Special effects generation and control system for motion pictures

Abstract

A special effects system for simulating physical sensations in an audience during the presentation of a motion picture. Relatively high intensity, very low frequency random noise is acoustically coupled to a theater space to produce psychological and physiological sensations, much as earthquake movements, in the audience. The special effects are controlled by a control sub-channel which is either frequency multiplexed onto a conventional optical audio track or, in a magnetic stripe film format, the control sub-channel is placed on an accompanying optical track. The presence and amplitude of two control frequencies in the sub-channel are detected and logically combined, providing four separate digital function control signals and two analog control signals which are variable in amplitude.

We claim: 
     
       1. A method of .Iadd.realistically .Iaddend.simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation .Iadd.relating to physical movement associated with low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena, .Iaddend.in an audience viewing a visual display .[.in.]. .Iadd.of such phenomena within .Iaddend.a theater .Iadd.space.Iaddend., said method comprising the steps of: generating .Iadd.a band of simultaneously present frequency spectrum components including .Iaddend.random frequencies and transients having .Iadd.simultaneous plural .Iaddend.components in at least the infrasonic frequency range; and   applying, in synchronism with said visual display, said frequencies and transients to acoustic transducers located .[.in.]. .Iadd.within .Iaddend.said theater .Iadd.space, to provide acoustical output including said random frequencies and transients.Iaddend., at sufficient power levels to induce .Iadd.in the theater audience .Iaddend.the specified sensation .[.in the audience.]. .Iadd.of substantial physical movement corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena.Iaddend..   
     
     
       2. The method defined in claim 1 wherein: said generating step includes generating components in the five to one hundred Hertz frequency range.   
     
     
       3. A method of .Iadd.realistically .Iaddend.simulating the physiological and psychological sensation of earthquake movements in an audience .[.in.]. .Iadd.within .Iaddend.a theater .Iadd.space .Iaddend.during a motion picture performance, said method comprising the steps of: generating electrical signals with frequencies and transients simulating an earthquake and having .Iadd.simultaneous, plural .Iaddend.components in at least the infrasonic frequency range;   amplifying said signals to sufficient power levels for realistically inducing the desired sensation .Iadd.of earthquake movements .Iaddend.in the audience; and   selectively applying said amplified signals to at least one speaker system located .[.in.]. .Iadd.within .Iaddend.said theater .Iadd.space .Iaddend.during pre-selected portions of said motion picture performance and in synchronism with said motion .[.picture.]. .Iadd.to radiate acoustical energy, including at least said simultaneous plural components, at said sufficient power levels, directly through the air to the audience.Iaddend..   
     
     
       4. The method defined in claim 3 .[.including.]. .Iadd.wherein.Iaddend.: .Iadd.said .Iaddend.generating .Iadd.step includes generating .Iaddend.said electrical signals with a pseudorandom noise generator producing random signals in a range of approximately 5 to 100 Hertz; .Iadd.and .Iaddend.   selectively combining an audio program signal of said motion picture performance with said electrical signals to form a composite electrical signal prior to amplifying said composite signal..[.; and.].   .[.amplifying said composite signal to a relatively high level to produce acoustical energy from said speaker system at sufficient power levels to establish the sensation of earthquake movements in the audience..].   
     
     
       5. A method of providing for the control of special effects during the performance of a motion picture with a film format having a single audio channel in the form of an optical track, said method comprising: limiting the audio frequency response of said audio channel to above a set cut-off frequency and frequency multiplexing into said audio channel first and second control frequencies which are below said cut-off frequency;   amplitude modulating said control frequencies in accordance with a desired effects control pattern;   detecting said control frequencies during the performance of said motion picture to produce first and second analog control signals which vary with the amplitude of said control frequencies generating first and second digital control signals when said first and second control frequencies respectively exceed a threshold amplitude;   logically combining said first and second digital control signals to produce four function control signals; and   utilizing said first and second analog control signals and said four function control signals to control said special effects.   
     
     
       6. The method defined in claim 5 including the step of: applying said first and second analog control signals, and said four function control signals to desired effects generators to operate and control said generators in accordance with said desired effects control pattern.   
     
