Paving systems and methods of forming a paving system

Abstract

Outdoor paving systems and methods of installing paving systems are described herein. The paving systems have a drainage layer of drainage stones. The drainage layer has a top surface and a bottom surface. The paving systems also have a paving layer abutting the drainage layer and covering the top surface of the drainage layer. The paving layer includes a permeable material. The permeable material includes an aggregate material bonded together by an elastomeric binder. The paving layer forms a containment field surrounding a perimeter of the drainage layer to restrict movement of the drainage stones of the drainage layer outwardly towards the surrounding ground surface.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A paving system comprising:
 a drainage layer of drainage stones, the drainage layer having a top surface and a bottom surface; and   a paving layer abutting the drainage layer and covering the top surface of the drainage layer, the paving layer comprising a permeable material, the permeable material including an aggregate material bonded together by an elastomeric binder, the paving layer forming a containment field surrounding a perimeter of the drainage layer to restrict movement of the drainage stones of the drainage layer outwardly towards a surrounding ground surface.   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the containment field has a height extending from an upper containment surface that is higher than the top surface of the drainage layer downwardly to a lower containment edge that is below the ground surface. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein the height of the containment field is one inch or greater. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the top surface of the drainage layer is higher than a top surface of the ground surrounding the drainage layer. 
     
     
         5 . The paving system of  claim 1 , wherein the containment field comprises the permeable material. 
     
     
         6 . The paving system of  claim 1 , wherein the paving layer consists of the permeable material. 
     
     
         7 . The paving system of  claim 1 , wherein the paving layer comprises the permeable material and one or more paving stones. 
     
     
         8 . The paving system of  claim 6 , wherein the one or more paving stones are resting on the top surface of the drainage layer or the permeable material and each paving stone has:
 a top surface;   a bottom surface opposed to the top surface; and   a plurality of vertical edges extending between the top surface and the bottom surface, a plurality of vertical edges of adjacent paving stones defining each vertical channel of the series of vertical channels; and   the permeable material is positioned within the series of vertical channels.   
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein the permeable material is adhered to a portion of the bottom surface of each paving stone. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric binder is a diphenylmethane diisocyanate-based polyurethane. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the elastomeric binder comprises about 5 percent by volume of the permeable material. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein aggregate of the aggregate material has a distribution of particle sizes between 0.20 inches and 0.50 inches. 
     
     
         13 . A method of installing a paving system, the method comprising:
 removing organic soil from a selected location for installing the paving system;   placing a drainage layer of drainage stones on the ground, the drainage layer having a top surface and a bottom surface;   placing a paving layer onto the top surface of the drainage layer, the paving layer comprising a permeable material, the permeable material including an aggregate material bonded together by an elastomeric binder, the paving layer forming a containment field surrounding a perimeter of the drainage layer to restrict movement of the drainage stones of the drainage layer outwardly towards the surrounding ground surface; and   allowing the elastomeric aggregate mixture to cure.   
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the containment field has a height extending from an upper containment surface that is higher than the top surface of the drainage layer downwardly to a lower containment edge that is below the ground surface. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the height of the containment field is one inch or greater. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the top surface of the drainage layer is higher than a top surface of the ground surrounding the drainage layer. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the containment field comprises the permeable material. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the elastomeric binder is a diphenylmethane diisocyanate-based polyurethane and the elastomeric binder comprises about 5 percent by weight of the permeable material. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the step of placing the paving layer onto the top surface of the drainage layer includes placing one or more paving stones on the top surface of the drainage layer, each paving stone having:
 a top surface;   a bottom surface opposed to the top surface; and   a plurality of vertical edges extending between the top surface and the bottom surface, a plurality of vertical edges of adjacent paving stones defining each vertical channel of the series of vertical channels, each vertical channel having a width greater than 0.50 inches; and   placing the permeable material within the series of vertical channels, aggregate of the aggregate material having an average particle size greater than 0.20 inches.   
     
     
         20 . A method of building a stairway, the method comprising:
 removing organic soil from a selected location for building the stairway, the selected location being a sloped surface;   placing a drainage layer of drainage stones on the ground, the drainage layer having a top surface and a bottom surface;   positioning a plurality of first forms on the top surface, a rear surface and a top edge of each first form defining a respective first cavity with the sloped ground surface, each first form being level and vertically supported by at least one support member driven into the ground;   positioning a plurality of second forms at a respective position where each second form is spaced apart from a respective first form, a rear surface of each second form and a front surface of each respective first form defining a second cavity therebetween, the second form:
 being coupled to the first form; 
 having an uppermost edge that is higher than the uppermost edge of the first form; and 
 having a lowermost edge vertically spaced apart from the sloped ground surface to form a gap between the lowermost edge and the sloped ground surface; 
   filling the first cavity with an aggregate material to a height of an uppermost edge of the first form with an aggregate material;   pouring an elastomeric aggregate composition into each second cavity to form a riser of each step of the stairway, the elastomeric aggregate composition passing through the gap between the lowermost edge of the second form and the sloped ground surface;   pouring additional elastomeric aggregate composition onto a top surface of the aggregate material and over the uppermost edge of the first form to meet with the elastomeric aggregate composition filling the second cavity and form a paving layer;   allowing the elastomeric aggregate composition to cure; and   removing the second form.