Three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of animal soft tissue

Abstract

An apparatus for collecting three-dimensional data on the size, shape, location and nature of animal soft tissue organ structures within the animal and reconstructing the data outside the animal. The apparatus provides a representation of the size, shape, location and nature of the structure in three dimensions.

I claim: 
     
       1. An apparatus for collecting three-dimensional data on the size, shape, location and nature of animal soft tissue organ structures within the animal and reconstructing the data outside the animal to provide a representation of the size, shape, location and nature of the structure in three dimensions which comprises: (a) a first means having: (i) a source transmitting acoustical waves into the tissue; and   (ii) a receiver for receiving waves from the tissue and detecting measurable physical characteristics of the waves     and the first means producing electronic output signals corresponding to the characteristics of the waves;   (b) a second means having: (i) a transmitter means which remains in a known spatial relationship with respect to the source and receiver of the first means, and emits into space a plurality of energy waves from a plurality of discrete points; and   (ii) a sensing means which is spaced from the transmitter means and senses each energy wave from each discrete point of the transmitter means in three dimensions known as X, Y and Z     and the second means producing electronic output signals corresponding to each wave from the plurality of discrete points; and   (c) a computer means electrically coupled to the first and second means and receiving the output signals from the first and second means and processing and assembling the data transmitted by the signals and displaying the data in a form for determining one or more of the size, shape, location and nature of the tissue in three dimensions.   
     
     
       2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the transmitter means of the second means emits three spatially separated sources. 
     
     
       3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the transmitter means of the second means emits three separate energy waves from three spatially separate energy waves from three spatially separated sources, each of these waves is received by three separate sensors in the sensing means. 
     
     
       4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the second means measures the transit time of each energy wave transmitted from the transmitter means and sensed by the sensing means in the three dimensions, the second means produces output signals corresponding to the location in three dimensions of each of the plurality of discrete points. 
     
     
       5. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the sensing means of the second means remains stationary. 
     
     
       6. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the transmitter means and the sensing means in the second means are spaced apart without electrical coupling whereby the energy waves from the transmitter means pass through space to the sensing means. 
     
     
       7. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the transmitter means includes an electrical spark gap means which generates an acoustical energy wave. 
     
     
       8. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the sensing means of the second means includes an acoustical sensing means. 
     
     
       9. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the second means is a three-dimensional non-contacting sonic locater. 
     
     
       10. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the first means is an ultrasonic scanner device. 
     
     
       11. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the first means is an ultrasonic real-time scanner device. 
     
     
       12. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 including an electrocardiograph means which produces data on heart tissue which is transmitted to the computer and is used to sequence and integrate data collected over a sequence of heart cycles according to phase of the cardiac cycle. 
     
     
       13. The apparatus as recited in claim 12 wherein the computer means includes a scheduling and controlling means electrically coupled to the first, the second means and the computer means which performs the following functions: (a) it receives a signal from the electrocardiograph which signifies a new heart cycle and allocates time following that signal into given segments;   (b) it permits data collection in the computer from the first means for a portion of each given segment of time; and (c) it permits data collection in the computer from the second means for a portion of each given segment.   
     
     
       14. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the computer includes an analog-to-digital converter for entering electronic signals into the computer. 
     
     
       15. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the transmitter means of the second means is rigidly coupled to the first means. 
     
     
       16. The apparatus as recited in claim 13 wherein the computer includes an analog-to-digital converter for entering electronic signals into the computer. .Iadd. 17. An apparatus for collecting three-dimensional data on the size, shape, location and nature of animal soft tissue organ structures within the animal and reconstructing the data outside the animal to provide a representation of the size, shape, location and nature of the structure in three dimensions which comprises: (a) a first means having: (i) a source transmitting acoustical waves into the tissue; and   (ii) a receiver for receiving waves from the tissue and detecting measurable physical characteristics of the waves and the first means producing output signals corresponding to the characteristics of the waves;     (b) a second means having (i) a transmitter means which emits into space a plurality of energy waves from a plurality of discrete points; and   (ii) a sensing means which is spaced from the transmitter means and senses each energy wave from each discrete point of the transmiitter means in three dimensions known as X, Y and Z and the second means producing output signals corresponding to each wave from the plurality of discrete points one of said transmitter means and sensing means remaining in a known spatial relationship with respect to the source and receiver; and     (c) a computer means coupled to the first and second means and receiving the data transmitted by the output signals from the first and second means and processing and assembling the data transmitted by the signals and displaying the data in a form for determining one or more of the size, shape, location and nature of the tissue in three dimensions.   
     
     
        .Iaddend..Iadd. 18.  The apparatus as recited in claim 17 wherein the transmitter means of the second means emits three separate energy waves from three spatially separated sources. .Iaddend..Iadd. 19. The apparatus as recited in claim 17 wherein the transmitter means of the second means emits three separate energy waves from three spatially separated sources, each of these waves is received by three separate sensors in the sensing means. .Iaddend..Iadd. 20. The apparatus as recited in claim 17 wherein the second means measures the transit time of each energy wave transmitted from the transmitter means and sensed by the sensing means in the three dimensions, the second means produces output signals corresponding to the location in three dimensions of each of the plurality of discrete points. .Iaddend..Iadd. 21. The apparatus as recited in claim 17 wherein the transmitter means and the sensing means in the second means are spaced apart without electrical coupling whereby the energy waves from the transmitter means pass through space to the sensing means. .Iaddend..Iadd. 22. The apparatus as recited in claim 17 wherein the transmitter means includes an electrical spark gap means which generates an acoustical energy wave. .Iaddend..Iadd. 23. The apparatus as recited in claim 17 wherein the sensing means of the second means includes an acoustical sensing means. .Iaddend..Iadd. 24. The apparatus as recited in claim 17 wherein the second means is a three-dimensional non-contacting sonic locater. .Iaddend..Iadd. 25. The apparatus as recited in claim 17 wherein the first means is an ultrasonic scanner device. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 26. The apparatus as recited in claim 17 wherein the first means is an ultrasonic real-time scanner device. .Iaddend..Iadd. 27. The apparatus as recited in claim 17 including an electrocardiograph means which produces data on heart tissue which is transmitted to the computer and is used to sequence and integrate data collected over a sequence of heart cycles according to phase of the cardiac cycle. .Iaddend..Iadd. 28. The apparatus as recited in claim 27 wherein the computer means includes a scheduling and controlling means electrically coupled to the first, the second means and the computer means which performs the following functions; (a) it receives a signal from the electrocardiograph which signifies a new heart cycle and allocates time following that signal into given segments;   (b) it permits data collection in the computer from the first means for a portion of each given segment of time; and   (c) it permits data collection in the computer from the second means for a portion of each given segment. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 29. The apparatus as recited in claim 28 wherein the computer includes an analog-to-digital converter for entering electronic signals into the computer. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 30. The apparatus as recited in claim 17 wherein the computer includes an analog-to-digital converter for entering electronic signals into the computer. .Iaddend.