US2026077153A1PendingUtilityA1
Methods, systems, and apparatus for modulating or reducing photophobic responses
Est. expiryJan 21, 2034(~7.5 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
G02B 5/22A61N 2005/0663G02C 7/104G02B 2207/101G02B 5/289G02B 5/285A61N 2005/0667A61N 5/0618A61M 2021/0044A61M 21/02
70
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Claims
Abstract
An optical filter may reduce the frequency and/or severity of photophobic responses or for modulating circadian cycles by controlling light exposure to cells in the human eye in certain wavelengths, such as 480 nm and 590 nm, and a visual spectral response of the human eye. The optical filter may disrupt the isomerization of melanopsin in the human eye reducing the availability of the active isoform, whereas the attenuation of light weighted across the action potential spectrum of the active isoform attenuates the phototransduction cascade leading to photophobic responses. Embodiments of an optical filter are described. In one embodiment an optical filter may be configured to transmit less than a first amount of light in certain wavelengths, and to transmit more than a second amount of light weighted across the visual spectral response. Methods of use and methods of manufacturing optical filters are also described.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modified1 - 5 . (canceled)
6 . An apparatus for reducing the frequency and/or severity of photophobic responses or for modulating circadian cycles by controlling light exposure to melanopsin ganglion cells in a retina, the apparatus comprising:
a composite optical filter configured to transmit:
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths a light spectrum L(λ) weighed by a response spectrum R 590 (λ) at 590 nm as a Gaussian function with a central wavelength of 590 nm and a full-width at half-maximum of 50 nm and a spectrum transmission T(λ) of the optical filter is a dose of filtered light at 590 nm experienced by the melanopsin ganglion cells of a subject (D rec,590 );
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths the light spectrum L(λ) weighed by the response spectrum R 590 (λ) is a dose of light at 590 nm in the absence of an optical filter experienced by the melanopsin ganglion cells of a subject (D rec,590 (T=1));
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths the light spectrum L(λ) weighed by a response spectrum R 480 (λ) at 480 nm as a Gaussian function with a central wavelength of 480 nm and a full-width at half-maximum of 52 nm and the spectrum transmission T(λ) of the optical filter is a dose of filtered light at 480 nm experienced by the melanopsin ganglion cells of a subject (D rec,480 );
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths the light spectrum L(λ) weighed by the response spectrum R 480 (λ) is a dose of light at 480 nm in the absence of an optical filter experienced over the visual response spectrum (D rec,480 (T=1));
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths the light spectrum L(λ) weighed by a normalized visual response spectrum V(λ) and the spectrum transmission T(λ) of the optical filter is a dose of filtered light experienced over the visual response spectrum (D vis ); and
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths the light spectrum L(λ) weighed by the normalized visual response spectrum V(λ) is a dose of light in the absence of an optical filter experienced over the visual response spectrum (D vis (T=1));
wherein a ratio including doses D rec,590 , D vis and a ratio including doses D rec,480 , D vis are defined as figures of merit (FOM) FOM1, FOM2 of the optical filter, the FOM1 and the FOM2 being determined by:
FOM
1
=
[
1
-
D
rec
,
590
/
D
rec
,
590
(
T
=
1
)
]
/
[
1
-
D
vis
/
D
vis
(
T
=
1
)
]
FOM
2
=
[
1
-
D
rec
,
480
/
D
rec
,
480
(
T
=
1
)
]
/
[
1
-
D
vis
/
D
vis
(
T
=
1
)
]
wherein the FOM1 is at least 1 and the FOM2 is at least 1.
7 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the optical filter includes at least one of a dielectric multi-layer coating, embedded nanoparticle coating, a color filter, tint, resonant guided-mode filter, a rugate filter, or any combination thereof.
8 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the embedded nanoparticle coating includes at least one of metallic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, or core-shell particles having a core material in a core and a shell material serving as a shell.
9 . The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the metallic nanoparticles include at least one of Al, Ag, Au, Cu, Ni, Pt, or other metallic nanoparticles, wherein the dielectric nanoparticles include at least one of TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , or other dielectric nanoparticles.
10 . The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the TiO 2 dielectric nanoparticles have an average particle diameter between 10 nm and 80 nm and are embedded in a polymer matrix having an optical index of refraction between 1.4 and 1.6.
11 . The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the embedded nanoparticle coating comprises core-shell nanoparticles having a dielectric core and a metallic shell configured to enhance spectral extinction at wavelengths centered around 480 nm.
12 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the dielectric multi-layer coating comprises alternating layers of TiO 2 and SiO 2 deposited on a transparent substrate.
