Concentrated winding salient-pole shaded pole motors having multiple short circuited shading coils for each pole

Abstract

Salient-pole shaded pole motors with multiple short circuited shading coils on each pole piece; the pole pieces extending generally radially from the geometric center of the magnetizeable yoke. Pole pieces are interconnected by a magnetic yoke that encompasses the pole pieces as well as rotor. Adjacent pole tips of pole pieces are displaced in space from one another to, among other things, facilitate placement of concentrated winding means about the pole pieces. The leading edges or pole tips of the pole pieces exhibit a relatively high reluctance as compared to the center portion or region of the pole pieces.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is: 
     
       1. A shaded pole motor comprising a stator assembly having at least one excitable winding, a rotor assembly, and means for supporting the rotor assembly in spaced apart air gap defining relation with the stator assembly and for permitting rotation of the rotor assembly relative to the stator assembly during excitation of said winding; said stator assembly including a magnetizeable core having circumferentially spaced apart pole pieces; at least one of the pole pieces having a leading pole tip configured to establish a relatively high magnetic reluctance therealong, as compared to another region of such pole piece; said at least one of the pole pieces also having at least two short circuited shading coils disposed along the trailing pole tip thereof; and said pole pieces being spaced apart so that the leading pole tip of each pole piece is spaced from the trailing pole tip of the pole piece adjacent thereto; said rotor assembly including a short circuited squirrel cage winding, and the locked rotor torque to maximum torque ratio for the motor being greater than about thirty-three one hundredths. 
     
     
       2. A motor as set out in claim 1 wherein the excitable winding comprises a first concentrated group of conductor turns accommodated closely adjacent to a first pole piece, and at least one other group of conductor turns accommodated closely adjacent to another pole piece. 
     
     
       3. A salient-pole shaded pole motor including a stator assembly and rotor assembly; the stator assembly comprising a magnetizeable core having a magnetizeable yoke and a plurality of spaced apart pole pieces each having a leading and trailing pole tip, with the leading tip of each pole piece spaced from the trailing pole tip of a pole piece next adjacent thereto; said stator assembly further including a plurality of electrically short circuited shading coils disposed on and thereby identifying each of the trailing pole tips, and a winding comprising at least one concentrated group of conductor turns accommodated closely adjacent to at least one of the pole pieces; the motor exhibiting, during excitation of the winding by a given voltage, a locked rotor torque to maximum torque ratio of at least about 0.33 and a gross operating efficiency in excess of thirty-five percent for an operating condition corresponding to about seventy percent of the maximum torque producible by the motor during excitation of the winding; said rotor assembly including a short circuited squirrel cage rotor spaced by an air gap from bore defining faces of the pole pieces, and the leading pole tip of each pole piece being configured to establish a higher reluctance to magnetic flux in the air gap along the leading pole tips as compared to the reluctance to magnetic flux in the air gap along the pole piece faces in the vicinity of the center of the pole pieces. 
     
     
       4. A salient-pole shaded pole motor as set forth in claim 3 wherein the rotor assembly includes a plurality of conductors and a shaft, the pole pieces each include a portion extending generally radially outwardly from the shaft, and the magnetizeable yoke substantially encompasses the pole pieces and the plurality of conductors. 
     
     
       5. A shaded pole motor comprising a rotor, at least two pole pieces spaced radially outwardly from the rotor and each having a face at one end thereof defining an air gap with the rotor, a magnetizeable yoke extending between adjacent pole pieces and encompassing the rotor, conductor turns of a concentrated winding adjacent to at least one of the pole pieces, and at least first and second separate shading coils on a first portion of each pole piece; a second portion of each pole piece being constructed to have a relatively high reluctance as compared to another portion of the same pole piece; and wherein the first portion of each pole piece comprises the trailing pole end thereof, the second portion of each pole piece comprises the leading pole end thereof and wherein the trailing pole end of each pole piece is displaced in space from the leading pole end of the pole piece adjacent thereto. 
     
     
       6. A stator assembly for a shaded pole motor, the stator assembly comprising a core having a magnetizeable yoke and a plurality of spaced apart magnetizeable pole pieces each having a leading and trailing pole tip, with the leading tip of each pole piece displaced in space from the trailing pole tip of a pole piece next adjacent thereto; said stator assembly further including at least first and second shading coil means disposed along one of the pole tips of each of the pole pieces, and a winding comprising at least one concentrated group of conductor turns accommodated closely adjacent to a least one of the pole pieces; the stator assembly being of particular utility in motors having, during excitation of said winding by a given voltage, a locked rotor torque to maximum torque ratio of at least about 0.33 and a gross operating efficiency in excess of thirty-five percent for an operating condition corresponding to about seventy percent of the maximum torque producible by the motor during excitation of said winding; the other pole tip of each of the pole pieces being configured to establish a higher reluctance to air gap magnetic flux as compared to the reluctance to air gap magnetic flux along the face of each pole piece in .Iadd.the .Iaddend.vicinity of the center of the pole pieces. 
     
     
       7. A stator assembly as set forth in claim 6 wherein the winding comprises at least one other concentrated group of conductor turns accommodated closely adjacent to a pole piece other than said at least one of the pole pieces. 
     
