Pulsating torque apparatus and method

Abstract

An electrical apparatus producing pulsating high torque rotational vibration movement combined with a slow superimposed unidirectional rotary motion is disclosed. The apparatus includes an alternating current motor combined in a mechanically resonatable system with electrical apparatus producing a non-alterating component of magnetic flux in the motor structure. The torque generating ability of the motor is increased approximately five-fold even though the motor is operated from the same supply voltage. The disclosed apparatus is illustrated connected to a waste disposer device.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A waste disposer device comprising: a substantially hollow cylindrical stator member;   a rotor member contained within said stator member and defining therewith a receptacle for receiving waste material, said rotor and stator members including cooperating teeth members;   means including an induction motor for driving said rotor member;   first control means for generating unidirectional rotation in said means for driving;   second control means including means for simultaneously applying alternating and direct current to said means for driving for generating rapidly fluctuating bidirectional rotational movement in said means for driving, to provide disintegrating action between said rotor and said stator members.   
     
     
       2. The waste disposer device of claim 1 wherein said teeth members are constructed to cut in either rotational direction. .[.3. An improved jam-breaking apparatus for a waste disposer having a cutting wheel driven by an alternating current motor which includes a rotor and a multiple winding stator, said apparatus comprising: means for urging said rotor and cutting wheel in one rotational direction in response to alternating current pulses of one polarity in windings of said multiple stator windings and in the opposite rotational direction in response to alternating current pulses of the other polarity in windings of said multiple stator windings; and   
     
     
       means for selectively actuating said urging means..]. 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said means for urging includes means for generating a 
     
     
        unidirectional magnetic field in said motor. 5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said means for urging includes an electrical rectifier element 
     
     
        connected with a portion of said stator windings. 6. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said means for urging includes both a rectifier element and a capacitor element connected with a portion of said stator windings. 
     
     
         . The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said motor has at least two sets of windings on said stator and wherein said means for urging includes a capacitor connected in series with one of said winding sets and a 
     
     
        rectifier selectively connected in shunt with said winding set. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 also including starting torque reversing means connected to selectively reverse the relative alternating current phasing between said winding sets. .[.9. The apparatus of claim 3 further including means mechanically resonatable at the frequency of said urging 
     
     
        in opposing rotational directions..]. 10. In combination with a food waste disposer apparatus wherein a rotary pulverizing member is driven by a single phase squirrel cage alternating current motor having a run winding and a start winding, and wherein the start winding is series connected with a phase shifting capacitor across a source of alternating current energy, an improved static jam-breaking apparatus comprising: means for moving said pulverizing member in fluctuating bidirectional movement including electrical rectifying means connected in shunt with said start winding,   said rectifying means also excluding from said start winding current pulses of one polarity while charging said capacitor for increased current pulses of the opposite polarity in said start winding;   an electrical switch member connected with said electrical rectifying means   
     
     
        for selectably including and removing said rectifying means. 11. The waste disposer apparatus of claim 10 wherein said rotary pulverizing member includes teeth constructed to cut in either rotational direction and further including means for connecting said start winding in opposite phase relationship each time the motor is started and for disconnecting said start winding in response to the motor attaining substantially full 
     
     
        operating speed. 12. Apparatus for selectively generating a sequence of forward and reverse surges of rotational movement in the cutting wheel of a waste disposer apparatus comprising: an n-phase squirrel cage rotor alternating current motor having at least a first winding and a second winding mounted on the stator thereof, the squirrel cage rotor being mechanically connected with said cutting wheel;   means for producing in said first winding an alternating current flow;   means for producing in said second winding an alternating current flow displaced in time phase with respect to current flowing in said first winding;   means for moving said rotor in rapidly fluctuating bidirectional rotation including stator winding means selectively producing in said motor magnetic poles having constant magnetic polarity with respect to polarity changes in the alternating current energy supplied to said motor, said constant poles being acted upon by magnetic flux resulting from one of said stator windings across the rotor to stator motor air gap for moving said rotor and cutting wheel in rapid bidirectional rotational movement.   
     
