumulated constant data, the resultant amplitude samples accessed from different individual memories representing said like musical waveform in correspondingly different octaves.   
     
     
       7. In an electronic musical instrument, a tone generator comprising: a plurality of like waveform memories each storing amplitude samples of a like musical waveform at an equal number of memory addresses,   a source of constant data proportional to the desired frequency of a tone to be produced by said tone generator,   accumulator means for accumulating said constant data at a fixed clock rate, and for providing said accumulated constant data in parallel binary format, and   access means for accessing said amplitude samples from individual ones of said waveform memories simultaneously in response to different subsets of said parallel binary accumulated constant data, the resultant amplitude samples accessed from different individual memories representing said like musical waveform in correspondingly different octaves, and wherein:   said source of constant data comprises pitch constant data storage means for storing a constant data value for each pitch name in a fundamental octave,   said accumulator means including a repetitive addition circuit receiving a selected one of said constant data values and repetitively adding said selected value to the prior contents of said addition circuit at said fixed clock rate to obtain said accumulated constant data, said instrument further comprising:   a bit position shifting circuit for shifting said accumulated constant data from said addition circuit by a number of bit positions corresponding to the difference between said fundamental octave and the desired octave of tone production, the number of bits in the resultant shifted accumulated constant data being more than required to access the addresses of any of said waveform memories,   said access means using different subsets of said resultant shifted accumulated constant data from said shifting circuit to access respective ones of said waveform memories, said subsets being sequentially ordered with most significant bit positions differing from each other successively by one bit position, whereby the waveforms accessed from said plural memories will be octavely related.   
     
     
       8. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 7 wherein said musical instrument includes plural keyboards and wherein said pitch constant data storage means stores a corresponding plurality of sets of slightly different constant data values for each pitch name in a fundamental octave, the playing of a certain key in a certain keyboard causing said storage means to provide to said accumulator means the selected constant data value for the pitch name of the played key, said value being supplied from the set corresponding to the keyboard containing said played key, said slightly different constant data values in said sets thereby resulting in slightly different tone pitches being produced when the same pitch name keys are selected on two different keyboards. 
     
     
       9. In an electronic musical instrument, a tone generator comprising: a plurality of like waveform memories each storing amplitude samples of a like musical waveform at an equal number of memory addresses,   a source of constant data proportional to the desired frequency of a tone to be produced by said tone generator,   accumulator means for accumulating said constant data at a fixed clock rate, and for providing said accumulated constant data in parallel binary format,   access means for accessing said amplitude samples from individual ones of said waveform memories simultaneously in response to different subsets of said parallel binary accumulated constant data, the resultant amplitude samples accessed from different individual memories representing said like musical waveform in correspondingly different octaves, and wherein said tone generator is time shared so as to generate concurrently a plurality of tones in time shared fashion, said tone generator including:   a voltage controlled filter connected to filter the musical waveforms from said waveform memories together with:   highest pitch detection means for ascertaining the maximum pitch of any note being generated concurrently by said tone generator, and   key voltage generator means for providing a control voltage to said voltage controlled filter established by said ascertained maximum pitch, and wherein   said instrument utilizes key codes including a pitch name portion and an octave portion, said pitch name portion being used to control said source of constant data, said octave portion being supplied to said highest pitch detection means for use thereby in ascertaining said maximum pitch.   
     
     
       10. A .[.note.]. .Iadd.tone .Iaddend.wave generator in an electronic musical instrument, which comprises: a keyboard including playing keys,   key code generating means for producing a key code which includes a note data portion and octave data portion thereby identifying .[.the.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.key operated in the keyboard,   memory means for storing constants each in a binary representation consisting of a plurality of bits corresponding to musical tone frequencies to be generated in correspondence to notes included in a desired one out of a plurality of groups into which keys of a keyboard are divided separately on the octave basis,   readout means for reading out a constant from said memory means according to the note data portion of said key code,   accumulator means for adding said constants read out of said memory means repeatedly thereby producing accumulated values which increase progressively,   bit position switching means for shifting the bit position of data obtained by said accumulator means according to the octave data portion of said key code, and   tone wave generating means which generates a tone wave signal in response to said accumulated values. .Iadd.   
     
     
       11.  A tone wave generator in an electronic musical instrument, which comprises: a keyboard including playing keys,   key code generating means for producing a key code which includes a note data portion and an octave data portion thereby identifying a key operated in the keyboard,   constant memory means for storing constants corresponding to musical tone frequencies to be generated in correspondence to notes included in one out of a plurality of groups into which keys of a keyboard are divided separately on the octave basis,   readout means for reading out a constant from said constant memory means according to the note data portion of said key code,   operation means responsive to the constant read out from said constant memory means and to the octave portion of said key code for producing an address signal which varies progressively at a rate according to both the note data portion and octave data portion of said key code, and   waveform memory means for storing waveform information in each address thereof and being accessed by said address signal thereby producing a tone wave signal corresponding to said key code. .Iaddend. .Iadd.   
     
