Peer to peer surveillance architecture

Abstract

A peer to peer surveillance architecture comprising a plurality of independent nodes for capturing, analyzing, storing, and viewing surveillance information is disclosed. The surveillance architecture has no central controller or single point of failure because of the peer to peer or independent relationship between its nodes. Generally, surveillance information of various types is captured by one or more capture nodes and transmitted to or one or more viewing, content storage, or server nodes for display, analysis, storage, or a combination thereof. Server nodes may provide authentication services to validate user or device credentials prior to granting access to surveillance information. In one or more embodiments, specialized video compression hardware is provided to allow high quality video surveillance information to be transmitted across low bandwidth connections. Compression may also be performed on other types of surveillance information.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A peer to peer surveillance architecture comprising:
 a plurality of independently accessible peer to peer nodes that have no single point of failure and that each communicate surveillance information, the plurality of peer to peer nodes comprising:
 multiple capture nodes that each have one or more video cameras configured to capture surveillance information, and one or more transceivers configured to transmit the surveillance information; 
 a viewing node having a transceiver to receive surveillance information transmitted from the multiple capture nodes, and at least one screen configured to present the surveillance information; and 
 an authentication service configured to receive access credentials from the viewing node, and to generate and subsequently transmit an authentication key to the viewing node after successfully verifying the access credentials received from the viewing node; 
 
 wherein the multiple capture nodes are each configured to directly transmit the surveillance information to the viewing node, wherein the surveillance information is directly transmitted to the viewing node without being transmitted via a central server node and without being transmitted via any other of the peer to peer nodes; 
 wherein the multiple capture nodes are each further configured to transmit surveillance information to other capture nodes; 
 wherein the viewing node is configured to transmit the authentication key to any of the one or more capture nodes, and the one or more capture nodes are configured to communicate the surveillance information to the viewing node after receiving the authentication key from the viewing node; and 
 wherein at least some of the multiple capture nodes are hybrid nodes that each include a non-volatile storage device and that are each configured to:
 receive surveillance information from other capture nodes; and 
 persistently record the received surveillance information on the storage device; 
 
 wherein the multiple capture nodes are configured to directly transmit surveillance information to the hybrid nodes for storage, wherein the surveillance information is directly transmitted to the hybrid node without being transmitted via a central server node and without being transmitted via any other of the peer to peer nodes. 
 
     
     
       2. The surveillance architecture of  claim 1  wherein the plurality of peer to peer nodes further comprise at least one content storage node having a storage device for storing at least some of the surveillance information, wherein the at least one content storage node is configured to receive an authentication key from the viewing node, and communicate the at least some of the surveillance information to the viewing node after receiving the authentication key from the viewing node. 
     
     
       3. The surveillance architecture of  claim 1  wherein one or more of the multiple capture nodes is configured to analyze surveillance information to detect one or more events and transmit one or more notifications if the one or more events is detected. 
     
     
       4. The surveillance architecture of  claim 1  wherein the surveillance information is communicated by multicast between one or more of the plurality of peer to peer nodes through a virtual matrix switch, wherein the surveillance information is transmitted to a particular multicast address different than the IP addresses of the plurality of peer to peer nodes. 
     
     
       5. The surveillance architecture of  claim 1  wherein the plurality of peer to peer nodes are configured to transmit the surveillance information through one or more communication links in a plurality of streams, whereby a first stream of surveillance information consisting of video is transmitted via UDP multicast while one or more second streams of surveillance information are transmitted via TCP/IP unicast. 
     
     
       6. The surveillance architecture of  claim 1  wherein surveillance information is compressed by one or more of the multiple capture nodes. 
     
     
       7. A method of collecting surveillance information by a peer to peer surveillance architecture, the method comprising:
 providing a plurality of independently accessible peer to peer nodes that have no single point of failure and that comprise one or more viewing nodes and a plurality of capture nodes, by arranging the plurality of capture nodes to collect and communicate surveillance information from at least one target area, each of the plurality of capture nodes comprising:
 one or more processors, 
 a memory, 
 one or more transceivers; and 
 one or more video cameras; 
 
 collecting the surveillance information through the one or more video cameras; 
 receiving access credentials from one or more viewing nodes at one of the peer to peer nodes; 
 verifying the access credentials and generating one or more authentication keys at one of the peer to peer nodes; 
 transmitting the one or more authentication keys from one of the peer to peer nodes to one or more viewing nodes; 
 receiving the one or more authentication keys at the one or more viewing nodes; 
 transmitting the one or more authentication keys from the one or more viewing nodes to the plurality of capture nodes; and 
 in response to receiving the one or more authentication keys at the plurality of capture nodes, transmitting the surveillance information from each of the plurality of capture nodes to the one or more viewing nodes, 
 wherein the plurality of capture nodes are each further configured to directly transmit surveillance information to other capture nodes, wherein the surveillance information is directly transmitted to the other capture nodes without being transmitted via a central server node and without being transmitted via any other of the peer to peer nodes, 
 wherein at least one of the plurality of capture nodes is a hybrid node that is configured to persistently record, on a non-volatile storage device, surveillance information received from other capture nodes, and 
 wherein the capture nodes are configured to directly transmit surveillance information to the hybrid node for storage, wherein the surveillance information is directly transmitted to the hybrid node without being transmitted via a central server node and without being transmitted via any other of the peer to peer nodes. 
 
