Manhole and method of manufacture

Abstract

A preformed manhole suitable for use underground is made of reinforced plastic. The manhole comprises a dome section integrally joined at one end of a tubular body by an endless band of reinforced plastic. The dome is arcuately shaped to provide resistance to buckling, and in one specific embodiment is generally hemispherical. The dome includes a manway and a load bearing shoulder for supporting the manhole cover and frame. An upwardly extending rib or collar is provided around the manway to provide additional stiffness and stability. The method for making the preformed manhole is also disclosed. The tubular body is made by applying resin, glass fiber reinforcement, and particulate filler on an endlessly advancing mandrel. The dome is made by applying resin and glass fibers on the surface of a rotating mold. The dome and body are joined by laying-up resin and glass over their mated ends.

I claim: 
     
       1. A preformed manhole enclosure suitable for use underground and made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, the manhole enclosure comprising a tubular body and a dome at an upper end of the tubular body, the dome including a wall of continuous double curvature and having a manway providing access to the interior of the tubular body, the dome further including a load bearing shoulder and an integral stiffening collar, the load bearing shoulder circumscribing the manway and presenting a generally planar, upwardly facing annular surface for supporting a load, the stiffening collar extending generally perpendicularly upwardly from an inner edge of the shoulder and being effective to stiffen the shoulder against deflection due to externally applied loads, and a central vertical section through the dome being defined on each of opposite sides of the manway by a downwardly concave curved section of the wall extending upwardly from the tubular body and curving radially inwardly of the dome in a downwardly concave curve, a section of the load bearing shoulder extending radially inwardly of the dome from an upper end of the downwardly concave section of the wall, and a section of the stiffening collar extending upwardly from an inner end of the section of the load bearing shoulder. 
     
     
       2. The manhole enclosure of claim 1, wherein the body is cylindrical and the dome is generally hemispherical. 
     
     
       3. The manhole enclosure of claim 1, wherein said dome and said body have mating ends and are joined together by an endless band of reinforced plastic overlaying the mated connection and bonded to both said dome and said body. 
     
     
       4. The manhole enclosure of claim 3, wherein the wall of said dome is thickest in the region adjacent the manway and gradually decreases in thickness toward the mating end. 
     
     
       5. The manhole enclosure of claim 3, wherein said dome section includes a radially enlarged lip along its mating edge, said lip overlapping the mating edge of said tubular body. 
     
     
       6. The manhole enclosure of claim 3, wherein said endless band comprises glass fibers embedded in a matrix of hardened resin. 
     
     
       7. The manhole enclosure of claim 6, wherein at least some of the glass fibers embedded in said resin matrix extend continuously around said band, and other of said glass fibers extend transversely of said band and across the mated connection. 
     
     
       8. The manhole enclosure of claim 1, wherein both said body and said dome section are comprised of a matrix of polyester resin reinforced with randomly dispersed chopped glass strands. 
     