     
          . In combination: an alternating current electric motor having a squirrel cage rotor and a stator containing a plurality of electrical winding sets;   means for moving said rotor in rapidly fluctuating bidirectional motion including: means for supplying alternating current electrical energy of positive and negative pulse polarities to one of said stator electrical winding sets;   means for applying direct current electrical energy including one alternating current pulse polarity and excluding the other alternating current pulse polarity to a second of said stator electrical winding sets.     
     
     
        4. The apparatus of claim 13 including selective means limiting the application of said direct current electrical energy to said second winding set for moving said rotor in rapid bidirectional fluctuations to instances wherein said rotor member has a velocity substantially below the 
     
     
        normal running speed of said motor. 15. The apparatus of claim 13 including means for increasing the amplitude of the current pulses applied to said second electrical winding set with respect to the alternating current pulses applied to the first electrical winding set. .[.16. A method for producing rotational oscillations in an induction alternating current motor comprising: connecting alternating current energy to a first set of electrical windings located at a plurality of first stator pole locations in said motor, and   simultaneously applying direct current energy to a second set of electrical windings located at a plurality of second stator pole locations in said motor, commencing said applying with the rotor of said motor in a substantially static condition..]. .[.17. The method of claim 16 wherein said direct current energy is undulating in nature and wherein said undulating is synchronized with said alternating current energy to provide unidirectional rotation of said rotor in addition to said rotational oscillation..]. .[.18. The method of claim 16 further including the step of:   coupling said motor to a rotational vibration-responsive mechanical   
     
     
        load..]. 19. The method of claim .[.18.]. .Iadd.47 .Iaddend.wherein said rotational vibration-responsive mechanical load is mechanically resonatable. .[.20. The method of claim 16 wherein the rotor of said motor is at first mechanically restrained and is gradually released from restraint by said rotational vibration and wherein said rotor undergoes a period of mechanical resonance in the course of said gradual release..]. 
     
     
        .[.21.  A method for operating a squirrel cage rotor induction alternating current motor comprising: generating in the stator of said motor a plurality of time-varying alternating current magnetic poles;   inducing magnetically in the rotor of said motor a plurality of unidirectional magnetic poles, and   coupling said motor to a rotational vibration-responsive mechanical load..]. .[.22. The method of claim 21 wherein said step of inducing magnetically in the squirrel cage rotor a plurality of unidirectional magnetic poles includes generating in the stator a plurality of fixed polarity magnetic poles and magnetically coupling flux from said stator poles into the rotor..]. .[.23. In combination:   an alternating current induction motor having a stator member with a plurality of electrical winding sets and a rotor member;   means for urging said rotor in rapidly alternating bidirectional rotational strokes from a starting position including:   means supplying alternating current electrical energy to one of said stator electrical winding sets for generating alternating stator magnetic flux;   means supplying direct current electrical energy to a second of said stator electrical winding sets for generating non-reversing stator magnetic flux;   the non-reversing and alternating stator magnetic fluxes cooperating to urge the rotor in bidirectional rotational strokes from a starting position..]. .[.24. The apparatus of claim 23 further including means selectively replacing said direct current electrical energy in said second stator winding set with alternating current energy of positive and negative pulse polarities for accelerating and running said motor at   
     
     
        normal induction motor speed..]. 25. The apparatus of claim .[.24.]. .Iadd.49 .Iaddend.further including means inhibiting the application of said direct current electrical energy at rotor speeds near said normal speed. .[.26. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein said non-reversing stator magnetic flux is at least equal in quantity to said alternating magnetic 
     
     
        flux..]. 27. The apparatus of claim .[.26.]. .Iadd.50 .Iaddend.further including means for increasing the quantity of said non-reversing flux. .[.28. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein said direct current electrical energy and said non-reversing stator magnetic flux are undulating in nature; undulating flux adding a component of unidirectional motion to the alternate rotational movement of said rotor member..]. .[.29. The apparatus of claim 28 further including electrical rectifying means for generating said undulating electrical energy from the source of said alternating current energy..]. .[.30. Oscillatory apparatus comprising:   an alternating current induction motor having adjacently mounted stator and squirrel cage rotor members initially in the quiescent state;   means for generating in a portion of said stator member alternating polarity magnetic flux which acts on said rotor member;   means for generating in a portion of said stator member a quantity of non-reversing polarity magnetic flux sufficient, in cooperation with said alternating polarity flux, to move said rotor member in rapidly   
     