     
     
       8. The method of collecting surveillance information of  claim 7  wherein arranging the plurality of capture nodes further comprises configuring one or more of the one or more transceivers to communicate through at least two independent communication links. 
     
     
       9. The method of collecting surveillance information of  claim 7  wherein arranging the plurality of capture nodes further comprises deploying at least two of the plurality of peer to peer nodes to collect surveillance information from the same target area. 
     
     
       10. The method of collecting surveillance information of  claim 7  further comprising analyzing the one or more types of surveillance information by detecting one or more events and communicating one or more notifications if the one or more events is detected. 
     
     
       11. The method of collecting surveillance information of  claim 7  wherein each of the plurality of capture nodes is housed within an enclosure, and wherein one or more of the plurality of capture nodes further comprises one or more portable power sources secured within the enclosure of the one or more of the plurality of capture nodes. 
     
     
       12. A peer to peer surveillance system comprising:
 a plurality of independently accessible peer to peer nodes that have no single point of failure and that each communicate surveillance information, the peer to peer nodes comprising:
 a plurality of capture nodes that each communicate surveillance information without depending on any other of the peer to peer nodes, each of the plurality of capture nodes comprising a video camera configured to capture surveillance information, the plurality of capture nodes configured to receive and verify one or more authentication keys, and to allow access to the surveillance information after receipt of a valid authentication key; and 
 an authentication service configured to generate one or more valid authentication keys and to transmit at least one of the one or more valid authentication keys only to one or more authorized nodes after receiving the access credentials from the one or more authorized nodes, the one or more authorized nodes being those that have access credentials matching predefined access credentials; 
 
 wherein the plurality of capture nodes are configured to receive a plurality of authentication keys, and to transmit the surveillance information only to the one or more authorized nodes after receiving the one or more valid authentication keys from the one or more authorized nodes; and 
 wherein the plurality of capture nodes are each configured to directly transmit the surveillance information to a viewing node, wherein the surveillance information is directly transmitted to the viewing node without being transmitted via a central server node and without being transmitted via any other of the peer to peer nodes; 
 wherein the plurality of capture nodes are each further configured to transmit surveillance information to other capture nodes, 
 wherein the peer to peer nodes are configured to agree, during a handshake communication, on a compression algorithm and to utilize the agreed-upon compression algorithm when communicating with one another. 
 
     
     
       13. The peer to peer surveillance system of  claim 12  wherein the one or more authorized nodes are viewing nodes. 
     
     
       14. The peer to peer surveillance system of  claim 12 , wherein the one or more authorized nodes are viewing nodes comprising a display for presenting the surveillance information and one or more inputs for receiving the access credentials from a user. 
     
     
       15. The peer to peer surveillance system of  claim 12 , wherein the plurality of capture nodes each further comprise a storage device configured to store the surveillance information, wherein the surveillance information transmitted to the one or more authorized nodes is first retrieved from the storage device. 
     
     
       16. The peer to peer surveillance system of  claim 12  further comprising:
 a storage node comprising a storage device for storing surveillance information, the storage node having at least one of the one or more valid authentication keys generated by the authentication service; 
 wherein the plurality of capture nodes are configured to transmit at least some of the surveillance information to the storage node after receipt of the storage node's at least one valid authentication key. 
 
     
     
       17. The peer to peer surveillance system of  claim 16 , wherein the storage node is configured to receive and verify one or more authentication keys, and to transmit the surveillance information to the one or more authorized nodes after receipt of at least one valid authentication key from the one or more authorized nodes. 
     
     
       18. The peer to peer surveillance system of  claim 12 , wherein the plurality of capture nodes are configured to transmit a first stream of surveillance information via UDP multicast and a second stream of surveillance information via TCP/IP unicast. 
     
     
       19. The peer to peer surveillance system of  claim 12 , wherein at least one of the plurality of capture nodes comprise a cellular or satellite transceiver to wirelessly transmit the surveillance information transmitted via the cellular or satellite transceiver. 
     
     
       20. The peer to peer surveillance system of  claim 12 , wherein at least two of the plurality of capture nodes are at geographically remote locations. 
     
     
       21. The peer to peer surveillance system of  claim 12 , wherein at least one of the plurality of capture nodes comprises a pan, tilt, and zoom camera that is controlled via the one or more authorized nodes. 
     
     
       22. The peer to peer surveillance system of  claim 12 , wherein at least one of the plurality of capture nodes comprises a speaker configured to emit audible alerts. 
     
     
       23. The peer to peer surveillance architecture of  claim 1 , wherein each of the multiple capture nodes communicates via multiple communication links, such that failure or damage to one of the multiple communication links does not cause the surveillance architecture to function at less than full capacity. 
     
     
       24. The peer to peer surveillance architecture of  claim 1 , wherein each of the capture nodes is housed in an enclosure that includes the capture device and the transceiver, wherein the enclosure is mounted on a corresponding support structure. 
     
     
       25. The peer to peer surveillance architecture of  claim 1 , wherein the authentication service is provided by the viewing node. 
     
     
       26. The peer to peer surveillance architecture of  claim 1 , wherein the viewing node further provides analysis services.