Graphic symbol generator

Abstract

Apparatus for generating graphic symbols on a cathode-ray tube employs a beam control system which starts each of a plurality of parallel strokes required for each symbol at the bottom, using a programmed offset for symbols which extend below a baseline, and to otherwise move a symbol in the X and Y axes from a position routinely specified as spaced symbols are displayed in a line. The slope of the strokes for a symbol is controlled for italicizing the symbols by programming the relative magnitudes and signs of inputs to X and Y integrators which generate ramp signals added to symbol positioning signals. The beam is turned on and off during each stroke in response to a programmed and clocked bit stream of coded digital signals. The size of a symbol is controlled by programming the clock rate for the beam on-off control and the magnitudes of the inputs to the X and Y integrators.

What is claimed is: .[.1. In apparatus for displaying graphic symbols on an imaginary line on the face of a cathode-ray tube and employing a beam control system, an improvement comprising means operative on said beam control system for starting each of a plurality of parallel strokes required for each symbol on said line, and means operative on said starting means for programming an offset below said imaginary line along which spaced symbols are displayed in sequence for each stroke of a symbol in order to accommodate symbols which extend below said imaginary line..]. 
     
        . In a graphic symbol generator for use with a data processing system employing a cathode-ray tube display and using two digitally controlled analog integrators, one for each of two orthogonal X and Y axes of said cathode-ray tube display to generate spaced parallel strokes, where inputs to said integrators are from separate digital-to-analog converters connected to separate registers, an improvement comprising means for programming the rates and polarities of change in the outputs of the integrators in the form of digitally coded numbers loaded into said registers by a stored program in said data processing system to provide programmed X and Y beam deflection rates which cooperate to generate strokes at an angle between 0° and 90° with respect to said axes as required in response to the ratio of one of said numbers to the 
     
     
        other. 3. The improvement of claim 2 wherein the magnitudes of said numbers for a symbol may be changed under programmed control when the 
     
     
        symbol size is to be changed. 4. In a programmed digital data processing system having means for generating spaced graphic symbols on a line across the face of a cathode-ray tube, said means employing X and Y deflection systems for producing spaced parallel strokes of an electron beam, said strokes beginning on a line common to all symbols as a baseline, the first of said strokes starting at a designated point specified on a coordinate system having orthogonal X and Y axes, where said X and Y deflection systems cooperate to place said beam on any point on the face of said cathode-ray tube in response to X p  and Y p  signals, said graphic symbol generating means having means for turning said beam on and off as required by counting units of stroke length from said baseline to determine the on and off points of stroke elements which make up the symbol, the improvement of means for starting each stroke from said baseline at the bottom of each symbol, means for terminating each stroke at the turn-off point of the last of one or more elements, and means for programming an offset of said starting point in a direction normal to said baseline according to the needs of each symbol, thereby accommodating symbols which extend below said line common to all symbols and providing 
     
     
        for placement of any symbol above or below said line. 5. The improvement of claim 4 including means for programming an offset of said starting point in a direction parallel to said baseline for the first stroke of any 
     
     
        symbol. 6. The improvement of claim 5 in said graphic symbol generating means in which said means for turning said beam on and off while generating a symbol is comprised of a stream of stored digital signals arranged in coded fields read and decoded as said strokes are generated, wherein said means for programming said offset comprises a field of digits programmed at the head of said programmed stream of digits for the symbol, said field specifying the magnitude and direction of offset along one of said orthogonal axes, a register for storing said offset field, and means for effectively adding or subtracting said magnitude according to said direction from a predetermined one of said X p  and Y p  signals. 
     
     
           The improvement of claim 6 wherein said means for programming said offset comprises a second field of digits programmed next to the first field of offset digits, said second offset field specifying the magnitude and direction of offset along the other one of said orthogonal axes, a register for storing said second offset field, and means for effectively adding or subtracting said magnitude of said second offset field according to the direction specified in said second offset field from the other one 
     
     
        of said X p  and Y p  signals. 8. The improvement of claim 4 wherein said means for generating spaced parallel strokes of said electron beam comprises separate means for generating stroke signals X s  and Y s , and means for adding said stroke signals X s  and Y s  to respective point-designating signals X p  and Y p , each of said stroke-signal generating means being comprised of an integrator, a digital-to-analog converter for converting digital signals representing a positive or negative number to a voltage proportional in amplitude to said number with a polarity corresponding to the sign of said number, means for connecting the output voltage of said converter to said integrator to generate a ramp signal at the output of said integrator with a slope proportional to the magnitude of said number, said ramp signal having a polarity controlled by the polarity of said output voltage of said converter, a register connected to said converter for storing said digital signals representing a number to be converted, and means for entering into 
     
     
        said register said digital signals. 9. The improvement of claim 8, wherein said units of stroke length are counted by counting clock pulses produced at a specified rate while said stroke signals are generated, and said specified clock pulse rate is programmed to control the length of each unit, thus controlling the height of said symbol, thereby programmed control of the slope of said stroke signals cooperates with said programmed control of unit length in controlling the size of the graphic 
     