     
        alternating rotational oscillations..]. .[.31.  A method for operating an alternating current induction motor comprising: establishing with one stator winding an alternating polarity magnetic flux coupling the motor stator and rotor members;   generating with another stator winding a quantity of non-reversing magnetic flux sufficient, when cooperative with said alternating polarity flux, to move the rotor member in rapid small amplitude rotational oscillations..]. .[.32. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said alternating current motor is an induction motor and includes squirrel cage windings on said rotor member..]. .[.33. Apparatus for generating oscillating bidirectional motion comprising:   an alternating current induction motor having a squirrel cage rotor and a stator containing a plurality of electrical winding sets;   means for supplying alternating current electrical energy of positive and negative pulse polarities to one of said stator electrical winding sets;   means including a rectifier element connected in parallel with said second of said electrical winding sets for applying direct current electrical energy including one alternating current pulse polarity and excluding the other alternating current pulse polarity to a second of said electrical winding sets;   means including a capacitor element connected in series with the parallel combination of said rectifier and second electrical winding set for increasing the amplitude of current pulses applies to said second of said   
     
     
        electrical winding sets..]. 34. In combination: an alternating current induction motor having a stator member with a plurality of electrical winding sets and a rotor member;   means for urging said rotor in bidirectional rotational strokes from a starting position including:   means supplying alternating current electrical energy to one of said stator electrical winding sets for generating alternating stator magnetic flux;   means supplying direct current electrical energy to a second of said stator electrical winding sets for generating non-reversing stator magnetic flux; and,   means replacing said direct current electrical energy with alternating current energy in said second winding set for accelerating said rotor to   
     
     
        near synchronous rotating speed in response to decreased motor load. 35. In combination: an alternating current induction motor having a stator member with a plurality of electrical winding sets and a rotor member;   means for urging said rotor in bidirectional rotational strokes from a starting position including: means supplying alternating current   electrical energy to one of said stator electrical winding sets for generating alternating stator magnetic flux;   means supplying direct current electrical energy to a second of said stator electrical winding sets for generating non-reversing stator magnetic flux;     means replacing said direct current electrical energy with alternating current energy in said second winding set for accelerating said rotor to near synchronous rotating speed in response to decreased motor load; and,   means for reversing the direction of rotor rotation each time said means   
     