     
       8. A shaded pole motor comprising a first assembly having an excitable winding, and a second assembly supported in spaced apart air gap defining relation with the first assembly; said first assembly including a core formed from magnetizeable material and including pole pieces displaced in space, one from another; each of the pole pieces having a first region along the air gap configured to establish a relatively high magnetic reluctance therealong, as compared to another region of each pole piece; and each of the pole pieces also having at least first and second shading coil means disposed along a second region thereof; said pole pieces being displaced in space so that extremities of adjacent pole pieces are spaced from one another; said motor having a gross operating efficiency, when providing an output torque of about seventy percent of the maximum torque of the motor, of at least 35 percent and having a locked rotor torque to maximum torque ratio greater than one-third. 
     
     
       9. A stator assembly for a shaded pole motor having stator and rotor assemblies disposed about a central axis; said stator assembly including a magnetizeable core having at least two spaced apart pole structures each comprising a portion extending generally radially relative to the central axis for accomodating an excitation winding and further comprising a portion for accommodating shading coil means, said shading coil means comprising, for each of the at least two spaced apart pole structures, a first short circuited shading coil and at least one other short circuited shading coil accommodated along the trailing portion of the pole structure; each of the at least two spaced apart pole structures being configured along the leading portion thereof so as to establish a relatively high magnetic reluctance therealong as compared to the magnetic reluctance along the trailing portion thereof, the locked rotor torque to maximum torque ratio of a motor including said stator assembly being greater than one-third. .Iadd. 10. A motor as set forth in claim 3 wherein the leading pole tip of each pole piece is configured to establish a higher reluctance along a selected span of the magnetic pole associated with each pole piece, and wherein such selected span is greater than the total span of the magnetic pole associated with each pole piece that is shaded by the shading coils. .Iaddend..Iadd. 11. A stator assembly as set out in claim 6 wherein the shading coil means of each pole piece shades a selected span of the magnetic pole associated with such pole piece; and wherein the pole pieces are each configured to establish a higher reluctance along a span of the magnetic poles associated therewith that is greater than said selected span. .Iaddend..Iadd. 12. The shaded pole motor of claim 8 wherein said first region of each pole piece is of a first selected span of the magnetic pole associated with each pole piece; and wherein the shading coil means of each pole piece shade a span of the magnetic pole associated with each pole piece that is less than the selected span. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 13. A motor as set out in claim 1 wherein said at least two short circuited shading coils comprise first and second shading coils that shade first and second spans respectfully of the pole established by said at least one of the pole pieces; wherein the same at least one of the pole pieces has a relatively high magnetic reluctance region therealong of a selected span of the pole established by the pole piece; and wherein said first and said second spans shaded by the first and second shading coils are both less than said selected span. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 14. A stator assembly as set forth in claim 9 wherein the first and second short circuited shading coils of each of the at least two pole structures shade first and second spans respectively of the respective poles established by respective ones of the at least two pole structures; wherein a relatively high magnetic reluctance region is established, along each of the at least two pole structures of a selected span of the respective poles, by respective ones of the at least two pole structures; and wherein said first and second spans shaded by the first and second shading coils are both less than the selected span. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 15. A shaded pole motor comprising a rotor, a magnetizable stator core including at least two circumferentially and magnetically spaced apart pole pieces having first and second portions spaced radially outwardly from the rotor and each having a face at one end thereof defining an air gap with the rotor, a magnetizable yoke extending between adjacent pole pieces and encompassing the rotor, conductor turns of a concentrated winding adjacent to at least one of the pole pieces, and at least first and second separate shading coils on a first portion of each pole piece wherein the first and second shading coils have first and second spans respectively across a magnetic pole associated with a pole face; a second portion of each pole piece being constructed to have a relatively high reluctance as compared to another portion of the same pole piece, wherein the relatively high reluctance region has a span across the magnetic pole greater than said first and second spans. .Iaddend..Iadd. 16. The shaded pole motor of claim 15 wherein the locked rotor torque to maximum torque for the motor is greater than about thirty-three one hundredths. .Iaddend..Iadd. 17. A salient pole shaded pole motor comprising a stator assembly having at least one excitable winding, a rotor assembly, and means for supporting the rotor assembly in spaced apart air gap defining relation with the stator assembly and for permitting rotation of the rotor assembly relative to the stator assembly during excitation of said winding; said stator assembly including a magnetizable core having pole pieces spaced apart circumferentially by air gaps; at least one of the pole pieces having a leading pole tip configured to establish a relatively high magnetic reluctance region along a given span of the magnetic pole associated with said at least one of the pole pieces, as compared to another region of such magnetic pole; said at least one of the pole pieces also having at least two short circuited shading coils disposed along the trailing pole tip thereof shading the magnetic pole associated with said at least one of the pole pieces for a span less than said given span, and said pole pieces being spaced apart so that the leading pole tip of each pole piece is spaced from the trailing pole tip of the pole piece adjacent thereto by an air gap; and said rotor assembly including a short circuited squirrel cage winding. .Iaddend..Iadd. 18. The motor of claim 17 wherein the locked rotor torque to maximum torque ratio for the motor is greater than about thirty-three one hundredths. .Iaddend.