HIGH-ENTROPY SINGLE CRYSTAL CORE-SHELL STRUCTURED CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LMFP/LFP AND NCMA/NMx

Abstract

A cathode electrode includes a cathode current collector and a cathode active material layer arranged on at least one side of the cathode current collector. The cathode active material layer includes cathode active material comprising a plurality of cores each including a single crystal particle and a high entropy layer encapsulating each of the single crystal particles of the plurality of cores. The high entropy layer includes at least 5 different transition metal elements.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A cathode electrode, comprising:
 a cathode current collector; and   a cathode active material layer arranged on at least one side of the cathode current collector,   wherein the cathode active material layer includes cathode active material comprising:
 a plurality of cores each including a single crystal particle; and 
 a high entropy layer encapsulating each of the single crystal particles of the plurality of cores, wherein the high entropy layer includes at least 5 different transition metal elements. 
   
     
     
         2 . The cathode electrode of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cores comprises LiMn x Fe y M 1-x-y PO 4  where x and y are in a range from 0 to 1. 
     
     
         3 . The cathode electrode of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cores is made of a material selected from a group consisting of lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP). 
     
     
         4 . The cathode electrode of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cores includes manganese (Mn) having a molar ratio in a range from 0 to 0.8. 
     
     
         5 . The cathode electrode of  claim 4 , where the plurality of cores includes at least one transition metal selected from a group consisting of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and/or zirconium (Zr). 
     
     
         6 . The cathode electrode of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cores is made of a material selected from a group consisting of nickel cobalt manganese (NCM), nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA), nickel cobalt manganese aluminum (NCMA), cobalt-free nickel-manganese battery cells (NM X ), and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         7 . The cathode electrode of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cores includes Ni with a molar ratio greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.95. 
     
     
         8 . The cathode electrode of  claim 7 , wherein the plurality of cores includes at least one transition metal (TM) selected from a group consisting of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), and titanium (Ti). 
     
     
         9 . The cathode electrode of  claim 1 , further comprising an oxide layer encapsulating the high entropy layer of each of the plurality of cores. 
     
     
         10 . A battery cell comprising:
 C of the cathode electrode of  claim 1 ;   A anode electrodes; and   S separators, wherein C, A, and S are integers greater than one.   
     
     
         11 . A cathode electrode, comprising:
 a cathode current collector; and   a cathode active material layer arranged on at least one side of the cathode current collector,   wherein the cathode active material layer includes cathode active material comprising:
 a plurality of cores each including a single crystal particle; and 
 a plurality of high entropy portions discontinuously located on each of the single crystal particles of the plurality of cores, 
 wherein the plurality of high entropy portions include at least 5 different transition metal elements. 
   
     
     
         12 . The cathode electrode of  claim 11 , wherein the plurality of cores comprises LiMn x Fe y M 1-x-y PO 4  where x and y are in a range from 0 to 1. 
     
     
         13 . The cathode electrode of  claim 11 , wherein the plurality of cores is made of a material selected from a group consisting of lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP). 
     
     
         14 . The cathode electrode of  claim 11 , wherein the plurality of cores includes manganese (Mn) having a molar ratio in a range from 0 to 0.8. 
     
     
         15 . The cathode electrode of  claim 14 , where the plurality of cores includes at least one transition metal selected from a group consisting of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and/or zirconium (Zr). 
     
     
         16 . The cathode electrode of  claim 11 , wherein the plurality of cores is made of a material selected from a group consisting of nickel cobalt manganese (NCM), nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA), nickel cobalt manganese aluminum (NCMA), cobalt-free nickel-manganese battery cells (NM x ), and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         17 . The cathode electrode of  claim 11 , wherein the plurality of cores includes Ni with a molar ratio greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.95. 
     
     
         18 . The cathode electrode of  claim 17 , wherein the plurality of cores includes at least one transition metal (TM) selected from a group consisting of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), and titanium (Ti). 
     
     
         19 . The cathode electrode of  claim 11 , further comprising a plurality of oxide portions discontinuously arranged on the plurality of cores. 
     
     
         20 . A battery cell comprising:
 C of the cathode electrode of  claim 11 ;   A anode electrodes; and   S separators, wherein C, A, and S are integers greater than one.