Cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum and water electrolysis method using the same

Abstract

Disclosed herein is cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum obtained by reducing platinum using a cyclone process, manufacturing a water electrolysis catalyst using the reduced platinum, and performing water electrolysis, as well as a water electrolysis method using the same.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum, wherein a reaction solution containing platinum metal ions is subjected to electrolytic refining and recovered using a cyclone high-speed electrolyzer using high-speed turbulence. 
     
     
         2 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 1 , wherein the cyclone high-speed electrolyzer using high-speed turbulence comprises:
 an anode in a shape of a rod; and   a cathode including a receiving hole for accommodating the anode to form a reaction space between the anode and the cathode,   wherein an area ratio of the anode to the cathode in the reaction space is 1 to 100 (Anode/Cathode),   wherein a diameter ratio of Do (overflow) to Du (underflow) is 0.001 to 1 (Do/Du),   wherein a cross section of the anode is circular, and   wherein a cross section of the receiving hole is circular, and the anode is eccentrically positioned in the receiving hole.   
     
     
         3 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 1 ,
 wherein a turbulent flow velocity of the cyclone high-speed electrolyzer using high-speed turbulence is 8 to 10 m/s.   
     
     
         4 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 1 ,
 wherein a helical downward vortex is generated along a wall of the cyclone high-speed electrolyzer using high-speed turbulence for electrolytic recovery of platinum metal to accelerate the electrolyzer at high speed, thereby forming a high-speed turbulent flow, and   wherein the high-speed turbulent flow reduces a diffusion layer to significantly improve electrolytic efficiency, thereby remarkably increasing a recovery rate of the platinum metal.   
     
     
         5 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 2 ,
 wherein a maximum distance between the anode and the cathode in the reaction space is 2 to 100 times a minimum distance.   
     
     
         6 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the cathode is formed with a feed configured to introduce a reactant into the reaction space in a diagonal direction.   
     
     
         7 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the anode is made of stainless steel, graphite, or platinum,   wherein the cathode is made of titanium coated with iridium, and   wherein the anode includes a plurality of cylindrical grooves.   
     
     
         8 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 2 ,
 wherein an acid leaching agent is introduced into the reaction space,   wherein the acid leaching agent is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, or organic acid, and   wherein a concentration of the acid leaching agent is 0.2 M to 5 M.   
     
     
         9 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 8 , further comprising a process of extracting powder of platinum metal concentrate using the acid leaching agent,
 wherein a condition for the process of the extracting is characterized by:   a leaching time of 0.5 to 12 hours,   a pH of 0.5 to 6.5,   a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/2.5 to 1/4, and   a temperature of 20° C. to 90° C.   
     
     
         10 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the reaction solution containing platinum metal ions is introduced into the reaction space for the electrolytic refining,   wherein, during the electrolytic refining, an applied voltage is 1.75 V to 25 V, a current is 0.5 to 10 A, and a reaction time is 1 to 720 minutes.   
     
     
         11 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 10 ,
 wherein the platinum metal is leached and recovered simultaneously or separately during a process of electrolytic recovery, and   wherein a recovery rate of the platinum metal is 98 to 99.99 wt %.   
     
     
         12 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 1 ,
 wherein a particle size of the cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum is 0.2 to 100 μm.   
     
     
         13 . The cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 1 ,
 wherein, in a result of XPS analysis, the cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum contains 80 to 93 wt % of platinum and 7 to 20 wt % of ruthenium.   
     
     
         14 . A water electrolysis method using cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum, comprising steps of:
 (a-1) preparing the cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 1  as a water electrolysis catalyst;   (a-2) ultrasonically dispersing an electrode solution obtained by mixing the water electrolysis catalyst of the cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum, an alcohol solvent, and a Nafion solution;   (a-3) introducing the ultrasonically dispersed electrode solution into a working electrode of a three-electrode cell and completely drying the working electrode; and   (a-4) rotating the dried working electrode while performing an electrochemical reaction in the three-electrode cell to evaluate water electrolysis performance of hydrogen evolution reaction.   
     
     
         15 . The water electrolysis method using cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 14 ,
 wherein, in the step (a-1) of preparing the cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum as a water electrolysis catalyst, a particle size of the cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum is 0.2 to 100 μm, and   wherein, in a result of XPS analysis, the cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum contains 80 to 93 wt % of platinum and 7 to 20 wt % of ruthenium.   
     
     
         16 . The water electrolysis method using cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 14 ,
 wherein, in the step (a-2) of ultrasonically dispersing an electrode solution obtained by mixing the water electrolysis catalyst of the cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum, an alcohol solvent, and a Nafion solution,   the alcohol solvent is at least one selected from a group consisting of methanol, ethanol, methylcyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, isopropanol, propanol, and butanol, and   time for ultrasonic dispersion time ranges from 5 minutes to 2 hours.   
     
     
         17 . The water electrolysis method using cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 14 ,
 wherein, in the step (a-3) of introducing the ultrasonically dispersed electrode solution into a working electrode of a three-electrode cell and completely drying the working electrode, the three-electrode cell comprises:   a rotating disk electrode (RDE, glassy carbon) as the working electrode;   a graphite rod as the counter electrode; and   Hg/HgO (1M KOH) as the reference electrode,   wherein 1M KOH (25° C.) purged with N 2  is used as electrolyte, and   wherein 1 to 3 drops of the ultrasonically dispersed electrode solution are introduced into the working electrode of the three-electrode cell.   
     
     
         18 . The water electrolysis method using cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum of  claim 14 ,
 wherein, in the step (a-4) of rotating the dried working electrode while performing an electrochemical reaction in the three-electrode cell to evaluate water electrolysis performance of hydrogen evolution reaction,   when using the cyclonic electrolytic recovered reduced platinum as a water electrolysis catalyst,   in a result of evaluating water electrolysis performance of hydrogen evolution reaction using cyclic voltammetry at a scan rate of 5 mV/s,   upon applying a constant current of 10 mA/cm 2 , a voltage variation over time remains stable in a range of 18 to 20 mV, exhibiting durability and water electrolysis catalytic activity.