     
        symbol generated. 10. The improvement of claim 9 wherein said parallel strokes are spaced by means for adding programmed values to X and Y coordinates of said starting points at the end of each stroke, and wherein the width of said symbol is controlled by programming said values to be 
     
     
        added to said X and Y coordinates. 11. The improvement of claim 10 including means for controlling the number of times said stroke spacing values are to be added or subtracted to said X and Y coordinates before the first stroke of said symbol, and the number of times said stroke spacing values are to be added or subtracted to said X and Y coordinates after the last stroke to affect the side bearing of said symbol relative 
     
     
        to symbols on the same line before and after said symbol. 12. In a programmed digital data processing system having means for generating spaced graphic symbols on a line across the face of a cathode-ray tube, said means employing X and Y deflection systems for producing spaced parallel strokes of an electron beam, said strokes beginning on a line common to all symbols as a baseline, the first of said strokes starting at a designated point specified on a coordinate system having orthogonal X and Y axes, where said X and Y deflection systems cooperate to place said beam on any point on the face of said cathode-ray tube in response to X p  and Y p  signals, said graphic symbol generating means having means for turning said beam on and off as required by counting units of stroke length from said baseline to determine the on and off points of stroke elements which make up the symbol, the improvement of means for starting each stroke from said baseline at the bottom of each symbol, means for terminating each stroke at the turn-off point of the last of one or more elements, means for generating said strokes, means for adding programmed values to at least one of said X and Y coordinates of said starting points at the end of each stroke; and means for programming said values to be added to said X and Y coordinates, whereby width of said 
     
     
        symbol is controlled. 13. The improvement of claim 12 including means for controlling the number of times said stroke spacing values are to be added or subtracted to said X and Y coordinates before the first stroke of said symbol, and the number of times said stroke spacing values are to be added or subtracted to said X and Y coordinates after the last stroke to affect the side bearing of said symbol relative to symbols on the same line 
     
     
        before and after said symbol. 14. In apparatus for displaying graphic symbols on an imaginary line using a cathode-ray tube and employing a beam control system, means operative on said beam control system for starting at specified points each of a plurality of parallel strokes required for each symbol on said line, means operative on said starting means for programming an offset of said points below said imaginary line along which spaced symbols are displayed in sequence in order to specify starting points for strokes of symbols which extend below said imaginary line, and means operative on said starting means for programming an offset of said points in a direction parallel to said imaginary line from an offset position otherwise specified for italicized symbols that extend below said 
     
     
        line as said line of spaced symbols is displayed. 15. Apparatus as defined in claim 14 wherein the slope of the strokes for a symbol is controlled for italicizing symbols by programming the relative magnitudes and signs of inputs to separate integrators which generate ramp signals added to signals for positioning starting points of strokes for a symbol, where said ramp signals are generated for beam control along orthogonal X and Y axes, said beam positioning signals are for position control along said X and Y axes, and said ramp signals for said X and Y axes are added to beam 
     
     
        positioning signals along respective X and Y axes. 16. Apparatus as defined in claim 15 wherein said beam is turned on and off during each stroke in response to a programmed stream of coded digital signals, and the size of a symbol is controlled by both programming a clock rate for said beam on-off control and programming the magnitudes of inputs to said integrators. .Iadd. 17. Apparatus employing a cathode ray tube for displaying lines of graphic symbols by displaying parallel line segments using the electron beam of the cathode ray tube having deflection circuits connected to a data processing system which stores in digital form control data for generation of symbols to be displayed on a baseline, including data which defines the starting point of said baseline for said line of graphic symbols in a fixed Cartesian coordinate system, comprising analog deflection control means responsive to digital signals for producing analog deflection control signals X p  and Y p  for said beam in said Cartesian coordinate system,   X and Y registers for storing digital values for said analog deflection control means, said digital values being provided as a line starting point by said data processing system for each line of symbols,   a pair of digital means for adding and subtracting deflection control values to the contents of said respective X and Y registers,   means responsive to data from said data processing system for generating stroke signals X s  and Y s  applied to said respective X and Y deflection control means for each successive stroke,   means responsive to data from said data processing system for generating a video control signal to blank and unblank said cathode ray beam during each stroke to produce said parallel line segments,   a plurality of spacing registers associated in pairs, one of each pair for a different axis of said Cartesian coordinate system for storing line segment spacing data, a first pair for storing stroke spacing data, a second pair for storing symbol spacing data and a third set for storing baseline offset data for each stroke of each symbol, said offset data providing not only stroke offset in a direction normal to said baseline for symbols that extend below said baseline, but also stroke offset in a direction parallel to said baseline for symbols that are slanted with respect to said baseline, all of said paired registers being conneced to said pair of digital means for adding and subtracting deflection control values,   means responsive to control of said data processing system for updating the contents of said X and Y registers and said paired spacing registers, and   means responsive to control of said data processing system for adding the contents of respective ones of a pair of spacing data registers to said X and Y registers during the course of displaying a line of symbols by generating on the face of said cathode ray tube a sequence of symbols with respect to an imaginary line coincident with said baseline and anywhere on said face with any orientation in respect to said fixed Cartesian coordinate system.