     
       7. The method defined in claim 5 including: generating effects electrical signals with a pseudorandom noise generator having components in the sonic and infrasonic frequency range;   directing said effects signals over a first signal path;   directing the program signals in said audio channel over a second signal path;   controlling the gain in said first and second signal paths with said first and second analog control signals respectively;   utilizing first, second and third function signals to selectively connect said first and second signal paths into a composite effects signal path, connect said first signal path to said effects signal path, connect said second signal path to said effects signal path and inhibit connection of said first and second signal paths to said composite effects signal path, respectively.   
     
     
       8. The method defined in claim 7 including the step of: amplifying the signals in said effects signal path and applying them to an electro-acoustic transducer located in said theater.   
     
     
       9. The method defined in claim 7 including the steps of: utilizing a fourth function signal to control a step wise increase in gain of said program signal in said audio channel before amplification thereof; and   amplifying the signals in said effects signal path and applying said amplified signal to an electro-acoustic transducer located in said theater.   
     
     
       10. The method defined in claim 5 including the steps of: generating effects electrical signals with a pseudorandom noise generator having components in the sonic and infrasonic frequency range;   directing said effects signals over a first signal path;   controlling the gain in said first signal path with said first analog control signal;   selectively directing the signals over said first signal path to an amplifier and electro-acoustic transducer system with a first one of said four function signals.   
     
     
       11. The method defined in claim 10 including the step of directing the program signal in said audio channel over a second electrical signal path and providing a selective step increase in gain in said second electrical signal path with a second one of said four function signals. 
     
     
       12. A method of providing for the control of special effects during the performance of a motion picture with a multiple audio channel magnetic stripe film format having an additional optical track, said method comprising: recording on said optical track first and second control frequencies which are amplitude modulated in accordance with a desired effects control pattern;   detecting said control frequencies during the performance of said motion picture to produce first and second analog control signals which vary with the amplitude of said control frequencies generating first and second digital control signals when said first and second control frequencies respectively exceed a threshold amplitude;   logically combining said first and second digital control signals to produce four function control signals;   utilizing said first and second analog control signals and said four function control signals to control said special effects.   
     
     
       13. The method defined in claim 12, including the steps of: generating effects electrical signals with a pseudorandom noise generator which produces random signals in a range of approximately 5 to 100 Hertz;   directing said effects signals over a first electrical path;   directing the program signals in said multiple audio channel over a second signal path;   controlling the gain in said first signal path and one of said audio channels in said second signal path with first and second analog control signals, respectively;   utilizing first, second and third function control signals to selectively connect said first signal path and said one of said audio channels in said second signal path into a composite effects signal path, connect said first signal path to said effects signal path, connect said one of said audio channels in said second signal path to said effects signal path and inhibit connection of said first signal path and said one of said audio channels in said second signal path to said composite effects signal path, respectively;   utilizing a fourth function control signal to control a step wise increase in gain of said program signals in said second signal path; and   amplifying the signals in said effects signal path and applying it to an electro-acoustic transducer located in said theater.   
     
     
       14. Apparatus for simulating the physiological and pyschological sensation of earthquake movements in an audience .[.in.]. .Iadd.within .Iaddend.a theater .Iadd.space .Iaddend.during a motion picture performance, said apparatus comprising: means for generating effects electrical signals including a pseudorandom noise generator which produces random signals simulating an earthquake in a range of approximately 5 to 100 Hertz .Iadd.and including simultaneous, plural infrasonic components.Iaddend.;   amplifier means for amplifying said effects signals to a relatively high level sufficient to simulate the specified sensation; and   electro-acoustic transducer means connected to said amplifier means and located .[.in.]. .Iadd.within .Iaddend.said theater .Iadd.space.Iaddend., said electro-acoustic transducer means being capable of reproducing said relatively high level effects signals.   
     
     
       15. The apparatus defined in claim 14, including: means for selectively controlling the application of said effects signals to said amplifier means.   
     
     
       16. Apparatus for simulating the physiological and psychological sensation of earthquake movements in an audience in a theater during a motion picture performance, said motion picture having a film format with a single audio channel in the form of an optical track, said apparatus comprising: means for limiting the audio frequency response of said audio channel to above a set cut-off frequency and means for frequency multiplexing into said audio channel first and second control frequencies which are below said cut-off frequency;   means for amplitude modulating said control frequencies in accordance with a desired sensation control pattern;   means for detecting said control frequencies during the performance of said motion picture and producing first and second analog control signals which vary with the amplitude of said control frequencies and means for generating first and second digital control signals whose presence depends on a threshold amplitude of said control frequencies;   means for logically combining said first and second digital control signals to produce four function control signals;   means responsive to said first and second analog control signals and said four function control signals for the generation of the sensation of earthquake movements.   
     
