Composite wall element for thermal and acoustic insulation

Abstract

The composite wall element of this invention comprises an insulating wall element arranged within or inserted into an outer, pressure resistant, preferably load bearing wall element which completely encloses the former. Within the inner insulating wall element and/or the cavity within the outer wall element a substantially dry gas atmosphere and preferably air atmosphere is established and maintained under subatmospheric, atmospheric, or superatmospheric pressure. Such novel composite wall elements are superior in their thermal and/or acoustic insulation properties to heretofore known structural elements.

I claim: 
     
       1. In a composite wall element for thermal and acoustic insulation of walls, ceilings, floors and the like, comprising: a. an outer wall element, said outer wall element being pressure resistant and imparting to the composite wall element the requisite structural strength and integrity,   b. an inner insulating wall element positioned within and enclosed by said outer wall element, said inner insulating wall element including 1. an outer continuous covering fitting tightly within said outer wall element, said covering being provided on its inner surface with means for vapor-tight sealing said covering,   2. first spacer means lining the interior of said covering and said sealing means to impart the desired shape and rigidity to said covering, the inwardly facing surfaces of said spacing means being provided with reflecting means which reflect toward the inner cavity formed by said spacer means,   3. a reflective foil positioned within said cavity and space from said reflecting means,     
     
     
       4. a plurality of spaced, second spacer means positioned on either side of said reflective foil and extending between said foil and said reflecting means, said second spacer means forming radiation chambers, and c. passage means communicating the interior of said composite element with the exterior thereof whereby a supply of air may be admitted to and exhausted from said radiation chambers.   
     
     
       2. The composite wall element of claim 1, further including means for delivering to said inner insulating wall element dry air under superatmospheric pressure. 
     
     
       3. The composite wall element of claim 1, further including means for maintaining in said inner insulating wall element dry air under subatmospheric pressure. 
     
     
       4. The composite wall element of claim 1, in which said outer wall element is a concrete wall element, and said covering is of plastic material. 
     
     
       5. The composite wall element of claim 4, in which the plastic material is a material having admixed thereto metallic material. 
     
     
       6. The composite wall element of claim 1, wherein said covering is of plastic material and said means for vapor-tight sealing said covering comprises a metallic reflective surface coating. 
     
     
       7. The composite wall element of claim 1, wherein said covering is of plastic material and said means for vapor-tight sealing said covering comprises a metallic reflective foil. 
     
     
       8. The composite wall element of claim 1, in which said covering is produced by immersing said inner wall element into liquid plastic material. 
     
     
       9. The composite wall element of claim 8, in which said liquid plastic material has admixed thereto reflective metal particles. 
     
     
       10. The composite wall element of claim 1, wherein said first spacing means are perforated to permit circulation of air therethrough. 
     
     
       11. The composite wall element of claim 1, in which the composite wall element is additionally provided with inlet and outlet pipes and corresponding valves, said pipes being inset into the walls of said outer wall element and said inner insulating wall element to introduce and replace the atmosphere within said inner insulating wall element. 
     
     
       12. The composite wall element of claim 1, further including anchoring means connecting opposed walls of the outer wall element and extending through the composite wall element, said anchoring means extending air-tightly through the inner insulating wall element and the opposed parts of the outer wall element so as to increase the load-bearing capacity of the composite wall element. 
     
     
       13. The composite wall element of claim 1, in which said reflecting means are reflective foils applied to the inner surface of said first spacer means. 
     
     
       14. The composite wall element of claim 1, further including means containing a hygroscopic agent positioned in said inner insulating wall element above said radiation chambers to insure dryness of the atmosphere therein or circulated therethrough. .Iadd. 15. A composite wall element for thermal and acoustic insulation of walls, ceilings, floors and the like, comprising: a. outer wall elements, said outer wall elements being pressure resistant and imparting to the composite wall element the requisite structural strength and integrity,   b. an inner insulating wall element positioned within and enclosed by said outer wall elements, said inner insulating wall element including spacer means positioned in said inner insulating wall element to impart thereto the desired shape and rigidity, and anchoring means connecting opposed walls of the outer wall elements and extending through the inner insulating wall element, said anchoring means extending air-tightly through the inner insulating wall element and the opposed parts of the outer wall elements so as to increase the load-bearing capacity of the composite wall element, said anchoring means comprising a first anchor part having a threaded end portion and a second anchor part having a mating threaded opening for receiving said end portion of said first anchor part, and a disc mounted on each anchor part, with the spacing of said discs, one from the other, when the anchor parts are interconnected being such as to receive said inner insulating wall element therebetween, with the threaded engagement of said parts being such as to permit axial adjustment of said parts and thus the distance between said discs. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 16. The composite wall element of claim 15 wherein the outer end of each anchor part is enlarged to enhance the mounting of said parts in said outer wall elements. .Iaddend.