Gas refrigeration machine, method for operating a gas refrigeration machine, and method for producing a gas refrigeration machine in the form of an open system

Abstract

A gas refrigerating machine comprising: an input for gas; a recuperator; a compressor having a compressor input, the compressor input being coupled to a first recuperator output; a heat exchanger; a turbine; and a gas output, wherein the gas refrigerating machine is configured as open system, and wherein the gas refrigerating machine is configured such that a working medium in at least one element of the group of elements comprising the recuperator, the compressor, the heat exchanger and the turbine, is the gas, and wherein the input is arranged at a first portion of a housing of the gas refrigerating machine where the input and the gas output are configured, wherein the gas output is arranged at a second portion of the housing of the gas refrigerating machine, and wherein the first portion is arranged above the second portion in an operating direction in which the gas refrigerating machine is set up for an operation of the gas refrigerating machine.

1 . A gas refrigerating machine, comprising:
 an input for a gas;   a recuperator comprising a first recuperator output;   a compressor comprising a compressor input, the compressor input being coupled to the first recuperator output;   a heat exchanger;   a turbine; and   a gas output,   wherein the gas refrigerating machine is configured such that a working medium flowing in at least one element of the group of elements comprising the recuperator, the compressor, the heat exchanger and the turbine, is the gas.   
     
     
         2 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the recuperator comprises a first recuperator input, the first recuperator output, a second recuperator input and a second recuperator output,
 wherein the compressor comprises the compressor input and a compressor output,   wherein the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger input and a first heat exchanger output on a primary side, a second heat exchanger input and a second heat exchanger output on a secondary side,   wherein the first heat exchanger input is coupled to the compressor output, and wherein the first heat exchanger output is coupled to the second recuperator input, and   wherein the turbine comprises a turbine input and a turbine output, wherein the turbine input is connected to the second recuperator output, and   wherein the gas output is coupled to the turbine output.   
     
     
         3 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the compressor input is connected to a suction region delimited by an intake wall and extending away from the compressor, and wherein the recuperator extends at least partially around the suction region and is delimited by the intake wall. 
     
     
         4 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the compressor is arranged above the turbine in an operating direction of the gas refrigerating machine. 
     
     
         5 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the input for the gas is arranged in a region to be cooled and is configured to suck a gas having a first temperature from the region to be cooled, wherein the gas output is arranged in the region to be cooled and is configured to output the gas having a second temperature into the region to be cooled, wherein the second temperature is lower than the first temperature. 
     
     
         6 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the gas refrigerating machine is configured to suck, as the gas, air to be cooled via the input for the gas, and to output, as a cooled gas, cooled air via the gas output. 
     
     
         7 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , comprising a drive motor having a rotor and a stator, wherein the compressor comprises a compressor wheel, wherein the turbine comprises a turbine wheel, wherein the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel are arranged on a common axis, and wherein the rotor of the drive motor is arranged on the common axis, which interacts with the stator of the drive motor. 
     
     
         8 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , comprising a drive motor having a rotor, wherein the compressor comprises a compressor wheel, wherein the turbine comprises a turbine wheel, and wherein the compressor wheel has a larger diameter than the rotor of the drive motor or a larger diameter than the turbine wheel of the turbine. 
     
     
         9 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 7 , wherein the rotor is arranged between the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel. 
     
     
         10 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 8 , wherein the compressor wheel, a first axis portion, the rotor, a second axis portion, and the turbine wheel are formed integrally. 
     
     
         11 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 8 , wherein a first bearing portion is formed on the compressor wheel and a second bearing portion is formed on the turbine wheel. 
     
     
         12 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 7 , wherein the rotor is formed of a non-ferromagnetic material, wherein the gas refrigerating machine comprises a ferromagnetic back element disposed around the rotor, and wherein the gas refrigerating machine comprises magnets disposed on the ferromagnetic back element. 
     
     
         13 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the recuperator is arranged in an outer region of a volume of the gas refrigerating machine and the compressor input is arranged in an inner region of the volume of the gas refrigerating machine. 
     
     
         14 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the recuperator has a volumetric shape comprising a central opening located in a central region, forming a suction region, wherein an intake wall extends from a first end of the central opening forming the compressor input to a second end closed by a cover. 
     
     
         15 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , comprising a suction region delimited by an intake wall, wherein the suction region has a first end, a second end, and a continuously increasing opening area from the first end to the second end, and wherein the intake wall is formed to be continuous or stepless. 
     
