Cladding element for a building

Abstract

A cladding element for a building or a part of a building, in particular for a roof, and method for producing a cladding element. The cladding element includes a contact surface which faces the building during use and an outer structure which faces the environment of the building during use, wherein the outer structure is determined by a base material of the cladding element. The the outer structure includes a plurality of reflective surfaces for reflecting solar radiation, in particular IR radiation, and includes a plurality of absorbent surfaces for absorbing solar radiation, in particular IR radiation, wherein the reflective surfaces reflect the solar radiation, in particular the IR radiation, to a greater degree than the absorbent surfaces, and/or wherein the absorbent surfaces absorb the solar radiation, in particular the IR radiation, to a greater degree than the reflective surfaces.

1 . A cladding element for a building or a part of a building, in particular for a roof, wherein the cladding element comprises a contact surface which faces the building during use and an outer structure which faces the environment of the building during use, wherein the outer structure is determined by a base material of the cladding element, wherein the outer structure comprises a plurality of reflective surfaces for reflecting solar radiation, in particular IR radiation, and comprises a plurality of absorbent surfaces for absorbing solar radiation, in particular IR radiation, wherein the reflective surfaces reflect the solar radiation, in particular the IR radiation, to a greater degree than the absorbent surfaces, and/or wherein the absorbent surfaces absorb the solar radiation, in particular the IR radiation, to a greater degree than the reflective surfaces, wherein the reflective surfaces comprise a coating formed with an engobe and/or a glaze, which coating is more reflective for solar radiation, in particular IR radiation, than the absorbent surfaces and/or more reflective than the base material of the cladding element. 
     
     
         2 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein the cladding element comprises 8 to 4000, in particular 11 to 3000, reflective surfaces and/or comprises 8 to 4000, in particular 11 to 3000, absorbent surfaces. 
     
     
         3 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein a size ratio between all reflective surfaces and all absorbent surfaces of the cladding element is from 90:10 to 50:50. 
     
     
         4 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein the outer structure is embodied in a stepped manner and/or wherein the reflective surfaces and the absorbent surfaces are arranged in an alternating manner. 
     
     
         5 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein the reflective surfaces are respectively arranged at an angle α, in particular at an angle α of 70° to 179°, to the adjoining absorbent surface, wherein it is in particular provided that the reflective surfaces respectively extend from a lower vertex, facing the contact surface of the cladding element, to an upper vertex, facing the environment, and wherein the absorbent surfaces respectively extend from the upper vertex to the lower vertex between the absorbent surface and another reflective surface. 
     
     
         6 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein the upper vertex and the lower vertex have a height difference d of 0.05 cm to 5 cm. 
     
     
         7 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein a transition region is embodied between the reflective surfaces and the absorbent surfaces, wherein the outer structure comprises an edge, a bevel, or a rounding in the transition region. 
     
     
         8 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein at least one, in particular every, reflective surface is embodied to be concave or convex, and/or wherein at least one, in particular every, absorbent surface is embodied to be convex or concave. 
     
     
         9 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein the reflective surfaces and/or the absorbent surfaces are arranged in a strip shape, a wave shape, triangularly, or in a diamond shape. 
     
     
         10 . The cladding element according to  claim 9 , wherein the reflective surfaces and the absorbent surfaces are arranged in a strip shape, wherein it is in particular provided that the reflective surfaces respectively have a strip width from the lower vertex to the upper vertex of 0.05 cm to 10 cm, and/or that the absorbent surfaces respectively have a strip width from the upper vertex to the lower vertex of 0.05 cm to 10 cm. 
     
     
         11 . The cladding element according to  claim 9 , wherein the reflective surfaces are arranged in a diamond shape and the absorbent surfaces surround the reflective surfaces in a zig-zag strip shape, wherein it is in particular provided that the diamond-shaped reflective surfaces respectively have, from the lower vertex to the upper vertex, a longitudinal diagonal of 0.05 cm to 10 cm, and/or wherein the diamond-shaped reflective surfaces have a transverse diagonal, arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal diagonal, of 0.05 cm to 10 cm, and/or wherein the strip-shaped absorbent surfaces respectively have, from the upper vertex to the lower vertex, a strip width of 0.05 cm to 10 cm, in particular of 0.05 cm to 5 cm. 
     