     
       9. The manhole enclosure of claim 8, wherein said tubular body further includes a sand filler in said resin matrix. .Iadd. 10. A preformed manhole enclosure suitable for use underground comprising a one-piece cylindrical body formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and a one-piece dome formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and joined to an end of the cylindrical body, the dome including a downwardly concave generally spherically curved wall portion having a generally vertically extending lower end portion and an upwardly and inwardly inclined upper end portion and having generally parallel inner and outer surfaces of generally spherical curvature, a load bearing shoulder, and an integral stiffening collar defining a manway providing access to the interior of the cylindrical body, the load bearing shoulder circumscribing the collar, presenting a generally planar, normally upwardly facing annular surface for supporting a load, and extending a distance radially inwardly of the cylindrical body from the inclined upper end portion of the downwardly concave curved wall portion to the stiffening collar, the stiffening collar being effective to stiffen the shoulder against deflection due to externally applied loads and extending generally perpendicularly from the shoulder oppositely from the curved wall portion a distance substantially equal to the distance the shoulder extends from the curved wall portion, and the curved wall portion extending from the cylindrical body sufficiently to space the load bearing shoulder therefrom a distance greater than half the radius of curvature of the curved wall portion and increasing gradually in thickness from a relatively thin portion adjacent the cylindrical body to a relatively thick portion adjacent the loading bearing shoulder. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 11. A preformed manhole enclosure suitable for use underground comprising a one-piece cylindrical body formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and a one-piece dome formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and joined to an end of the cylindrical body, the dome including a downwardly concave generally spherically curved wall portion having a generally vertically extending lower end portion and an upwardly and inwardly inclined upper end portion and having generally parallel inner and outer surfaces of generally spherical curvature, a load bearing shoulder, and an integral stiffening collar defining a manway providing access to the interior of the cylindrical body, the load bearing shoulder circumscribing the collar, presenting a generally planar, normally upwardly facing annular surface for supporting a load, and extending a distance radially inwardly of the cylindrical body from the inclined upper end portion of the downwardly concave curved wall portion to the stiffening collar, the stiffening collar being effective to stiffen the shoulder against deflection due to externally applied loads and extending generally perpendicularly from the shoulder oppositely from the curved wall portion, and the curved wall portion extending from the cylindrical body sufficiently to space the load bearing shoulder therefrom a distance greater than half the radius of curvature of the curved wall portion. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 12. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 11 wherein the generally spherically curved wall portion increases gradually in thickness from a relatively thin portion adjacent the cylindrical body to a relatively thick portion adjacent the load bearing shoulder. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 13. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 11 wherein the stiffening collar extends from the load bearing shoulder a distance substantially equal to the distance the shoulder extends from the curved wall portion. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 14. A preformed manhole enclosure suitable for use underground comprising a one-piece cylindrical body formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and a one-piece dome formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and joined to an end of the cylindrical body, the dome including a downwardly concave generally spherically curved wall portion having a generally vertically extending lower end portion and an upwardly and inwardly inclined upper end portion and having generally parallel inner and outer surfaces of generally spherical curvature, a load bearing shoulder, and an integral stiffening collar defining a manway providing access to the interior of the cylindrical body, the load bearing shoulder circumscribing the collar, presenting a generally planar, normally upwardly facing annular surface for supporting a load, and extending a distance radially inwardly of the cylindrical body from the inclined upper end portion of the downwardly concave curved wall portion to the stiffening collar, the stiffening collar being effective to stiffen the shoulder against deflection due to externally applied loads and extending generally perpendicularly from the shoulder oppositely from the curved wall portion, and the curved wall portion increasing gradually in thickness from a relatively thin portion adjacent the cylindrical body to a relatively thick portion adjacent the load bearing shoulder. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 15. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 14 wherein the stiffening collar extends from the load bearing shoulder a distance substantially equal to the distance the shoulder extends from the curved wall portion. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 16. A preformed manhole enclosure suitable for use underground comprising a one-piece cylindrical body formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and a one-piece dome formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and joined to an end of the cylindrical body, the dome including a downwardly concave generally spherically curved wall portion having a generally vertically extending lower end portion and an upwardly and inwardly inclined upper end portion and having generally parallel inner and outer surfaces of generally spherical curvature, a load bearing shoulder, and an integral stiffening collar defining a manway providing access to the interior of the cylindrical body, the load bearing shoulder circumscribing the collar, presenting a generally planar, normally upwardly facing annular surface for supporting a load, and extending a distance radially inwardly of the cylindrical body from the inclined upper end portion of the downwardly concave curved wall portion to the stiffening collar, and the stiffening collar being effective to stiffen the shoulder against deflection due to externally applied loads and extending generally perpendicularly from the shoulder oppositely from the curved wall portion a distance substantially equal to the distance the shoulder extends from the curved wall portion. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 17. A preformed manhole enclosure suitable for use underground comprising a one-piece cylindrical body formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and a one-piece dome formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and joined to an end of the cylindrical body, the dome including a downwardly concave curved wall portion having a generally vertically extending lower end portion and an upwardly and inwardly inclined upper end portion and having generally parallel inner and outer surfaces of continuous double curvature, a load bearing shoulder, and an integral stiffening collar defining a manway providing access to the interior of the cylindrical body, the load bearing shoulder circumscribing the collar, presenting a generally planar, normally upwardly facing annular surface for supporting a load, and extending radially inwardly of the cylindrical body form the inclined upper end portion of the downwardly concave curved wall portion to the stiffening collar, the stiffening collar being effective to stiffen the shoulder against deflection due to externally applied loads and extending generally perpendicularly from the shoulder oppositely from the curved wall portion a distance substantially equal to the distance the shoulder extends from the curved wall portion, and the curved wall portion extending from the cylindrical body sufficiently to space the load bearing shoulder therefrom a distance greater than half the radius of the cylindrical body and increasing gradually in thickness from a relatively thin portion adjacent the cylindrical body to a relatively thick portion adjacent the load bearing shoulder. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 18. A preformed manhole enclosure suitable for use underground comprising a one-piece cylindrical body formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and a one-piece dome formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and joined to an end of the cylindrical body, the dome including a downwardly concave curved wall portion having a generally vertically extending lower end portion and an upwardly and inwardly inclined upper end portion and having generally parallel inner and outer surfaces of continuous double curvature, a load bearing shoulder, and an integral stiffening collar defining a manway providing access to the interior of the cylindrical body, the load bearing shoulder circumscribing the collar, presenting a generally planar, normally upwardly facing annular surface for supporting a load, and extending radially inwardly of the cylindrical body form the inclined upper end portion of the downwardly concave curved wall portion to the stiffening collar, the stiffening collar being effective to stiffen the shoulder against deflection due to externally applied loads and extending generally perpendicularly from the shoulder oppositely from the curved wall portion, and the curved wall portions extending from the cylindrical body sufficiently to space the load bearing shoulder therefrom a distance greater than half the radius of the cylindrical body. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 19. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 18 wherein the dome and cylindrical body are joined by an endless band of reinforced plastic overlying and bonded to adjacent portions thereof. .Iaddend..Iadd. 20. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 19 wherein the endless band comprises fibers embedded in a matrix of hardened resin. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 21. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 20 wherein some of the glass fibers of the endless band are continuous and extend circumferentially of the dome and cylindrical body and others extend axially of the dome and cylindrical body. .Iaddend..Iadd. 22. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 18 wherein the dome has a radially enlarged lip overlapping the adjacent end of the cylindrical body. .Iaddend..Iadd. 23. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 18 wherein the dome and cylindrical body each comprise a matrix of polyester resin reinforced with randomly dispersed chopped glass strands. .Iaddend..Iadd. 24. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 23 wherein the cylindrical body includes a sand filler in the resin matrix. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 25. A preformed manhole enclosure suitable for use underground comprising a one-piece cylindricl body formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and a one-piece dome formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and joined to an end of the cylindrical body, the dome including a downwardly concave curved wall portion having a generally vertically extending lower end portion and an upwardly and inwardly inclined upper end portion and having generally parallel inner and outer surfaces of continuous double curvature, a load bearing shoulder, and an integral stiffening collar defining a manway providing access to the interior of the cylindrical body, the load bearing shoulder circumscribing the collar, presenting a generally planar, normally upwardly facing annular surface for supporting a load, and extending radially inwardly of the cylindrical body from the inclined upper end portion of the downwardly concave curved wall portion to the stiffening collar, the stiffening collar being effective to stiffen the shoulder against deflection due to externally applied loads and extending generally perpendicularly from the shoulder oppositely from the curved wall portion, and the curved wall portion increasing gradually in thickness from a relatively thin portion adjacent the cylindrical body to a relatively thick portion adjacent the load bearing shoulder. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 26. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 25 wherein the dome and cylindrical body are joined by an endless band of reinforced plastic overlying and bonded to adjacent portions thereof. .Iaddend..Iadd. 27. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 26 wherein the endless band comprises glass fibers embedded in a matrix of hardened resin. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 28. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 27 wherein some of the glass fibers of the endless band are continuous and extend circumferentially of the dome and cylindrical body and others extend axially of the dome and cylindrical body. .Iaddend..Iadd. 29. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 25 wherein the dome has a radially enlarged lip overlapping the adjacent end of the cylindrical body. .Iaddend..Iadd. 30. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 25 wherein the dome and cylindrical body each comprise a matrix of polyester resin reinforced with randomly dispersed chopped glass strands. .Iaddend..Iadd. 31. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 30 wherein the cylindrical body includes a sand filler in the resin matrix. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 32. A preformed manhole enclosure suitable for use underground comprising a one-piece cylindrical body formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and a one-piece dome formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and joined to an end of the cylindrical body, the dome including a downwardly concave curved wall portion, having a generally vertically extending lower end portion and an upwardly and inwardly inclined upper end portion and having generally parallel inner and outer surfaces of continuous double curvature, a load bearing shoulder, and an integral stiffening collar defining a manway providing access to the interior of the cylindrical body, the load bearing shoulder circumscribing the collar, presenting a generally planar, normally upwardly facing annular surface for supporting a load, and extending a distance radially inwardly of the cylindrical body form the inclined upper end portion of the downwardly concave curved wall portion to the stiffening collar, and the stiffening collar being effective to stiffen the shoulder against deflection due to externally applied loads and extending generally perpendicularly from the shoulder oppositely from the curved wall portion a distance substantially equal to the distance the shoulder extends from the curved wall portion. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 33. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 32 wherein the dome and cylindrical body are joined by an endless band of reinforced plastic overlying and bonded to adjacent portions thereof. .Iaddend..Iadd. 34. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 33 wherein the endless band comprises glass fibers embedded in a matrix of hardened resin. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 35. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 34 wherein some of the glass fibers of the endless band are continuous and extend circumferentially of the dome and cylindrical body and others extend axially of the dome and cylindrical body. .Iaddend..Iadd. 36. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 32 wherein the dome has a radially enlarged lip overlapping the adjacent end of the cylindrical body. .Iaddend..Iadd. 37. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 32 wherein the dome and cylindrical body each comprise a matrix of polyester resin reinforced with randonly dispersed chopped glass strands. .Iaddend..Iadd. 38. A manhole enclosure as claimed in claim 37 wherein the cylindrical body includes a sand filler in the resin matrix. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 39. A preformed manhole enclosure suitable for use underground comprising a one-piece cylindrical body formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and a one-piece dome formed of glass fiber reinforced plastic and joined to an end of the cylindrical body, the dome including a downwardly concave generally spherically curved wall portion having a generally vertically extending lower end portion and an upwardly and inwardly inclined upper end portion and having generally parallel inner and outer surfaces of generally spherical curvature, a load bearing shoulder, and an integral stiffening collar defining a manway providing access to the interior of the cylindrical body, the load bearing shoulder circumscribing the collar, presenting a generally planar, normally upwardly facing annular surface for supporting a load, and extending radially inwardly of the cylindrical body from the inclined upper end portion of the downwardly concave curve wall portion to the stiffening collar, and the stiffening collar being effective to stiffen the shoulder against deflection due to externally applied loads and extending generally perpendicularly from the shoulder oppositely form the curved wall portion. .Iaddend.