Paving apparatus, system and method

Abstract

A paving system includes a base layer; a sand layer of coarse angular sand above the base layer: a tile layer of porcelain tiles above the sand layer; and a metal edge restraint staked down along an edge of the paved surface. The base layer may include a reinforcement grid. A tile edging apparatus includes an elongated tile edge restraint strip having a longitudinal axis extending between a first end and a second end and a vertical axis extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and between an upper end and a lower end: a fixation projection extending out from a first lateral side of the edge restraint strip, the fixation projection including an aperture extending generally vertically therethrough; and a tile support projection extending out from a second lateral side of the edge restraint strip opposite the first lateral side, the tile support projection including a tile support surface.

1 . A paving system comprising:
 (a) a base layer, the base layer including a compacted aggregate;   (b) a sand layer of coarse angular sand above the base layer;   (c) a tile layer of ceramic tiles above the sand layer, the tile layer forming a paved surface; and   (d) a metal edge restraint staked down along an edge of the paved surface.   
     
     
         2 . The paving system of  claim 1 , wherein the tiles of the tile layer rest on the coarse angular sand of the sand layer. 
     
     
         3 . The paving system of  claim 1 , wherein the base layer includes a reinforcement grid. 
     
     
         4 . The paving system of  claim 3 , wherein the reinforcement grid is a polymeric grid filled with a grid aggregate. 
     
     
         5 . The paving system of  claim 1 , wherein the coarse angular sand is a washed sand. 
     
     
         6 . The paving system of  claim 1 , further comprising tile spacers installed between the tiles, wherein the tiles are adhered to the tile spacers. 
     
     
         7 . (canceled) 
     
     
         8 . The paving system of  claim 1 , wherein the edge restraint includes tile supports extending under adjacent ones of the tiles. 
     
     
         9 . The paving system of  claim 8 , wherein the adjacent ones of the tiles are adhered to the tile supports of the edge restraint.) 
     
     
         10 . (canceled) 
     
     
         11 . (canceled) 
     
     
         12 . (canceled) 
     
     
         13 . A method of paving installing the paving system of  claim 1 , comprising:
 (a) installing the base layer;   (b) installing the sand layer of coarse angular sand above the base layer;   (c) laying the layer of ceramic tiles above the sand layer to form the paved surface; and   (d) staking the metal edge restraint along the edge of the paved surface.   
     
     
         14 . (canceled) 
     
     
         15 . (canceled) 
     
     
         16 . (canceled) 
     
     
         17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . (canceled) 
     
     
         19 . (canceled) 
     
     
         20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . (canceled) 
     
     
         22 . (canceled) 
     
     
         23 . (canceled) 
     
     
         24 . (canceled) 
     
     
         25 . A tile edging apparatus, comprising:
 (a) an elongated tile edge restraint strip having a longitudinal axis extending between a first end and a second end and a vertical axis extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and between an upper end and a lower end;   (b) a fastener support extending out from a first lateral side of the edge restraint strip, the fastener support including an aperture extending generally vertically therethrough for receiving a fastener for fixing the tile edging apparatus in place; and   (c) a tile support extending out from a second lateral side of the edge restraint strip opposite the first lateral side, the tile support including a tile support surface extending generally perpendicular to the vertical axis.   
     
     
         26 . The apparatus of  claim 25 , wherein the edge restraint strip includes a tile restraint surface extending generally parallel to the longitudinal axis and to the vertical axis, and the tile support surface is generally perpendicular to the tile restraint surface. 
     
     
         27 . (canceled) 
     
     
         28 . The apparatus of  claim 25 , wherein the edge restraint strip and the fastener support are a single integral body. 
     
     
         29 . (canceled) 
     
     
         30 . (canceled) 
     
     
         31 . The apparatus of  claim 25 , wherein the tile support is formed by a first leg of a generally L-shaped plate and the tile edge restraint strip includes a cavity to receive a second leg of the plate. 
     
     
         32 . The apparatus of  claim 31 , wherein the tile support is repositionable along the longitudinal axis and is removeable. 
     
     
         33 . The apparatus of  claim 32 , further comprising a plurality of the tile supports, wherein the tile supports are independent from one another. 
     
     
         34 . The apparatus of  claim 33 , wherein the cavity is a longitudinally extending cavity, and the tile support is repositionable along the longitudinal axis by sliding the first leg along the cavity, and all the tile supports are all received in the same cavity. 
     
     
         35 . (canceled) 
     
     
         36 . The apparatus of  claim 25 , wherein an upper rim of the aperture is recessed below a top surface of the fastener support, the fastener support includes a spaced-apart pair of parallel ridges flanking the aperture and spaced from the aperture to receive a head of the fastener between the ridges. and each ridge includes a groove facing the other ridge, and the apparatus further comprising a body slidably received in the grooves between the ridges, the body overlying the aperture. 
     
     
         37 . (canceled) 
     
     
         38 . (canceled) 
     
     
         39 . (canceled) 
     
     
         40 . (canceled) 
     
     
         41 . A tile edging apparatus, comprising:
 (a) an elongated tile edge restraint strip having a longitudinal axis extending between a first end and a second end and a vertical axis extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and between an upper end and a lower end;   (b) a fastener support extending out from a first lateral side of the edge restraint strip, the fastener support including an aperture extending generally vertically therethrough for receiving a fastener for fixing the tile edging apparatus in place, an upper rim of the aperture recessed below a top surface of the fastener support; and   (c) a blocking body moveable between a first position overlying the aperture to prevent vertical movement of the fastener above the aperture and a second position spaced from the aperture such that the fastener can be vertically inserted down through the aperture.   
     
     
         42 . The apparatus of  claim 41 , wherein the fastener support includes a spaced-apart pair of parallel ridges flanking the aperture and spaced from the aperture to receive a head of the fastener between the ridges. 
     
     
         43 . The apparatus of  claim 42 , wherein each ridge includes a groove facing the other ridge, and the blocking body is slidably received in the grooves between the ridges in the first position. 
     
     
         44 . (canceled)