     
         16 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the recuperator is rotationally symmetrical, wherein an axis of symmetry of the recuperator substantially coincides with an axis of the compressor or with an axis of the turbine or with an axis of the gas output or the input for the gas or with an axis of a suction region. 
     
     
         17 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the recuperator comprises a counter-flow heat exchanger. 
     
     
         18 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 17 , wherein the recuperator comprises a counter-flow heat exchanger, wherein the gas refrigerating machine is configured so that the gas moves through the input for the gas, from an outside of the counter-flow heat exchanger to an inside of the counter-flow heat exchanger, and wherein the gas refrigerating machine is configured so that the gas discharged from the counter-flow heat exchanger moves from the inside of the counter-flow heat exchanger to the outside of the counter-flow heat exchanger. 
     
     
         19 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , comprising a housing, wherein the housing comprises a side wall and a bottom wall or a top wall,
 wherein the input for the gas is arranged in the side wall and the gas output is arranged in the bottom wall or the top wall, or   wherein the gas refrigerating machine comprises a bottom wall, and wherein the gas output is formed in the bottom wall of the gas refrigerating machine set up in an operating direction of the gas refrigerating machine, and wherein the gas output is shaped such that the gas output is placed on a refrigerant gas inlet in a bottom portion of a room in which the gas refrigerating machine can be installed, or   wherein the gas refrigerating machine comprises a bottom wall, and wherein the gas output is formed in the bottom wall of the gas refrigerating machine set up in an operating direction of the gas refrigerating machine, wherein the gas refrigerating machine comprises a moisture collecting device for collecting a condensate, wherein the moisture collecting device is formed in the gas output.   
     
     
         20 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , comprising a housing, wherein the housing is rotationally symmetrical or cylindrical or has a diameter between 0.5 m and 1.5 m or a height between 1.0 m and 2.5 m. 
     
     
         21 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the gas output has a gas output opening area, wherein the turbine comprises a turbine output having a turbine output opening area, wherein the turbine output opening area is smaller than the gas output opening area, and wherein an intermediate opening area between the gas output opening area and the turbine output opening area is continuously widening from the turbine output opening area to the gas output opening area.   
     
     
         22 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , comprising a housing, wherein the housing has an elongated shape, wherein the input for the gas comprises a plurality of perforations in the first portion of the housing, wherein a wall in the first portion of the housing forms a wall of the recuperator, or wherein the gas output comprises an opening in the second portion of the housing with an opening area which is at least 50% of a cross-sectional area of the housing in the first portion of the housing. 
     
     
         23 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the compressor is arranged to move gas via a suction region into the compressor input from top to bottom, and to feed compressed gas from the bottom into the heat exchanger with an output-side guide chamber.   
     
     
         24 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger has a wedge-shaped or disc-shaped volume and a heat exchanger input is arranged on the outside of the wedge-shaped or disc-shaped volume and a heat exchanger output is arranged on the inside of the wedge-shaped or disc-shaped volume, or wherein the heat exchanger input is arranged at the bottom of the wedge-shaped or disc-shaped volume and the heat exchanger output is arranged at the top of the wedge-shaped or disc-shaped volume. 
     
     
         25 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the recuperator has a volume comprising a counter-flow heat exchanger structure in an outer region of the volume and a suction region in an inner region of the volume, a first recuperator input, a first recuperator output, a second recuperator input, and a second recuperator output,
 wherein the first recuperator input is arranged on an outside of the outer region,   wherein the first recuperator output is arranged at the inner region of the volume, the first recuperator output being configured to direct the gas into the suction region,   wherein the second recuperator input is arranged at the inner region of the volume,   wherein the second recuperator output is arranged at the outer region of the volume,   wherein the first recuperator input and the second recuperator output are fluidically separated in the recuperator, and   wherein the first recuperator output and the second recuperator input are fluidically separated in the recuperator.   
     
     
         26 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the recuperator comprises interconnected first gas channels extending from the first recuperator input to the first recuperator output, and interconnected second gas channels extending between the second recuperator input and the second recuperator output,
 wherein the interconnected first gas channels and the interconnected second gas channels are arranged in a thermal interaction,   wherein the recuperator comprises, at the second recuperator input, a first collection region connecting the interconnected second gas channels on one side and extending along the inner region of the volume and forming the second recuperator input, and a second collection region connecting the interconnected second gas channels on another side and extending along an edge portion of the outer region of the volume and forming the second recuperator output, wherein an intake wall delimits the first collection region and separates the first collection region from the suction region.   
     
