Permanent formwork

Abstract

A beam-node permanent formwork for casting reinforced concrete is disclosed, which includes using it for the construction of reinforced concrete 3D trusses in the tidal zone and underwater in coastal areas of reservoirs (from 1 to 12 meters deep) by eliminating deformations when filling the formwork with concrete and during operation, as well as by insulating concrete from the corrosive effects of salt water, biological destruction. The shell of the permanent formwork also significantly reduces the adhesion of concrete to ice, which significantly increases the service life of concrete products in the conditions of the sea or freezing reservoirs.

1 . A permanent formwork comprising nodal connecting elements and pipes, wherein the nodal connecting elements are configured as hollow volumetric bodies having a set of pipe sockets oriented at angles to each other, the set of pipe sockets comprising a first subset of pipe sockets and a second subset of pipe sockets, the first subset of pipe sockets being plugged, and the second subset of pipe sockets having the pipes installed therein. 
     
     
         2 . The permanent formwork according to  claim 1 , wherein the set of pipe sockets further comprises a third subset of pipe sockets, and wherein the permanent formwork further comprises external rods made of a metal or composite material, the external rods being installed in the third subset of pipe sockets of the nodal connecting elements at an angle to the second subset of pipe sockets. 
     
     
         3 . The permanent formwork according to  claim 1 , wherein the set of pipe sockets of the nodal connecting elements further comprises at least one pipe socket configured to be connected to a concrete pump to fill the permanent formwork with concrete. 
     
     
         4 . The permanent formwork according to  claim 1 , further comprising reusable removable frames fixed on the nodal connecting elements. 
     
     
         5 . The permanent formwork according to  claim 1 , wherein the nodal connecting elements are made of one of polyethylene, PVC, polypropylene, metal, and fiberglass. 
     
     
         6 . The permanent formwork according to  claim 1 , wherein the pipes comprise one of water pipes, gas pipes, and sewer pipes. 
     
     
         7 . The permanent formwork according to  claim 1 , wherein the pipes are made of one of polyethylene, PVC, polypropylene, metal, and fiberglass. 
     
     
         8 . The permanent formwork according to  claim 1 , wherein the pipes are fixed in the second subset of pipe sockets of the nodal connecting elements by using one of welding, tube-locking, gluing, bell connection, and fixing by screws, anchors, or rivets. 
     
     
         9 . The permanent formwork according to  claim 8 , wherein at least one of the pipes has a wall having a window made therein. 
     
     
         10 . The permanent formwork according to  claim 1 , wherein the second subset of pipe sockets of the nodal connecting elements comprises pipe sockets arranged coaxially so as to provide through placement of the pipes. 
     
     
         11 . The permanent formwork according to  claim 2 , wherein the third subset of pipe sockets of the nodal connecting elements comprises pipe sockets arranged coaxially so as to provide through placement of the external rods.