     
        for accelerating is used. .[.36.  In combination: an alternating current induction motor having a stator member with a plurality of electrical winding sets and a rotor member;   means for urging said rotor in bidirectional rotational strokes from a starting position including: means supplying alternating current electrical energy to one of said stator electrical winding sets for generating alternating stator magnetic flux;   means supplying direct current electrical energy to a second of said stator electrical winding sets for generating non-reversing stator magnetic flux; and,     means rotationally mechanically resonant at the frequency of said bidirectional rotational motion..]..Iadd. 37. Waste disposer apparatus comprising inlet and outlet means for waste material, rotary grinding means for grinding said waste material during passage through said apparatus, an alternating current motor including a rotor coupled to said rotary grinding means and first and second windings for causing rotation of said rotor and said grinding means, connecting means for connecting said first and second windings to a source of alternating current; and power conversion means including rectifying means for converting said alternating current into pulsed direct current and switch means for selectively applying said pulsed direct current to said second winding and causing generation of a pulsed unidirectional jam breaking torque. .Iaddend..Iadd. 38. Apparatus according to claim 37 wherein said power conversion means removes alternating current from said second winding when said pulsed direct current is applied thereto. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 39. Apparatus according to claim 38 wherein said rectifying means are connected in series with said switch means and with a capacitor and further wherein said second winding is connected in parallel with the series combination of said rectifying means and said switch means. .Iaddend..Iadd. 40. Apparatus according to claim 39 wherein said motor is a single phase alternating current motor with said first winding being connected as a run winding and said second winding being connected as a start winding. .Iaddend..Iadd. 41. Apparatus according to claim 40 wherein control means are provided for disconnecting said second winding from said connecting means in response to a predetermined operating condition of said motor and reestablishing said connection when said apparatus is energized from a deenergized condition. .Iaddend..Iadd. 42. Apparatus according to claim 41 wherein said control means reverses the connection of said second winding to said connecting means each time said connection is reestablished. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 43. Apparatus according to claim 40 wherein said motor comprises a squirrel cage winding on said rotor and a stator including said first and second windings. .Iaddend..Iadd. 44. Apparatus according to claim 43 wherein said second winding is connected to said connecting means in parallel with said first winding. .Iaddend..Iadd. 45. Apparatus according to claim 39 wherein said motor is a three phase alternating current motor with said first and second windings being connected for different phase operation. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 46. Waste disposer apparatus comprising means defining a receptacle for waste material to be ground by said apparatus and including a set of stationary cutting teeth, inlet and outlet means for said receptacle, a cutting wheel mounted in said receptacle and equipped with cutting wheel teeth for cooperating with said stationary cutting teeth to grind waste material passing through said receptacle from said inlet means to said outlet means, an alternating current motor including a rotor mechanically coupled to said cutting wheel and a stator magnetically coupled to said rotor, first and second windings wound on said stator for causing rotation of said rotor, connecting means for connecting said first and second windings to a source of alternating current, rectifying means for receiving alternating current from said connecting means and converting said alternating current into pulsed direct current, and switch means for removing said alternating current from said second winding and substituting said pulsed direct current therefor during conditions when said cutting wheel has become jammed, said substitution causing application to said cutting wheel of a fluctuating bidirectional torque having a net unidirectional component. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 47. A method for producing rotational oscillations in an induction alternating current motor comprising:   connecting alternating current energy to a first set of electrical windings located at a plurality of first stator pole locations in said motor,   simultaneously applying direct current energy to a second set of electrical windings located at a plurality of second stator pole locations in said motor, commencing said applying with the rotor of said motor in a substantially static condition, and   coupling said motor to a rotational vibration-responsive mechanical load.   
     
     
        .Iaddend..Iadd. 48.  A method for producing rotational oscillations in an induction alternating current motor comprising: connecting alternating current energy to a first set of electrical windings located at a plurality of first stator pole locations in said motor, and   simultaneously applying direct current energy to a second set of electrical windings located at a plurality of second stator pole locations in said motor, commencing said applying with the rotor of said motor being at first mechanically restrained in a substantially static condition and being gradually released from restraint by rotational vibration accompanying a period of mechanical resonance. .Iaddend..Iadd. 49. In combination:   an alternating current induction motor having a stator member with a plurality of electrical winding sets and a rotor member;   means for urging said rotor in rapidly alternating bidirectional strokes from a starting position including means supplying alternating current electrical energy to one of the said stator electrical winding sets for generating alternating stator magnetic flux,   means supplying direct current electrical energy to a second of said stator electrical winding sets for generating non-reversing stator magnetic flux, and   means selectively replacing said direct current electrical energy in said second stator winding set with alternating current energy of positive and negative pulse polarities for accelerating and running said motor at normal induction motor speed;     the non-reversing and alternating stator magnetic fluxes cooperating to urge the rotor in bidirectional rotational strokes from a starting   
     
     
        position. .Iaddend..Iadd. 50.  In combination: an alternating current induction motor having a stator member with a plurality of electrical winding sets and a rotor member; and   means for urging said rotor in rapidly alternating bidirectional rotational strokes from a starting position including: means supplying alternating current electrical energy to one of said stator electrical winding sets for generating alternating stator magnetic flux, and   means supplying direct current electrical energy to a second of said stator electrical winding sets for generating non-reversing stator magnetic flux;     the non-reversing stator magnetic flux being at least equal in quantity to said alternating magnetic flux and both magnetic fluxes cooperating to urge the rotor in bidirectional rotational strokes from a starting position. .Iaddend.