Method for building walls with muddled clay, or stabilized earth, projecting machine adapted to its implementation, and wall thus obtained

Abstract

Process for manufacturing walls from earth and sand mortars includes making a mortar mixture containing a dry aggregate mass of between 15 and 50% by mass of earth and between 85% to 50% by mass of sand, bonding materials in a mass of at most 10% of the dry aggregate mass, and water in a mass of at most 22% of the total dry mass of earth, sand and bonding materials, stirring the mixture continuously and transferring while stirring the mixture by force into an inlet of a pump, and pumping the mixture from the pump and projecting the mixture within a framework against a vertical projection support and allowing the mixture to set.

I claim: 
     
       1. An earth and sand mortar wall comprising between 15 to 50% of earth and 85 to 50% of sand, and less than 10% bonding materials relative to the earth and sand, the wall including a caisson comprising a framework at least partially surrounding the wall and provided, at least on one of its surfaces, with a netting embedded in the wall. 
     
     
       2. A wall as claimed in claim 1 comprising between 15 to 35% of earth and 85 to 65% of sand, and 7.5% of bonding materials relative to the earth and sand. 
     
     
       3. A process for manufacturing walls from earth and sand mortars comprising: making a mortar mixture containing a dry aggregate mass containing between 15 to 50% by mass of earth and between 85% to 50% by mass of sand, bonding materials in a mass of at most 10% of the dry aggregate mass, and water in a mass of at most 22% of the total dry mass of earth, sand and bonding materials;   stirring the mixture continuously and transferring the mixture while stirring by force into an inlet of a pump;   pumping the mixture and projecting the mixture within a framework against a vertical projection support and letting the mixture set.   
     
     
       4. A process according to claim 1, wherein the projection support is a removable wall which, after setting of the mixture, is removed from the mixture set within the framework. 
     
     
       5. A process according to claim 1, wherein the water mass is about 20% of the total dry mass and the mass of bonding materials is about 7.5% of the dry aggregate mass. 
     
     
       6. A process according to claim 1, wherein the mixture contains between 15 to 35% of earth and 85 to 65% of sand. 
     
     
       7. A process according to claim 5, wherein the mixture contains between 15 to 35% of earth and 85 to 65% of sand. 
     
     
       8. A mortar projection machine comprising: a supply tank, a supply impeller at a base of the tank, with an impeller axis and an impeller sweep zone, a pump arranged as an extension of the impeller, and a projection nozzle attached to the pump by a flexible pipe; there being arranged in the tank at least two contrarotating mixers on rotational axes (9) which are parallel to the impeller axis and which have overlapping sweep zones adjacent the impeller sweep zone, the tank having a casing closely enclosing, at least below a level of the rotational axes of the mixers, sweep zones of the mixers and the adjacent impeller sweep zone. 
     
     
       9. A machine according to claim 8, wherein the casing closely encloses about two-thirds of the impeller sweep zone. 
     
     
       10. A machine according to claim 8, further comprising means forming a chamber and feed passage provided between the supply tank and the pump. 
     
     
       11. A machine according to claim 10, wherein at least one access door is arranged on the means forming the chamber and feed passage. 
     
     
       12. A machine according to claim 8, wherein the nozzle comprises a peripheral injection crown (29-29B) for injection of jets of compressed air concentrically into a rocket venture shaped expansion chamber (27) of the nozzle, the expansion chamber having an exit orifice controlled by a movable mouthpiece movable along a hollow central body secured at an end of the pipe. 
     
     
       13. A machine according to claim 10, wherein the nozzle comprises a peripheral injection crown (29-29B) for injection of jets of compressed air concentrically into a rocket venture shaped expansion chamber (27) of the nozzle, the expansion chamber having an exit orifice controlled by a movable mouthpiece movable along a hollow central body secured at an end of the pipe. 
     
     
       14. A process for projecting an earth and sand mortar comprising the steps of: making successive batches of a mortar mixture containing a dry aggregate mass containing between 15 to 50% by mass of earth and between 85% to 50% by mass of sand, bonding materials in a mass of at 10% of the dry mass of earth and sand, and water in a mass of at most 22% of the total dry mass of earth, sand and bonding materials;   stirring the mixture continuously and transferring the mixture while stirring by force into an inlet of a pump;   pumping and projecting the mixture.   
     
     
       15. A mortar projection machine for projecting a sand and earth mixture including water in a mass of at most 22% of a dry mass of mortar materials, comprising: a stirring tank;   a tiltable mixing casing containing a mixer for mixing said water and mortar materials, said tiltable mixing casing being connected to said stirring tank by a pivotal connection allowing said tiltable mixing casing to pivot between a mixing position for the mixing of successive batches containing said water and said mortar materials and a discharge position for discharging said successive batches within said stirring tank;   at least two contrarotating stirring arms in said stirring tank for continuously stirring said mixture of said successive batches, said stirring arms being mounted on horizontal parallel axes, and having overlapping sweep zones;   a supply impeller at a lower portion of said stirring tank, having an horizontal axes parallel to said parallel axes of said stirring arms, and having a sweep zone adjacent said overlapping sweep zones;   said tank having a casing closely enclosing, at least below a level of said horizontal axes of said stirring arms, said sweep zone of said stirring arms and of said impeller;   a pump arranged as an extension of said impeller;   means forming a chamber and feed passage between said stirring tank and said pump; and   a projection nozzle attached to said pump by a flexible pipe.