13 . An apparatus for reducing the frequency and/or severity of photophobic responses or for modulating circadian cycles by controlling light exposure to melanopsin ganglion cells in a retina, the apparatus comprising:
a composite optical filter configured to transmit:
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths a light spectrum L(λ) weighed by a response spectrum R 590 (λ) at 590 nm as a Gaussian function with a central wavelength of 590 nm and a full-width at half-maximum of 50 nm and a spectrum transmission T(λ) of the optical filter is a dose of filtered light at 590 nm experienced by the melanopsin ganglion cells of a subject (D rec,590 );
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths the light spectrum L(λ) weighed by the response spectrum R 590 (λ) is a dose of light at 590 nm in the absence of an optical filter experienced by the melanopsin ganglion cells of a subject (D rec,590 (T=1));
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths the light spectrum L(λ) weighed by a response spectrum R 480 (λ) at 480 nm as a Gaussian function with a central wavelength of 480 nm and a full-width at half-maximum of 52 nm and the spectrum transmission T(λ) of the optical filter is a dose of filtered light at 480 nm experienced by the melanopsin ganglion cells of a subject (D rec,480 ); and
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths the light spectrum L(λ) weighed by the response spectrum R 480 (λ) is a dose of light at 480 nm in the absence of an optical filter experienced over the visual response spectrum (D rec,480 (T=1));
sum of D rec,480 and D rec,590 is a dose of filtered light (D rec ) at 480 nm and 590 nm experienced by the melanopsin ganglion cells of a subject, and sum of D rec,480 (T=1) and D rec,590 (T=1) is a dose of light (D rec (T=1)) at 480 nm and 590 nm in the absence of an optical filter experienced by the melanopsin ganglion cells of a subject,
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths the light spectrum L(λ) weighed by a normalized visual response spectrum V(λ) and the spectrum transmission T(λ) of the optical filter is a dose of filtered light experienced over the visual response spectrum (D vis ); and
a dose of light obtained by integrating over wavelengths the light spectrum L(λ) weighed by the normalized visual response spectrum V(λ) is a dose of light in the absence of an optical filter experienced over the visual response spectrum (D vis (T=1));
wherein a figure of merit (FOM) of the optical filter is determined by:
FOM
=
[
1
-
D
rec
/
D
rec
(
T
=
1
)
]
/
[
1
-
D
vis
/
D
vis
(
T
=
1
)
]
wherein the figure of merit of said optical filter is at least 1.3.
14 . The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the optical filter includes at least one of a dielectric multi-layer coating, embedded nanoparticle coating, a color filter, tint, resonant guided-mode filter, a rugate filter, or any combination thereof.
15 . The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the embedded nanoparticle coating includes at least one of metallic nanoparticles, dielectric nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, or core-shell particles having a core material in a core and a shell material serving as a shell.
16 . The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the metallic nanoparticles include at least one of Al, Ag, Au, Cu, Ni, Pt, or other metallic nanoparticles, wherein the dielectric nanoparticles include at least one of TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , or other dielectric nanoparticles.
17 . The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the composite optical filter is configured such that the spectral attenuation at 480 nm is at least 70% and the spectral attenuation at 590 nm is at least 60%.
18 . The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the dielectric multi-layer coating comprises alternating layers of high-index TiO 2 and low-index SiO 2 deposited on a transparent substrate, the number of layers being between 11 and 19.
19 . The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the semiconductor nanoparticles comprise CdSe or CdS quantum dots configured to attenuate light in the wavelength range from 460 nm to 490 nm.
20 . A method of manufacturing an optical filter for reducing the frequency and/or severity of photophobic responses or for modulating circadian cycles, the method comprising:
determining a first dose of light to be attenuated, the first dose obtained by integrating a light spectrum L(λ) weighted by an action potential response spectrum M(λ) centered at approximately 480 nm and/or 590 nm; determining a second dose of light to be preserved, the second dose obtained by integrating the light spectrum L(λ) weighted by a normalized visual response spectrum V(λ); designing a spectral transmission function T(λ) of an optical filter such that a figure of merit (FOM) is greater than 1.3 and defined by:
FOM
=
[
1
-
Drec
/
Drec
(
T
=
1
)
]
/
[
1
-
Dvis
/
Dvis
(
T
=
1
)
]
;
fabricating the optical filter using one or more filter technologies selected from dielectric multi-layers, embedded nanoparticle coatings, color filters, or resonant guided-mode filters.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein fabricating the optical filter comprises depositing alternating high-index and low-index dielectric layers including TiO 2 and SiO 2 .
22 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the embedded nanoparticle coating comprises metallic nanoparticles having an average particle size between 10 nm and 100 nm embedded in a polymer host.
23 . The method of claim 20 , further comprising applying a base tint to the optical substrate to reduce backside reflection and to shift the effective notch center wavelength of the filter.
24 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the optical filter is fabricated such that the attenuation spectrum includes two spectral notches: a first centered at approximately 480 nm and a second centered at approximately 590 nm.
25 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the optical filter is formed on a substrate selected from a spectacle lens, contact lens, screen, window, or lighting element.Join the waitlist — get patent alerts
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