Anatomic visualization and measurement for orthopedic surgeries

Abstract

A system and method for determination of one or more dimensions (e.g., width or length) of an anatomic feature (e.g., bone) of a subject includes a radiographic imaging system configured to image the subject, an optical imaging system computer to determine the position of the subject relative to one or more components of the radiographic imaging system, and one or more processors configured to determine the one or more dimension of the anatomic feature based on an image, generated by the radiographic imaging system, of the anatomic feature and the determined position of the subject relative to one or more components of the radiographic imaging system.

1 . A system for determining one or more dimensions of an anatomic feature in a subject, the system comprising:
 a first imaging system including a radiation source configured to emit radiation toward a subject containing the anatomic feature, a radiation detector configured to receive radiation in response to the radiation emitted from the radiation source toward the subject and to generate signals indicative of an attribute of the received radiation, and one or more processors configured to receive the signals from the radiation detector and generate image data corresponding to an image of the anatomic feature based on the received signals; and   a second imaging system configured to acquire information relating to a relative position between the subject and the radiation source or radiation detector,   the one or more processors being adapted to derive one or more dimensions of the anatomic feature based on the relative position between the subject and the radiation source or radiation detector.   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first imaging system is an x-ray imaging system, the radiation source comprises an x-ray source, and the radiation detector comprises an x-ray detector, the x-ray source and x-ray detector being disposed to accommodate a subject therebetween;   the x-ray source is configured to emit x-ray energy toward the subject;   the x-ray detector is configured to receive x-ray energy emitted from x-ray source and passed through the subject and generate signals indicative of the attenuation of the x-ray energy by different portions of the subject; and the one or processors are programmed to receive the signal from the x-ray detector and generate an image of the subject, including the anatomic feature in the subject, within a field-of-view.   
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein the second imaging system includes an optical camera disposed in a predetermined position relative to the x-ray source, the optical camera being configured to measure the distance between the subject and the optical camera, thereby determining the relative position between the subject and the x-ray source or x-ray detector of the x-ray imaging system. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 3 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to derive one or more dimensions of the anatomic feature based on the size of the image of the anatomic feature and the relative position between the subject and the x-ray source or x-ray detector of the x-ray imaging system acquired from the second imaging system. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the second imaging system includes a second optical camera configured to acquire optical images of the subject. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 2 , further comprising an x-ray collimator for the x-ray source, wherein the optical camera is disposed proximate the x-ray collimator. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the x-ray imaging system comprises a C-arm x-ray imaging system and further comprises:
 a base; and   a C-arm having two extremities and a mid-section between the two extremities, the C-arm being supported by the base at the mid-section,   wherein the x-ray source and x-ray detector are supported at the respective extremities of the C-arm.   
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 6 , wherein the one or more processors are configured combine the optical images with the images generated by the first imaging system to create composite images. 
     
     
         9 . A method for measuring a one or more dimensions of an anatomic feature of a subject, the method including:
 acquiring a radiographic image of the anatomic feature using a radiographic imaging system;   determining, substantially simultaneously with the acquisition of the radiographic image, and using an optical imaging system, the position of the subject relative to one or more components of the radiographic imaging system; and   determining the one or more dimensions of the anatomic feature based on the radiographic image and the position of the subject relative to one or more components of the radiographic imaging system.   
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the position of the subject relative to one or more components of the radiographic imaging system is measured based on the distance between the subject and the radiation source or detector of the radiographic imaging system. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the determination of the one or more dimensions of the anatomic feature includes determining the size of the image of the anatomic feature in the radiographic image, and adjusting the size of the image of the anatomic feature by a magnification factor, which is a function of the distance between the subject and one or more components of the radiographic imaging system and of the distance between two or more components of the radiographic imaging system. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the first imaging system comprises an x-ray imaging apparatus, and the second imaging system comprises a depth-sensing camera disposed and adapted to provide a measure of a source-to-object distance (SOD) between the radiation source and the subject. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 12 , wherein the radiation detector is spaced apart from the radiation source by a source-to-image distance (SID), and the one or more processors are adapted to derive one or more dimensions of the anatomic feature based on SOD, SID, and a size of the image of the anatomic feature. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 5 , wherein the one or more processors are adapted to generate image data corresponding to a composite image of the optical image and the image based on the received signals from the x-ray imaging apparatus. 
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 5 , further comprising a display adapted to display in real time the optical image acquired by the second optical camera and the image based on the received signals from the x-ray imaging apparatus. 
     
     
         16 . The system of  claim 11 , wherein the depth-sensing camera is adapted to generate a map indicative of distances from the radiation source to respective portions of the subject being imaged. 
     
     
         17 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more processors are further adapted to co-register the map with the image based on the received signals from the x-ray imaging apparatus. 
     
     
         18 . A system for determining a one or more dimensions of an anatomic feature in a subject, the system comprising:
 a base;   a C-arm having two extremities and a mid-section between the two extremities, the C-arm being supported by the base at the mid-section,   an x-ray source supported at a first one of the extremities of the C-arm;   an x-ray detector supported at a second one of the extremities of the C-arm,
 the x-ray source and x-ray detector being spaced apart to accommodate a subject therebetween the x-ray source being configured to emit x-ray radiation toward the x-ray detector, the x-ray detector being configured to receive the x-ray radiation from the x-ray source and generate signals indicative of an attribute of the received radiation; 
   a depth-sensing camera disposed proximate the x-ray source and configured to measure a distance between the x-ray source and the subject accommodated between the x-ray source and x-ray detector; and   one or more processors configured to:
 receive the signal generated by the x-ray detector and generate image data corresponding to a radiographic image of the anatomic feature in the subject based on the received signals; and 
 derive one or more dimensions of the anatomic feature based at least in part on the distance between the subject and the radiation source. 
   
     
     
         19 . The system of  claim 18 , wherein the one or more processors are configured generate a map of distances between the x-ray source to different points the subject and co-register at least a portion of the map with the radiographic image of the anatomic feature. 
     
     
         20 . The system of  claim 18 , further comprising an optical camera disposed proximate the radiation source and configured to generate an optical image of at least a portion of the subject, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to generate a composite image of the optical image and the radiographic image.