     
         27 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is arranged between the recuperator and the compressor. 
     
     
         28 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the turbine comprises a turbine input, the turbine input being connected to a second recuperator output via a connection region, the connection region extending around the heat exchanger. 
     
     
         29 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is a gas-liquid heat exchanger and comprises a secondary input, a secondary output, and a conduit structure placed in a volume through which gas flows,
 wherein the conduit structure is configured so that a liquid can flow through the conduit structure, and wherein the conduit structure is coupled to the secondary input and the secondary output.   
     
     
         30 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 23 , comprising a housing, wherein the housing comprises a liquid outlet from the heat exchanger and a liquid inlet to the heat exchanger. 
     
     
         31 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 24 , wherein the liquid inlet to the heat exchanger and liquid outlet from the heat exchanger are connected to a heat sink, wherein a pump is disposed in a circuit with the heat sink. 
     
     
         32 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the recuperator has a volume which completely encloses a suction region, the suction region and the volume of the recuperator extending by a distance greater than 10 cm away from the compressor input, and   wherein the input for the gas is formed by first ends of first gas channels, wherein second ends of the first gas channels open into the suction region, and wherein the first gas channels are distributed throughout the volume of the recuperator to direct gas into the suction region from multiple sides.   
     
     
         23 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , comprising a housing, wherein at least one element of the group of elements comprising the recuperator, the compressor, the heat exchanger and the turbine, is arranged in the housing. 
     
     
         34 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , comprising a housing, wherein an electronics module for supplying power to a drive motor for the compressor or for providing control data to an element of the gas refrigerating machine or for acquiring sensor data from an element of the gas refrigerating machine is disposed in a region of the gas refrigerating machine configured to cool the electronics module. 
     
     
         35 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein the turbine comprises a turbine output, and wherein an electronics module for an electric supply of the gas refrigerating machine with energy and/or control signals is disposed in a region between the turbine output and the gas output and a housing wall of the housing outside the gas output. 
     
     
         36 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein an electronics module for an electric supply of the gas refrigerating machine with energy and/or control signals is disposed in a region between a base of a compressor wheel of the compressor and a base of a turbine wheel of the turbine. 
     
     
         37 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein an electronics module for an electric supply of the gas refrigerating machine with energy and/or control signals is disposed on a boundary member of a turbine input of the turbine, the electronics module being further disposed outside the turbine input of the turbine. 
     
     
         38 . The gas refrigerating machine according to  claim 1 , wherein an electronics module for an electric supply of the gas refrigerating machine with energy and/or control signals comprises an opening in a center of the electronics module and is disk-shaped and extends around a stator of a drive motor for the compressor or is formed integrally with the stator, and is disposed in a region between a base of a compressor wheel of the compressor and a base of a turbine wheel of the turbine. 
     
     
         39 . A method for operating a gas refrigerating machine, the gas refrigerating machine comprising: an input for a gas; a recuperator comprising a first recuperator output; a compressor comprising a compressor input, the compressor input being coupled to the first recuperator output; a heat exchanger; a turbine; and a gas output, the method for operating a gas refrigerating machine comprising:
 sucking the gas through the input for the gas; 
 compressing the gas having moved through a primary region of the recuperator by the compressor to obtain compressed gas; 
 introducing the compressed gas into the heat exchanger; 
 introducing the gas exiting the heat exchanger into a secondary region of the recuperator; 
 relaxing the gas at the output of the secondary region of the recuperator by the turbine to obtain relaxed gas; and 
 outputting the relaxed gas through the gas output, 
 wherein the gas refrigerating machine is configured such that a working medium flowing in at least one element of the group of elements comprising the recuperator, the compressor, the heat exchanger and the turbine, is the gas. 
 
     
     
         40 . A method for manufacturing a gas refrigerating machine, the gas refrigerating machine comprising: an input for a gas; a recuperator comprising a first recuperator output; a compressor comprising a compressor input, the compressor input being coupled to the first recuperator output; a heat exchanger; a turbine; and a gas output, the method for manufacturing a gas refrigerating machine comprising:
 arranging the recuperator, the compressor, the turbine and the heat exchanger such that a working medium flowing in at least one element of the group of elements comprising the recuperator, the compressor, the heat exchanger and the turbine, is the gas.