Boat with two cambered planing surfaces

Abstract

Method and apparatus of various embodiments of a hydrodynamic design of planing boat or vehicle employing two substantially dihedral planing surfaces featuring cambered hydrodynamic profiles with their base lines, positioned successively along length of the boat and comprising a forward planing surface of swept back plan form and an aft planing surface, which, in order to match conformally the disturbance of water surface generated by the forward planing surface, specifically configured and arranged spatially and angularly relatively the forward planing surface, so that within each vertical longitudinal plane a section of aft planing surface is displaced vertically and its base line is turned relatively the base line of corresponding section of the forward planing surface within the same vertical longitudinal plane by the height and angle of the wave trough generated by the forward planing surface at the location of said section of aft planing surface.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A planing boat or any other vehicle employing similar mode of motion, which boat or vehicle is provided at its bottom part with at least one pair of substantially dihedral planing surfaces featuring cambered hydrodynamic profiles, which planing surfaces are successively arranged lengthwise of the boat or vehicle, have their leading and trailing edges coinciding with leading and trailing edges of their cambered profiles, a common vertical longitudinal center plane coinciding with keel lines of their dihedrals, and coinciding or being parallel to the center plane of the boat or vehicle, and half-planes protruding transversely both sides from said keel lines and common center plane,
 while vertical longitudinal sections of said planing surfaces have base lines coinciding with the base lines of the cambered profiles of these sections, said base lines define the angular positions of cambered profiles of said sections at some non-negative angles of incidence relatively the water surface, and the vertical and longitudinal positions of cambered planing surfaces of said sections are defined by the leading edge points of said cambered profiles, 
 whereas said cambered planing surfaces skim in operational high-speed mode of motion along the surface of water and generate hydrodynamic lift to support at least partially said boat or vehicle by means of only positive hydrodynamic pressure on their facing downward profiled wetted surfaces, 
 which said pair of cambered planing surfaces comprises: 
 a forward planing surface having in the plan view half-planes being swept back relatively the keel line of its dihedral and the common vertical longitudinal center plane, and base lines of vertical longitudinal sections positioned at some non-negative angles of incidence relatively the undisturbed level of water surface, while operation of the forward planing surface causes the water surface to deflect downward and form a wave trough downstream of the trailing edges of said forward planing surface, 
 and an aft planing surface located at some distance downstream, in the wake of the forward planing surface and within said wave trough, while the base lines of vertical longitudinal sections of said aft planing surface are positioned at some non-negative angles of incidence relatively the local level of water surface corresponding to the surface of said wave trough, 
 wherein: 
 each section by vertical longitudinal plane of said aft cambered planing surface is displaced vertically relatively the base line of section of the forward cambered planing surface in the same vertical longitudinal plane by the distance being equal to the vertical distance from said base line of the section of the forward planing surface to the surface of the wave trough at the location of the section of the aft planing surface, and the base line of each of said vertical longitudinal sections of aft cambered planing surface is inclined relatively the base line of vertical longitudinal section of the forward cambered planing surface in the same vertical longitudinal plane by the angle being equal to the sum of the angle of the slope of the surface of the wave trough in said vertical longitudinal section at the location of said section of aft planing surface and the difference between the non-negative angle of incidence of the base line of said section of the aft planing surface relatively the local surface of water corresponding to the surface of the wave trough and the non-negative angle of incidence of the base line of the section of the forward planing surfaces relatively the level of the undisturbed water surface. 
 
     
     
         2 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein each section by vertical longitudinal plane of said aft cambered planing surface is displaced in the vertical direction below relatively the base line of section of the forward planing surface in the same vertical longitudinal plane, and the base line of each of said vertical longitudinal sections of aft planing surface is turned clockwise relatively the base line of vertical longitudinal section of the forward planing surface in the same vertical longitudinal plane when viewed from the left side of the boat or vehicle, while the angle of deadrise of the aft planing surface is higher than the angle of deadrise of the forward planing surface and the width of said aft planing surface constitutes not more than 0.9 times of the width of the forward planing surface. 
     
     
         3 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein said forward planing surface generates not less than 80% of the total hydrodynamic lift generated by said pair of forward and aft cambered planing surfaces. 
     
     
         4 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein projections of half-planes of said aft planing surface onto the transverse plane have curved configurations with variable angles of deadrise of the half-planes gradually changing along the span of the aft planing surface from the keel line and the center plane outwards. 
     
     
         5 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein angles of incidence of half-planes of said aft planing surface gradually change along the span of the aft planing surface from the keel line and the center plane outwards. 
     
     
         6 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein relative cambers of sections by vertical longitudinal planes increase along the span of at least one of said planing surfaces from the keel line and the center plane outwards up to the outer tips of said planing surface. 
     
     
         7 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein the base line of each of said vertical longitudinal sections of said forward cambered planing surface is inclined nose-dive at some negative angle relatively the keel line of the boat or vehicle meaning that base lines of sections of said forward cambered planing surface are turned counterclockwise relatively the keel line of the boat or vehicle if viewed from the left side of said boat or vehicle. 
     
     
         8 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein the camber of at least some of said planing surfaces is a Virgil Johnson three-term camber. 
     
     
         9 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein outer tips of at least some of said planing surfaces are provided with end plates or deflectors protruding below the cambered profiles of tip sections of said planing surfaces. 
     
     
         10 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein the forward planing surface extends transversally beyond the chines of the boat by means of protrusions located at the intersections of the planing surface with the chines. 
     
     
         11 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 10 , wherein the upper surfaces of said protrusions extending transversally beyond the chines of the boat are provided with streamlined convex upper surfaces being similar to upper surfaces of hydrofoils. 
     
     
         12 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 1 , wherein at least some of said cambered planing surfaces are made in the form of panels or planes separated from the bottom of the boat or vehicle and connected to the bottom by means of structural members. 
     
     
         13 . A boat or a vehicle according to  claim 12 , wherein said structural members comprise struts and/or flanges. 
     
     
         14 . A boat or vehicle according to  claim 12 , wherein said planes of separated from the bottom planing surfaces provided with streamlined convex upper surfaces being similar to upper surfaces of hydrofoils. 
     
     
         15 . A boat or a vehicle according to  claim 12 , wherein said forward cambered planing surface is made separated from the bottom of the boat or vehicle and the aft cambered planing surface is made integrated into the aft part of bottom of said boat or vehicle. 
     
     
         16 . A boat or a vehicle according to  claim 12 , wherein said separated panels or planes are provided with flat plate portions connecting the leading edges of said panels or planes and the leading edges of the cambered profiled portions of bottom part of said separated panels or planes. 
     
     
         17 . A boat or a vehicle according to  claim 12 , wherein at least some of said separated from the bottom of the boat or vehicle cambered planing surfaces in the form of panels or planes are made foldable or retractable. 
     
     
         18 . A catamaran or other multihull boat according to  claim 12 , wherein said forward and aft cambered planing surfaces in the form of separated panels or planes are located under the bottoms of the forward and aft parts of two or larger number of hulls respectively. 
     
     
         19 . A pontoon boat according to  claim 12 . provided with at least one pair of said forward and aft cambered planing surfaces in the form of separated panels or planes mounted at the bottoms of pontoon logs. 
     
     
         20 . A seaplane or a wing-in-ground effect marine vehicle with take-off and landing gear employing the hydrodynamic configuration of the boat or vehicle according to  claim 1 .