Planing boat with two vortex generators

Abstract

Method and apparatus of various embodiments of a planing boat or vehicle supported by a system of three cambered planing surfaces, comprising two transversely set apart forward surfaces generating on their inner edges two counter-rotating tip vortices resulting in an ascending flow further aft downstream of the gap between these two forward surfaces, and one center aft surface, which sections are displaced higher vertically and inclined nose-dive relatively sections of the forward surfaces by the height and slope angle of the ascending flow at their location, so that the angles of deadrise and moduli of negative angles of inclination of the aft surface gradually increase along the span from the center plane outwards, embodying in special angular and spatial relative arrangement of said three planing surfaces and configuration of the aft surface with its half-planes curved upwards and twisted downwards in a substantially hyperbolic manner.

What I claim is: 
     
         1 . A planing boat or a vehicle with its center plane, which boat or vehicle is moving at a speed corresponding to a Froude numbers of about or greater than 3 and employing to support at least a part of its weight at least one hydrodynamic system of three cambered planing surfaces with its center plane coinciding or being parallel to the center plane of the boat or vehicle, while said cambered planing surfaces skim along the surface of water and supposed to generate dynamic lift by means of only positive hydrodynamic pressure on their facing downward profiled wetted surfaces, and vertical longitudinal sections of said cambered planing surfaces feature base lines coinciding with the hydrodynamic base lines of their cambered profiles, which system of three cambered planing surfaces comprises:
 two forward planing surfaces transversely set apart both sides of the center plane of this hydrodynamic system, which two forward planing surfaces generate at their inner facing each other edges two counter-rotating tip vortices, so that the direction of rotation of the right-hand vortex is clockwise and the left one is counterclockwise in projection onto the transverse plane when viewed from the front, resulting in an ascending flow further aft downstream of the gap between these two forward planing surfaces, which ascending flow is characterized by negative angles of the slope relatively the level of the undisturbed water surface, and   one aft planing surface located further aft of said two forward planing surfaces along the length of the boat or vehicle, at the center plane of said hydrodynamic system, at least partially within the limits of and affected by said ascending flow, and extending with its half-planes symmetrically both sides of said center plane of said hydrodynamic system,   
       wherein 
       in vertical longitudinal planes within the gap between said two forward planing surfaces sections of the aft planing surface are displaced higher than the base lines of the two forward planing surfaces by the heights determined by the ordinates of the rise of the surface of the ascending flow at the locations of said sections of the aft planing surface above the base lines of the forward planing surfaces, which positions of sections of the aft planing surface are defined by the leading edge points of said cambered profiles of said sections of the aft planing surface, and the base line of each of said sections of the aft planing surface is inclined relatively the base lines of the forward planing surfaces by the angle being equal to the sum of the negative angle of the slope of the surface of the ascending flow relatively the level of the undisturbed water surface at the location of said section of the aft planing surface and the difference between the positive angle of incidence of the base line of said section the aft planing surface relatively the local surface of water corresponding to the surface the ascending flow at the location of said section of the aft planing surface and the positive angle of incidence of the base lines of the forward planing surfaces relatively the level of the undisturbed water surface, 
       so that, at least in some part within the width corresponding the width of the gap between the forward planing surfaces in projection onto the transverse plane, angles of deadrise of said aft planing surface and moduli of negative (nose-dive) angles of inclination of base lines of sections of the aft planing surface relatively the base lines of the forward planing surfaces gradually increase along the span of the aft planing surface from the center plane of the hydrodynamic system outwards resulting in half-planes of said aft planing surface curved upwards and twisted downwards in a substantially hyperbolic manner. 
     
     
         2 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein the outer ends of at least some of said cambered planing surfaces are provided with end plates or deflectors. 
     
     
         3 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein said two forward cambered planing surfaces made with variable angles of deadrise along their spans. 
     
     
         4 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein at least some of said cambered planing surfaces made swept. 
     
     
         5 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein said two forward planing surfaces represent bottom surfaces of two sponsons protruding downwards from the forward part of bottom of said boat or vehicle and transversely set apart both sides of the center plane of said boat or vehicle. 
     
     
         6 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein the camber of at least some of said planing surfaces is the Virgil Johnson three-term camber. 
     
     
         7 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein at least some of said cambered planing surfaces are made in the form of panels or planes that are separated from the bottom of the boat or vehicle and connected to the bottom by means of structural members. 
     
     
         8 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 7 , wherein said structural members comprise struts and/or flanges. 
     
     
         9 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 7 , wherein said separated from the bottom panels or planes are made with streamlined convex upper surfaces similar to the upper surfaces of hydrofoils. 
     
     
         10 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 7 , wherein said separated panels or planes are provided at their bottom part with flat portions connecting the leading edges of said panels or planes and the leading edges of the cambered profiled portions of said bottom part of said separated panels or planes. 
     
     
         11 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 10 , wherein in sections by vertical longitudinal planes said flat portions are aligned with hydrodynamic base lines of said cambered profiles. 
     
     
         12 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 7 , wherein at least some of said separated from the bottom of the boat or vehicle cambered planing surfaces are made foldable or retractable. 
     
     
         13 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 7 , wherein said two forward cambered planing surfaces are made separated from the bottom of the boat or vehicle and the aft cambered planing surface is made integrated into the aft part of bottom of said boat or vehicle. 
     
     
         14 . Said planing boat or vehicle is a pontoon boat provided with at least one hydrodynamic system according to  claim 7 . 
     
     
         15 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 7 , wherein at least some of said separated panels or planes are mounted on bottoms of streamlined floats located under the hull of the boat or vehicle. 
     
     
         16 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 15 , wherein at least some of said streamlined floats are separated from the hull of the boat or vehicle, located at a certain distance vertically from the hull of the boat or vehicle and structurally connected to said hull of the boat or vehicle by means of struts. 
     
     
         17 . A planing boat or a vehicle according to  claim 16 , wherein said streamlined floats are connected to the hull of the boat or vehicle by means of struts of elongated streamlined cross-sections, inclined relative to the center plane of the boat or vehicle so that the leading edges of said sections are located closer to said center plane of the boat or vehicle than the trailing edges of said sections. 
     
     
         18 . A catamaran according to  claim 7 , wherein each of two forward separated panels or planes representing forward planing surfaces is mounted on the bottom of forward part of corresponding catamaran hull and one aft separated panel or plane representing said aft planing surface is located between catamaran hulls. 
     
     
         19 . A boat according to  claim 1 , wherein two propulsion propellers are located upstream of the aft planing surface and downstream of the forward planing surfaces, each on one side of the gap between the two forward planing surfaces in projection onto the transverse plane, providing that the direction of rotation of the right-hand propeller is clockwise and the left one is counterclockwise when viewed from the front. 
     
     
         20 . A seaplane or a wing-in-ground effect marine vehicle with take-off and landing gear employing the system of cambered planing surfaces according to  claim 1 .