     
         12 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein the reflective surfaces and/or the absorbent surfaces have a lateral slope, wherein it is in particular provided that the direction of fall of the slope is arranged at an angle, in particular at an angle of over 0° to 90°, to a line perpendicular to the upper end and/or to the lower end. 
     
     
         13 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein the reflective surfaces comprise a coating that is more reflective for solar radiation, in particular IR radiation, than the absorbent surfaces and/or more reflective than the base material of the cladding element. 
     
     
         14 . (canceled) 
     
     
         15 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein the base material of the cladding element is tile, in particular tile made of clay or concrete. 
     
     
         16 . The cladding element according to  claim 1 , wherein the cladding element is a roof tile. 
     
     
         17 . A roof, in particular a roof having a roof pitch of 10° to 70°, comprising at least one cladding element according to  claim 1 , in particular comprising the plurality of cladding elements. 
     
     
         18 . The roof according to  claim 17 , wherein the pitch of the absorbent surfaces is greater than the pitch of the reflective surfaces. 
     
     
         19 . The roof according to  claim 17 , wherein in a view from a vertical line, the reflective surfaces and the absorbent surfaces are visible at a ratio of 100:0 to 40:60. 
     
     
         20 . The roof according to  claim 16 , wherein the reflective surfaces are respectively arranged at an angle β of −5° to −65° to a horizontal line and/or wherein the absorbent surfaces are respectively arranged at an angle δ of −60° to +60° to a perpendicular line. 
     
     
         21 . A method for producing a cladding element for a building or a part of a building, in particular for a roof, wherein the cladding element comprises a contact surface which faces the building during use and an outer structure which faces the environment of the building during use, wherein the outer structure is determined by a base material of the cladding element, wherein the outer structure comprises a plurality of reflective surfaces for reflecting solar radiation, and comprises a plurality of absorbent surfaces for absorbing solar radiation, wherein the reflective surfaces reflect the solar radiation to a greater degree than the absorbent surfaces, and/or wherein the absorbent surfaces absorb the solar radiation to a greater degree than the reflective surfaces. wherein a base body formed using the base material, preferably made of clay, is obtained, wherein the base material determines an outer structure of the cladding element, after which the base body is coated with a coating, that is formed with an engobe and/or glaze, after which the coating is removed from the base body in regions, in order to form the reflective surfaces with regions of the base body coated with the coating and to form the absorbent surfaces with regions of the base body from which the coating was removed. 
     
     
         22 . The method according to  claim 21 , wherein the coating of the base body with the coating takes place by spray methods. 
     
     
         23 . The method according to  claim 21 , wherein the removal of the coating in regions takes place by a machining method, in particular by milling, and/or by a laser. 
     
     
         24 . A method for producing a cladding element for a building or a part of a building, in particular for a roof, wherein the cladding element comprises a contact surface which faces the building during use and an outer structure which faces the environment of the building during use, wherein the outer structure is determined by a base material of the cladding element, wherein the outer structure comprises a plurality of reflective surfaces for reflecting solar radiation, and comprises a plurality of absorbent surfaces for absorbing solar radiation, wherein the reflective surfaces reflect the solar radiation to a greater degree than the absorbent surfaces, and/or wherein the absorbent surfaces absorb the solar radiation to a greater degree than the reflective surfaces, wherein a base body formed using a base material, preferably made of clay, is obtained, wherein the base material determines an outer structure of the cladding element, after which the base body is selectively coated with an engobe and/or glaze, such that coated regions of the base body essentially form the reflective surfaces, wherein the coating takes place by 3D printing, in particular digital 3D printing, and/or with the use of a temporary covering, in particular a mask. 
     
     
         25 . (canceled)