     
       17. The apparatus defined in claim 16, including: means for generating effects electrical signals including a pseudorandom noise generator which produces random signals in a range of approximately 5 to 100 Hertz;   amplifier means for amplifying said effects signals to a relatively high level sufficient to simulate the specified sensation, said effects generating means being selectively connected to said amplifier means by said control means; and   electro-acoustic transducer means connected to said amplifier means and located in said theater, said electro-acoustic transducer means being capable of reproducing said relatively high level effects signals.   
     
     
       18. The apparatus as defined in claim 17 including: means for directing said effects signals over a first electrical path;   means for directing program signals in said audio channel over a second signal path; and wherein   said control means controls the gain in said first and second signal paths with said first and second analog control signals, respectively;   said control means further utilizes said first second and third function control signals to selectively connect said first and second signal paths into a composite effects signal path, connect said first signal path to said effects signal path, connect said second signal path to said effects signal path and inhibit connection of said first and second signal paths to said composite effects signal path, respectively.   
     
     
       19. The apparatus as defined in claim 18, wherein: said control means further utilizes a fourth function control signal to control a stepwise increase in gain of said program signal in said audio channel.   
     
     
       20. A method of simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation in an audience .[.in.]. .Iadd.within .Iaddend.a theater .Iadd.space.Iaddend., said method comprising the steps of: displaying to the audience a motion picture sequence;   generating acoustical energy having .Iadd.plural simultaneous .Iaddend.frequency components in the infrasonic frequency range, said acoustical energy being at sufficient power levels to establish the sensation of .Iadd.substantial .Iaddend.physical movement .Iadd.corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena.Iaddend.; and radiating .Iadd.from a source within the theater space .Iaddend.said acoustical energy.Iadd., including at least said plural simultaneous frequency components, at said sufficient power levels, .Iaddend.to the audience, in synchronism with said motion picture sequence .Iadd.as said sequence depicts said phenomena.Iaddend., whereby said energy is acoustically coupled to the audience .Iadd.through the air .Iaddend.to establish the specified physiological and psychological sensation.   
     
     
       21. The method defined in claim 20 wherein: said generating step includes generating components in the 5 to 100 Hertz frequency range.   
     
     
       22. In a system for .Iadd.realistically .Iaddend.simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation .[.in.]. .Iadd.within .Iaddend.an audience .Iadd.viewing a visual display .Iaddend.in a theater .Iadd.space.Iaddend., the combination comprising: means for generating electrical signals with random frequencies and transients having .Iadd.simultaneous plural .Iaddend.components in at least the infrasonic frequency range;   means for amplifying said signals to sufficient power levels to induce the specified sensation; and   means for applying said amplified signals to electro-acoustic transducers located .[.in.]. .Iadd.within .Iaddend.said theater .Iadd.space.Iaddend., whereby acoustical energy at sufficient power levels to establish the specified physiological and psychological sensation .Iadd.of substantial physical movement corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena .Iaddend.is acoustically coupled to the audience .Iadd.through the air of the theater space. .Iaddend.   
     
     
       23. A system as defined in claim 22 wherein: said amplified signals are selectively applied to said electro-acoustic transducers.   
     
     
       24. A system as defined in claim 22 wherein: said electrical signals are generated with a pseudo-random noise generator producing random signals in the 5 to 100 Hertz frequency range.   
     
     
       25. In a system for providing for the control of special effects during the performance of a motion picture with a film format having a single audio channel in the form of an optical track, apparatus comprising: means for limiting the audio frequency response of said audio channel to above a set cut-off frequency and frequency multiplexing into said audio channel first and second control frequencies which are below said cut-off frequency;   means for amplitude modulating said control frequencies in accordance with a desired effects control pattern;   means for detecting said control frequencies during the performance of said motion picture to produce first and second analog control signals which vary with the amplitude of said control frequencies generating first and second digital control signals when said first and second control frequencies respectively exceed a threshold amplitude;   means for logically combining said first and second digital control signals to produce four function control signals; and   means for applying said first and second analog control signals, and said four function control signals to desired effects generators to operate and control said generators in accordance with said desired effects control pattern.   
     
