Sampling threshold detector for direct monitoring of RF signals

Abstract

The peak level of a high frequency analog signal in an RF receiver is detected by a system which samples the signal and compares it against a static threshold, generating an above/below status. The system is implemented with a sampler of sufficient aperture bandwidth to capture the signal in question, operated at a clock frequency, dynamically chosen as a function of f LO (local oscillator frequency) and the desired f IF (intermediate frequency), to minimize in-band intermodulation products. The sampler produces kickback intermodulation products that are positioned out-of-band, or are of low enough power in-band so as to be inconsequential. Samples are taken for a statistically significant period of time, and the status is used to adapt the threshold to systematically determine the peak amplitude of the signal being observed.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A sampling threshold detector for monitoring a band to detect when a threshold is exceeded by a radio frequency (RF) signal, the sampling threshold detector comprising:
 a clocked sampler configured to sample the RF signal at a sampling clock frequency (f SAMP ) based on a local oscillator frequency (f LO ) and to position kickback intermodulation products that are produced by operation of the sampler such that when the RF signal is mixed down to the baseband intermediate frequency (f IF ) the intermodulation products are out-of-band; 
 a passive attenuator configured to receive the RF signal, the passive attenuator allowing the detector to monitor higher voltages to provide a reverse path attenuation of noise generated by the clocked sampler; and a continuous time pre-amplifier configured to receive the output of the passive attenuator and to subtract a static programmable threshold voltage therefrom and to provide the resulting signal to the clocked sampler as the RF signal to be sampled. 
 
     
     
       2. The sampling threshold detector of  claim 1  wherein the clocked sampler is a single high bandwidth sampler. 
     
     
       3. The sampling threshold detector of  claim 1  wherein the sampling clock frequency (f SAMP ) is determined based on the local oscillator frequency (f LO ) and the baseband intermediate frequency (f IF ). 
     
     
       4. The sampling threshold detector of  claim 3  wherein the sampling clock frequency f SAMP  is determined according to f SAMP =f LO +N*f IF , where N is an integer that results in a positive sampling frequency within an acceptable operating range of the clocked sampler. 
     
     
       5. The sampling threshold detector of  claim 1  further comprising a machine readable memory storing a set of candidate sampling clock frequency values from which the sampling clock frequency for the clocked sampler is selected. 
     
     
       6. The sampling threshold detector of  claim 1  further comprising:
 a filter provided before the continuous time pre-amplifier and configured to capture the peak of the RF signal within a particular frequency band. 
 
     
     
       7. The sampling threshold detector of  claim 1  wherein the sampler comprises a single high bandwidth clocked sampler directly attached to the RF signal, enabling direct monitoring of the RF signal. 
     
     
       8. The sampling threshold detector of  claim 1  wherein the clocked sampler provides a digitized output having a digital output value, the digital output value being based on whether or not the RF signal exceeds the threshold. 
     
     
       9. A method of sampling threshold detection comprising:
 monitoring a radio frequency (RF) signal using a single high bandwidth clocked sampler; 
 selecting a sampling clock frequency (f SAMP ) based on a local oscillator frequency; 
 operating the single high bandwidth clocked sampler at the selected sampling clock frequency (f SAMP ) to position kickback intermodulation products that are produced by operation of the clocked sampler such that when the RF signal is mixed down to the baseband intermediate frequency (f IF ) the intermodulation products are out-of-band; and 
 receiving the RF signal to monitor higher voltages to provide a reverse path attenuation of noise generated by the single high bandwidth clocked sampler; and subtracting a static programmable threshold voltage to provide the resulting signal to the single high bandwidth clocked sampler as the RF signal to be sampled. 
 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 9  further comprising:
 pre-calculating intermodulation products for each signal to be received; and 
 selecting the sampling clock frequency additionally based on the pre-calculated intermodulation products. 
 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 9  further comprising:
 calculating at run-time intermodulation products for each signal to be received; and 
 selecting the sampling clock frequency additionally based on the intermodulation products calculated at run-time. 
 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 9  wherein the final folded results of the kickback intermodulation products are positioned out of band, or are of low enough power in-band so as to be inconsequential. 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 9  wherein the sampling clock frequency (f SAMP ) is determined based on the local oscillator frequency (f LO ) and the baseband intermediate frequency (f IF ). 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 13  wherein the sampling clock frequency f SAMP  is determined according to f SAMP =f LO +N*f IF , where N is an integer that results in a positive sampling frequency within an acceptable operating range of the single high bandwidth clocked sampler. 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 9  further comprising storing a set of candidate sampling clock frequency values from which the sampling clock frequency for the single high bandwidth clocked sampler is selected. 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 9  further comprising:
 capturing the peak of the RF signal within a particular frequency band. 
 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 9  further comprising directly monitoring the RF signal by sampling the RF signal using the single high bandwidth clocked sampler directly attached to the RF signal. 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 9  wherein the single high bandwidth clocked sampler provides a digitized output having a digital output value, the digital output value being based on whether or not the RF signal exceeds the threshold.