Arrangement for generating heat and cold

Abstract

An arrangement for generating heat and cold relates to the field of energy production and can be used in gas compression and expansion devices in order to improve the efficiency of gas expansion and compression systems. The arrangement comprises a cascade pressure exchanger, a supply port for low-pressure working fluid, which is connected by a pressurizing device to a source of heat energy, and a discharge port for low-pressure working fluid from the cascade pressure exchanger. A supply port for high-pressure working fluid is connected, via a heat discharge device linked to a heat user, to an outlet of a compressor that compresses working fluid, an inlet of which is connected to the source of heat. A discharge port for high-pressure working fluid is connected, via the beat discharge device linked to a heat user, to the supply port for high-pressure working fluid by means of a circulating fan.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . An arrangement for generating heat and cold, containing at least one compressor or fan, at least one heat exchanger, at least one pressure exchanger, as well as regulation, protection, operating, start-up, control systems, wherein the at least one cascade pressure exchanger is contained, the channels in the rotor of which are built axially-parallel to the shaft, or radially, or diagonally, or axial-radially, with the possibility of periodically overlapping the inlet and outlet openings of the channels of the rotor, as the rotor rotates, by the housing walls and their periodic combination with the low-pressure and high-pressure working fluid supply and discharge ports, while the supply port of the compressible low-pressure working fluid is connected by a pipeline, for example, by means of a pressurization device in the form of a fan or compressor directly, or by means of a heat exchanger, for example, to a source of thermal energy: to a cooled medium, or to the atmosphere, or to a refrigeration, or to a cryogenic chamber, to the liquefied or cooled gas or steam, the low-pressure working fluid discharge port of the cascade pressure exchanger is connected directly or through a heat exchanger to a user of refrigeration, for example, to the atmosphere, or to a refrigeration, or to a cryogenic chamber, to the liquefied or cooled gas and/or steam, the high-pressure working fluid supply port, through a heat removal device, possibly connected to a heat user through a heat exchanger-cooler, possibly with a condensate separator, can be connected to the outlet of the compressing working fluid from the compressor, the inlet of which is connected to a heat source, directly or by means of a heat exchanger, for example, to the atmosphere or to a refrigeration, or to a cryogenic chamber, to the cooled or liquefied gas and/or steam, on the side of heat removal, and the high-pressure working fluid discharge port, for example, through a heat removal device, possibly connected to the heat user through a heat exchanger-cooler, possibly with a condensate separator, is connected, by means of a circulation fan, to the high-pressure working fluid supply port of a cascade pressure exchanger, a part of the ports of which are interconnected by bypass-mass transfer channels built from the side of the low-pressure working fluid supply port or the discharge port, or at least a part of the bypass channels is built from the side of the supply port, and a part of them is built from the low-pressure working fluid discharge port, while the bypass-mass transfer channels of the cascade pressure exchanger, or at least some of them, for example, the high-pressure ones, are built in a beat supply device, for example, in the form of a heat exchanger, connected from the heating side to a source of thermal energy, for example, to the environment or to a refrigeration, or to a cryogenic chamber, or to a cooled gas and/or steam, while the heating medium can be supplied to the heat exchanger from the side of the high-pressure working fluid supply port, and the heating medium can be removed from the side of the low-pressure working fluid supply port of the cascade pressure exchanger. 
     
     
         2 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the in the housing of the pressure exchanger, on the opposite side to at least a part of the bypass-mass transfer channels there are ports connected to each other in pairs by outlet channels built into the heat exchanger with the possibility of supplying heat to the working fluid—gas or steam—filling the outlet channels, while the ports are built with the possibility of periodic alignment, along the direction of rotation of the rotor, with channels built in it in such a way that the first port along the direction of rotation of the rotor is aligned with the channel in the rotor, for example, filled with the working fluid—gas or steam of the highest pressure, with that rotor being blocked on its opposite side by the housing wall, with the possibility of expansion of gas or steam in it into the outlet channel, further connected, in the direction of rotation of the rotor, with a channel in the rotor, with the possibility of displacing the working fluid—gas or steam—in it into the bypass-mass transfer channel, while further, in the direction of rotation of the rotor, at least one more outlet channel can be built. 
     
     
         3 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the low-pressure working fluid discharge port of the cascade pressure exchanger is connected to a liquefied gas or steam separator, or a mixture of gases or steams through the expansion device, for example, through a throttle valve, possibly after an additional cooler, while the discharge of non-condensed gas or steam or mixture and, for example, the supply of liquefied gas or steam, or a mixture of gases or steams, is connected to the inlet of a low-pressure fan or compressor, the outlet of which is connected to the supply port of the low-pressure working fluid of the pressure exchanger, as well as the release of non-condensed gas or steam, or mixture from the condensate separator and, for example, the supply of liquefied gas or steam, or a mixture of gases or steams, is connected to a compressor of a compressing working fluid, the outlet of which is connected, for example, through a heat exchanger-cooler, to the high-pressure working fluid supply port of the pressure exchanger. 
     
     
         4 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the low-pressure working fluid discharge port of the pressure exchanger is connected, possibly through a throttle valve, for example after an additional cooler, to a heat exchanger, which can be built in the form of an evaporator with the possibility of removing heat from the cooled medium, for example, liquid, steam or gas, as a result of boiling and evaporation of a refrigerant or a mixture of refrigerants circulating in the arrangement in the form of a working fluid or a mixture of working fluids. 
     
     
         5 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein at least one outlet channel and/or one bypass-mass transfer channel, starting from the outlet and/or the bypass channel, filled with gas or steam with the highest pressure, or at least a part of the channels is connected in series to the source of the heat supply by means of the counterflow heat exchanger, as the coolant temperature and gas and/or steam pressure in the outlet channels and/or in the bypass-mass transfer channels decrease. 
     