     
       26. A method of simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation in an audience .Iadd.within a theater space.Iaddend., comprising the steps of: displaying a .[.motiion.]. .Iadd.motion .Iaddend.picture to the audience; and   generating and acoustically coupling .Iadd.directly through the air of the theater space .Iaddend.to the audience, in synchronism with .Iadd.positions of .Iaddend.said motion picture .Iadd.relating to phenomena being simulated.Iaddend., acoustical energy .Iadd.containing simultaneous plural components .Iaddend.in at least the infrasonic frequency range at sufficient power levels to create the sensation of .Iadd.substantial .Iaddend.physical movement .Iadd.corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena .Iaddend.in the audience.   
     
     
       27. The method defined in claim 26 wherein: said generating step includes generating acoustical energy in the 5 to 100 Hertz frequency range.   
     
     
       28. Apparatus for .Iadd.realistically .Iaddend.simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation .Iadd.relating to physical movement .Iaddend.in an audience, comprising: means for displaying a motion picture .Iadd.within the space .Iaddend.to the audience .Iadd.within a theater space.Iaddend.; and   means for generating and acoustically coupling to the audience .Iadd.directly through the air of the theater space.Iaddend., under the control of said motion picture .Iadd.relating to phenomena being simulated.Iaddend., acoustical energy .Iadd.having simultaneous plural components .Iaddend.in at least the infrasonic frequency range at sufficient power levels to induce the specified sensation .Iadd.involving physical movement .Iaddend.in the audience .Iadd.of substantial physical movement corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena.Iaddend..   
     
     
       29. Apparatus as set forth in claim 28, wherein: said acoustical energy is generated in the 5 to 100 Hertz frequency range. .Iadd.   
     
     
       30.  A method of realistically simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation relating to physical movement in an audience within a theater space viewing a visual display, said method comprising the steps of: generating a complex waveform having a combination of frequencies including simultaneous plural components in at least the infrasonic frequency range; and   applying, in synchronism with portions of said visual display depicting the phenomena being simulated, said combination of frequencies to acoustic transducers located within said theater space, to provide acoustical output including said combination of frequencies at sufficient power levels to induce, by direct acoustical coupling through the air, the specified sensation of substantial physical movement corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena, in the audience within the theater space. .Iaddend. .Iadd.   
     
     
       31.  The method defined in claim 30 wherein: .Iaddend. said generating step includes generating components in the 5 to 100 Hertz frequency range.  .Iadd.32. A method of realistically simulating the physiological and psychological sensation of earthquake movements in an audience within a theater space during a motion picture performance, said method comprising the steps of:   generating electrical signals with a combination of frequencies simulating an earthquake and having simultaneous plural components in at least the infrasonic frequency range;   amplifying said signals to sufficient power levels for inducing the desired sensation of movements in the audience; and   selectively applying said amplified signals to at least one speaker system located within said theater space, during pre-selected portions of said motion picture performance and in synchronism with said motion picture, to achieve the sensation of movements by direct acoustical coupling of said combination of frequencies, at said sufficient power levels, through the   
     
     
        air to the audience within the theater space. .Iaddend. .Iadd.33.  A method of realistically simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation relating to physical movement in an audience within a theater space, said method comprising the steps of: displaying to the audience a motion picture sequence,   generating acoustical energy as a complex waveform having simultaneous plural frequency components in the infrasonic frequency range, said acoustical energy being at sufficient power levels to establish the sensation of physical movement, and   radiating said acoustical energy from a source within the theater space to the audience, in synchronism with said motion picture sequence, whereby said energy is acoustically coupled, at said sufficient power levels, directly through the air of the theater space to establish the specified physiological and psychological sensation of substantial physical movement corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena. .Iaddend. .Iadd.34. The method defined in claim 33 wherein:   said generation step includes generating components in the 5 to 100 Hertz   
     