     
       12.  A tone wave generator according to claim 11 further comprising means for producing additional data to modify said address signal with respect to octave information wherein said operation means receives said additional data to produce the access signal in accordance with the combination of said key code and said additional data. .Iaddend. .Iadd.13. A tone wave generator according to claim 11 wherein said constant memory means stores said constants in binary format and wherein said operation means includes circuitry for shifting said read out binary constant by an 
     
     
        amount established by said octave data portion. .Iaddend. .Iadd.14.  A tone wave generator in an electronic musical instrument, which comprises: a keyboard including playing keys,   key code generating means for producing a key code which includes a note data portion and an octave data portion thereby identifying a key operated in the keyboard,   constant memory means for storing constants corresponding to musical tone frequencies to be generated in correspondence to notes included in one out of a plurality of groups into which keys of a keyboard are divided separately on the octave basis,   first operation means, responsive to the note data portion of said key code, for accessing said constant memory means to produce a first signal designating a note corresponding to said operated key,   second operation means responsive to the octave data portion of said key code for modifying said first signal in accordance with said octave data portion thereby producing a second signal designating the note and octave both corresponding to said operated key, and   waveform memory means for storing waveform information in each address thereof and being accessed in accordance with said second signal thereby producing a tone wave signal corresponding to said key code. .Iaddend. .Iadd.15. A tone wave generator according to claim 14 further comprising means for producing additional data to modify said second signal with respect to octave information, and wherein said second operation means receives said additional data to produce the second signal in combination   
     
     
        with said key code and said additional data. .Iaddend. .Iadd.16.  A note wave generator in an electronic musical instrument, which comprises: a keyboard including playing keys,   key code generating means for producing a key code which includes a note data portion and an octave data portion thereby identifying the key operated in the keyboard,   memory means for storing constants each in a binary representation consisting of a plurality of bits corresponding to musical tone frequencies to be generated in correspondence to notes included in a desired one out of a plurality of groups into which keys of a keyboard are divided separately on the octave basis,   readout means for reading out a constant from said memory means according to the note data portion of said key code,   bit position switching means for shifting the bit position of said constant read out from said memory means according to the octave data portion of said key code,   accumulated value means for repetitively utilizing said bit position shifted constant to produce accumulated values which increase progressively, and   tone wave generating means which generates a tone wave signal in response   
     
     
        to said accumulated values. .Iaddend. .Iadd.17.  A note wave generator according to claim 16 wherein said tone wave generating means includes at least one waveshape memory, and wherein said accumulated values constitute addresses for accessing said waveshape memory to read out the corresponding waveshape information stored therein, the addresses increasing in value progressively at a rate established by the value of said bit position shifted constant so that said stored waveshape information will be read out at a rate corresponding to said key code. 
     
     
        .Iaddend. .Iadd.18.  In a time shared keyboard electronic musical instrument of the type in which selected keys are represented by multibit parallel key codes, each key code including a note code portion specifying the particular note name of a musical octave, and an octave code portion specifying the particular octave of said selected key, said instrument having assignment means for assigning the key codes for selected keys to respective time slots in a set of such time slots and for delivering said set of assigned key codes repetitively to a common tone generator, the improvement wherein said tone generator comprises: a frequency constant memory storing twelve values of frequency data, each associated with a respective note of the musical scale and each consisting of a multibit binary value,   note decoder readout means, connected to said assignment means to receive the note code portion of each delivered key codes, for reading out from said constant memory, each time that a note code portion is received, the frequency data value associated with the note specified by that received note code portion,   octave decoder switching control means, connected to said assignment means to receive the octave code portion of each delivered key code, for decoding said received octave code portion and for supplying octave switching data corresponding thereto,   variable data accumulation means, connected to said constant memory and to said octave decoder switching control means, for repetitively utilizing during corresponding repetitive time slots the read out frequency data values and the supplied octave switching data to produce accumulated variable data which changes in value progressively in correspondence to the frequency of a musical note having the note name associated with said frequency data value in an octave established by said octave switching data,   a waveshape memory storing data for establishing sequential sample point amplitudes of a musical tone source waveform, and   waveshape memory readout means, connected to said variable data accumulation means and to said waveshape memory, for reading out said stored waveform establishing data utilizing said accumulated variable data   
     
     
        as the waveshape memory access address code. .Iaddend. .Iadd.19.  An access signal generator for use in an electronic musical instrument of the type comprising tone wave memory means storing musical tone forming data and being accessed in accordance with an operated key among a plurality of keys in a keyboard, said generator comprising: key code generating means for producing a key code which includes a note data portion and an octave data portion thereby identifying said operated key,   constant memory means for storing constants corresponding to musical tone frequencies to be generated in correspondence to notes included in one out of a plurality of groups into which said keys of the keyboard are divided separately on the octave basis,   readout means for reading said constant memory means to produce a constant information according to the note data portion of said key code,   modifying means responsive to the octave data portion of said key code for modifying said constant information in accordance with said octave data thereby producing a modified constant information corresponding to the note and octave portions of said key code; and   operation means responsive to said modified constant information for performing repetitive arithmetic operations on the modified constant information to produce an access signal which varies at a rate established by said key code, said tone wave memory means being accessed by said access signal. .Iaddend. .Iadd.20. An access generator according to claim 19 in which the constant information produced through said readout means by reading out said constant memory means is provided in binary format and in which said modifying means comprises bit position shifting means responsive to the octave data portion of said key code for shifting said constant information by a number of binary positions corresponding to a number of octaves designated by said octave data portion. .Iaddend.