     
         6 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger with outlet channels and/or bypass channels built into it is connected to a heat source, for example, to the outlet of gas and/or steam from the compressor of the compressing working fluid or to the outlet of gas and/or steam from the high-pressure working fluid discharge port of the cascade pressure exchanger, possibly through a circulation fan, or simultaneously connected to the outlet from the compressor and the high-pressure working fluid discharge port, while the outlet of the cooled gas and/or steam from the heat exchanger with built-in outlet and/or bypass channels is connected to the high-pressure working fluid supply port of the cascade pressure exchanger. 
     
     
         7 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger with outlet and/or bypass channels built into it is connected to the heat source through an intermediate heat carrier, for example, liquid, while the heat source can be the environment, for example a reservoir or a heat exchanger-cooler. 
     
     
         8 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the as a working fluid a mixture of at least two refrigerants with different temperatures and condensing pressures is contained, while the outlet of the compressing working fluid from the compressor and the outlet of the high-pressure pressure working fluid from the discharge port of the pressure exchanger, for example, through a circulation fan, is connected to at least one heat exchanger-cooler with a low-boiling refrigerant condensate separator, while the outlet of the non-condensed working fluid—readily boiling refrigerant—from the condensate separator is connected to the high-pressure working fluid supply port of the pressure exchanger, and the outlet of the liquefied refrigerant from the condensate separator is connected, for example through an additional cooler, to a throttle valve, the outlet from which is connected to the user of refrigeration, for example, to the heat exchanger of the cooled and/or liquefied gas or steam, and the low-pressure working fluid discharge port of the pressure exchanger is also connected to the user of refrigeration, for example, in a more or less high-temperature part of the cooling heat exchanger of the cooled and/or liquefied gas or steam, 
     
     
         9 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the outlet of the liquefied refrigerant from the condensate separator connected to the heat exchanger-cooler built in in the gas path at the outlet of the working fluid mixture from the high-pressure working fluid discharge port of the pressure exchanger is connected to the expansion device, for example the throttle valve, by means of a pump. 
     
     
         10 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the a part of the flow of the working fluid, gas or steam from the compressor of the compressing working fluid, and/or from the high-pressure working fluid discharge port of the pressure exchanger, after at least one heat exchanger-cooler, is connected, for example, through an additional cooler, to a throttle valve, the outlet of which is connected to the user of refrigeration, for example, to the heat exchanger of the cooled and/or liquefied gas or steam, and the low-pressure working fluid discharge port of the pressure exchanger is also connected to the user of refrigeration, for example in a more or less high-temperature part of the same cooling heat exchanger of the cooled and/or liquefied gas or steam. 
     
     
         11 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the walls of the housing of the cascade pressure exchanger, located between the ports for supplying the working fluid to the channels and discharging the working fluid from the channels built in the rotor, with the said ports built in the housing, are built with the possibility of overlapping the inlet and outlet openings, while the rotor is rotating, with a minimum gap in which labyrinth or contact seals are installed, of at least one channel in a row of the channels of the rotor, meanwhile several rows of channels, at least two rows, can be built in the rotor of the cascade pressure exchanger along its radius 
     
     
         12 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the rotor shaft of the pressure exchanger is connected to an engine drive with the ability to control the rotor speed and/or the rotor is built with the possibility of self-rotation, for example, through special nozzles built in separate ports for supplying the working fluid to the channels of the rotor, for example, also with the ability to control the rotor speed, meanwhile the housing of the pressure exchanger can be made hermetic. 
     
     
         13 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the in the walls of the housing of the cascade pressure exchanger, opposite to at least a part of the channels in the rotor which are fully or partially combined with windows on the opposite side, with said windows being connected to bypass-mass transfer channels, with the possibility of increasing the pressure in these channels of the rotor, and possibly partially opposite to the high-pressure working fluid supply port of the cascade pressure exchanger, nozzles are built for injection of the coolant under the pressure into the channels, and they are connected directly or through a pump to the coolant source, for example to a condensate collector of at least one of the condensate separator, while the coolant can be water or at least one of the refrigerants in a liquid state circulating in the arrangement, at least in part of the cycle. 
     
     
         14 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the in the walls of the housing of the cascade pressure exchanger, opposite to at least a part of the channels in the rotor which are fully or partially combined with windows on the opposite side, with said windows being connected to bypass-mass transfer channels, with the possibility of reducing the pressure in these channels of the rotor, nozzles are built for injection of the heating medium under the pressure into the channels, for example, the pre-evaporated and heated liquid, for example water or liquefied refrigerant, and these nozzles are connected, for example, through a pump, to a source of heating liquid, for example, in the form of a reservoir, in the form of a waste heat boiler, in the form of a compressed gas cooler with separation of hot condensate and so on, meanwhile a heating liquid separator, for example for water, can be built at the outlet of the low-pressure working fluid discharge port of the cascade pressure exchanger. 
     
     
         15 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the a cascade of arrangements is contained, connected in series to the heat exchangers: for pre-cooling and/or liquefying and/or sub-cooling of gas and/or steam, as it cools, and these arrangements have, for example, various refrigerants or mixtures of refrigerants as working fluids, for example, at first as gas or a mixture of gases cools or liquefies with a low-boiling refrigerants, and then with more readily boiling ones, while recuperative heat exchangers connected to refrigerant circulation circuits and separators built with the possibility of extracting low-boiling gases from the flow of the cooled mixture of gases can be installed between the cascades. 
     
     
         16 . The arrangement according to the  claim 1 , wherein the inlet of the compressed working fluid in front of the high-pressure working fluid supply port of the pressure exchanger is built in a heat removal device, for example, in the form of a heat exchanger connected to a source of refrigeration.