     
        frequency range. .Iaddend. .Iadd.35.  In a system for realistically simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation relating to physical movement in an audience viewing a visual display within a theater space, the combination comprising: means for producing electrical signals having simultaneous plural components in at least the infrasonic frequency range;   means for amplifying said signals to sufficient power levels to induce the specified sensation of substantial physical movement corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena; and   means for applying said amplified signals to electroacoustic transducers located within said theater space, whereby acoustical energy including said simultaneous plural components, at sufficient power levels to establish the specified physiological and psychological sensation, is directly acoustically coupled through the air to the audience. .Iaddend. .Iadd.36. A system as defined in claim 35 wherein:   said electrical signals are produced in the 5 to 100 Hertz frequency range. .Iaddend. .Iadd.37. A method of realistically simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation relating to physical movement in an audience within a theater space, comprising the steps of:   displaying a motion picture to the audience; and   generating and acoustically coupling directly through the air to the audience from a source within the theater space, in synchronism with said motion picture, acoustical energy including a combination of frequencies having simultaneous plural components in at least the infrasonic frequency range at sufficient power levels to create the sensation in the audience of substantial physical movement corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena. .Iaddend. .Iadd.38. The method defined in claim 37 wherein:   said generating step includes generating acoustical energy in the 5 to 100 Hertz frequency range. .Iaddend. .Iadd.39. Apparatus for realistically simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation relating to physical movement in an audience within a theater space, comprising:   means for displaying a motion picture to the audience; and   means for generating and acoustically coupling directly through the air to the audience from a source with the theater space, under the control of said motion picture, acoustical energy, including a combination of frequencies having simultaneous plural components in at least the infrasonic frequency range, at sufficient power levels to induce the specified sensation in the audience of substantial physical movement corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena. .Iaddend.   
     
     
        .Iadd.40.  Apparatus as set forth in claim 39 wherein: said acoustical energy is generated in the 5 to 100 Hertz frequency range. .Iaddend. .Iadd.41. A method of realistically simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation relating to physical movement in an audience within a theater space viewing a visual display, said method comprising the steps of:   generating a complex waveform having a combination of frequencies including plural simultaneous components in at least the infrasonic frequency range; and   applying, in synchronism with and under the direct control of said visual display, said combination of frequencies to acoustic transducers located within the theater space and surrounding the audience space, to provide acoustical output including at least said plural simultaneous components at sufficient power levels to induce the specified sensation of substantial physical movement corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena in the audience by direct acoustical coupling through the air and without direct physical contact with the audience. .Iaddend. .Iadd.42. The method defined in claim 41 wherein:   said generating step includes generating components in the 5 to 100 Hertz   
     
     
        frequency range. .Iaddend. .Iadd.43.  A method of realistically simulating the physiological and phychological sensation of earthquake movements in an audience within a theater space during a motion picture performance, said method comprising the steps of: generating electrical signals with a combination of frequencies simulating an earthquake and having simultaneous plural components in at least the infrasonic frequency range,   amplifying said signals to sufficient power levels for realistically inducing the desired sensation of substantial movements in the audience, and   selectively applying said amplified signals to acoustic transducers within said theater space and surrounding the audience space during pre-selected portions of said motion picture performance depicting said earthquake and in synchronism with said motion picture, to radiate acoustical energy, including at least said simultaneous plural frequency components, at said sufficient power levels, to the audience, and to achieve the sensation of substantial movements directly by acoustical coupling through the air and without direct physical contact with the audience. .Iaddend. .Iadd.44. The method defined in claim 43 wherein:   said generating step includes generating components in the 5 to 100 Hertz   
     
     
        frequency range. .Iaddend. .Iadd.45.  In a system for realistically simulating a specified physiological and psychological sensation relating to physical movement in an audience within a theater space, the combination comprising: means for displaying a motion picture to an audience,   means for producing electrical signals as a complex waveform with a combination of frequencies having plural simultaneous components in at least the infrasonic frequency range;   means for amplifying said signals to sufficient power levels to induce the specified sensation of substantial physical movement corresponding to low frequency impact and shock wave phenomena in the audience; and   means for applying, in synchronism with and under the direct control of said motion picture during scenes depicting said phenomena, said amplified signals to electroacoustic transducers located within said theater space and surrounding the audience space, whereby acoustical energy including said simultaneous plural components at sufficient power levels to establish the specified physiological and psychological sensation of substantial physical movement is radiated and acoustically coupled through the air in the theater space to the audience without direct physical contact with the audience. .Iaddend. .Iadd.46. A system as defined in claim 45 wherein:   said electrical signals are produced in the 5 to 100 Hertz frequency range. .Iaddend. .Iadd.47. A system as defined in claim 45 wherein:   said electrical signals include random frequencies and transients. .Iaddend.