Wind motors and aerogenerators

Abstract

An aerogenerator or wind motor comprises a variable pitch propeller rotor. It comprises compensation means (13) which are sensitive to the deceleration of the rotor to automatically exert on each blade (3), in case of deceleration of the rotor, a force which is substantially equal and opposed to the perturbating force generated by the kinetic energy of the rear or unbalanced mass of the blade.

I claim: 
     
       1. Aerogenerator or wind-powered engine comprising a rotor with variable-pitch propeller, wherein the blades (3) are mounted to pivot about their respective axes (4), whilst being dynamically out-of-balance and consequently presenting an out-of-balance or disturbing rear mass (M), wherein it comprises compensating means sensitive to the deceleration of the rotor in order automatically to exert on each blade, in the event of deceleration of the rotor, a force substantially equal to and opposing the disturbing force created by the kinetic energy of the rear or out-of-balance mass of the blade. 
     
     
       2. Aerogenerator or wind-powered engine according to claim 1 wherein the compensating means are constituted by a mass (m) placed on the front of the profile of each blade (3) opposite the disturbing mass (M). 
     
     
       3. Aerogenerator or wind-powered engine according to claim 2, in which the rotor comprises a regulation device comprising a coaxial regulation plate (6) or any other like device able to undergo a determined angular clearance with respect to the rotor, transmission means (7-12) for transmitting the pivoting movement of the blades (3) about their axes (4) to said regulation plate (6) and elastic return members (5) disposed between the frame (1) of the rotor and the regulation plate (6) in order to maintain the blades (3) in the desired angular position, about their respective axes, when the rotor rotates at its nominal speed, the connection between the blades (3) and the plate (6) being such that the slowing down of the plate with respect to the rotor brings about an increase in the pitch of the blades going as far as feathering and on the contrary an acceleration of the plate brings about a decrease in the pitch, wherein the compensating means are constituted by a ring (13) fast with the regulation plate (6) and forming an inertia flywheel. 
     
     
       4. Aerogenerator or wind-powered engine according to claim 3 wherein the compensating means are constituted, when the elastic return members of the blades are constituted by hydraulic or pneumatic devices (14), by means (15, 16) acting on the flowrate and supply pressure of said hydraulic or pneumatic devices, so as to compensate the disturbing force created by the out-of-balance rear mass. 
     
     
       5. Aerogenerator or wind-powered engine according to clalim 4, wherein it comprises an elastic stop (18) placed between a mobile point of the regulation device and a point of the armature of the rotor, so that the elastic stop (19), having limited stroke, exerts an effort (E) on the regulation device, opposing the effort (F) exerted by the elastic return members (5) on the regulation plate (6), with sensitive effect when the speed of rotation of the rotor becomes close to and slightly less than the nominal speed of rotation. 
     
     
       6. Aerogenerator according to claim 5 wherein the elastic stop (18) is borne by the regulation plate (6) and it cooperates with a finger (19) fast with the hub (2) of the rotor. 
     
     
       7. Aerogenerator according to claim 5 wherein the elastic stop is borne by the frame (1) of the rotor. 
     
     
       8. Aerogenerator according to claim 1, wherein it comprises a linear induction motor (20) comprising a fixed inductor (21) and a disc (22) or inertia ring (13) fast with the regulation plate (6) and a device (26) for controlling the electrical supply of this linear induction motor (20), which is controlled by differential effect between the period of the alternating electric current (A) produced by the alternator (23) driven by the rotor and that of a periodic electric reference signal (B). 
     
     
       9. Aerogenerator according to claim 3 wherein the reference signal is supplied by a reference oscillator (24). 
     
     
       10. Aerogenerator according to claim 9, wherein it also comprises an inhibitor employing eddy currents acting on the disc (22) or the inertia ring (13) fast with the regulation plate (6) and which is supplied as a function of the curves and of a ceiling of production current intensity in order to limit the power of the aerogenerator and possibly its speed. 
     
     
       11. Aerogenerator or wind-powered engine comprising: a rotor with a variable-pitch propeller with blades mounted to pivot about their respective axes, while being dynamically out-of-balance and consequently presenting an out-of-balance or disturbing rear mass;   each said blade comprising compensating means sensitive to the deceleration of the rotor in order automatically to exert on each said blade, in the event of deceleration of the rotor, a force substantially equal to and opposing a disturbing force created by the kinetic energy of the rear or out-of-balance mass of the blade;   said rotor including:   a regulation device comprising a coaxial regulation plate or any other like device able to undergo a determined angular clearance with respect to the rotor, and   transmission means for transmitting the pivoting movement of the blades about their axes to said regulation plate; and   elastic return members disposed between the frame of said rotor and said regulation plate in order to maintain said blades in the desired angular position, about their respective axes, when the rotor rotates at its nominal speed;   the connection between said blades and said plate being such that the slowing down of the plate with respect to said rotor brings about an increase in the pitch of the blades going as far as feathering and on the contrary an acceleration of said plate brings about a decrease in the pitch; and   said compensating means being constituted by a ring fast with said regulation plate and forming an inertia flywheel.   
     
     
       12. Aerogenerator or wind-powered engine according to claim 11, comprising an elastic stop placed between a mobile point of the regulation device and a point of the armature of the rotor, so that said elastic stop having a limited stroke, exerts an effort (E) on said regulation device, opposing the effort (F) exerted by said elastic return members on said regulation plate, with sensitive effect when the speed of rotation of the rotor becomes close to and slightly less than the nominal speed of rotation. 
     
     
       13. Aerogenerator according to claim 12, wherein said elastic stop is borne by said regulation plate and it cooperates with a finger fast with a hub of said rotor. 
     
     
       14. Aerogenerator according to claim 12, wherein said elastic stop is borne by said frame. 
     
     
       15. Aerogenerator according to claim 11, comprising a linear induction motor having a fixed inductor and a disc or inertia ring fast with said regulation plate and a device for controlling the electrical supply of said linear induction motor, which is controlled by a differential effect between the period of the alternating electric current (A) produced by an alternator driven by said rotor and that of a periodic electric reference signal (B). 
     
     
       16. Aerogenerator according to claim 15 wherein the reference signal is supplied by a reference oscillator. 
     
     
       17. Aerogenerator according to claim 15, comprising an inhibitor employing eddy currents acting on said disc or said inertia ring fast with said regulation plate and which is supplied as a function of the curves and of a ceiling of production current intensity in order to limit the power of the aerogenerator and possibly its speed. 
     
     
       18. Aerogenerator according to claim 16, comprising an inhibitor employing eddy currents acting on said disc or said inertia ring fast with said regulation plate and which is supplied as a function of the curves and of a ceiling of production current intensity in order to limit the power of the aerogenerator and possibly its speed. 
     
     
       19. Aerogenerator or wind-powered engine according to claim 11 wherein the compensating means are constituted, when the elastic return members of the blades are constituted by hydraulic or pneumatic devices, by means (15, 16) acting on the flowrate and supply pressure of said hydraulic or pneumatic devices, so as to compensate the disturbing force creating by the out-of-balance rear mass. 
     
     
       20. Aerogenerator or wind-powered engine according to claim 19, wherein it comprises an elastic stop (18) placed between a mobile point of the regulation device and a point of the armature of the rotor, so that the elastic stop (18), having limited stroke, exerts an effort (E) on the regulation device, opposing the effort (F) exerted by the elastic return members (5) on the regulation plate (6), with sensitive effect when the speed of rotation of the rotor becomes close to and slightly less than the nominal speed of rotation.