Fuels

Abstract

An additive composition for a diesel fuel, the additive composition comprising:a first additive comprising one or more of:the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid having at least one tertiary amino group and a primary or secondary amine;the reaction product of an α, β dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof and a primary amine; andthe reaction product of a polyamine and a fatty acid; anda second additive which is a terpolymer obtained by reacting monomers of:an α-olefin;an ester of an unsaturated alcohol; anda third monomer different to (x) and (y) comprising an alkene functional group.

1 . A diesel fuel composition comprising a major proportion of a diesel fuel comprising mineral diesel and from 1 to 30 wt % of a fuel selected from biodiesel, renewable diesel and mixtures thereof, and:
 a first additive (i) comprising:
 (a) the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid having at least one tertiary amino group and a primary or secondary amine; 
   a second additive (ii) which is a terpolymer obtained by reacting monomers of:
 (x) an α-olefin; 
 (y) an ester of an unsaturated alcohol; and 
 (z) a third monomer different to (x) and (y) comprising an alkene functional group. 
   
     
     
         2 . A method of improving the lower temperature flow properties of a diesel fuel composition comprising mineral diesel and from 1 to 30 wt % of a fuel selected from biodiesel, renewable diesel and mixtures thereof, the method comprising admixing into the composition:
 a first additive (i) comprising:
 (a) the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid having at least one tertiary amino group and a primary or secondary amine; and 
   a second additive (ii) which is a terpolymer obtained by reacting monomers of:
 (x) an α-olefin; 
 (y) an ester of an unsaturated alcohol; and 
 (z) a third monomer different to (x) and (y) comprising an alkene functional group. 
   
     
     
         3 . A composition according to  claim 1  wherein component (a) comprises the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid selected from nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and propylene-1,2-diamine tetraacetic acid and a secondary amine of formula HNR 2  in which each R is independently a straight chain or branched C 10  to C 30  alkyl or alkenyl group, preferably a C 14  to C 24  alkyl or alkenyl group. 
     
     
         4 . A composition according to  claim 1  wherein component (a) comprises the reaction product of 1 mole of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and 4 moles of hydrogenated tallow fatty amine. 
     
     
         5 . A composition according to  claim 1  wherein additive (i) further comprises (b) the reaction product of an α, β dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof and a primary amine. 
     
     
         6 . A composition according to  claim 1  wherein additive (i) further comprises (c) the reaction product of a polyamine and a fatty acid. 
     
     
         7 . A composition according to  claim 1  wherein additive (i) further comprises
 (a) the reaction product of an α, β dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof and a primary amine; and 
 (b) the reaction product of a polyamine and a fatty acid. 
 
     
     
         8 . A composition according to  claim 1  wherein the diesel fuel composition has an improved performance in a low temperature flow test (as defined in ASTM D4539 or CAN CGSB-3.0, no. 140.1-2017) as compared to the same fuel without the first additive (i) and the second additive (ii). 
     
     
         9 . A composition according to  claim 1  wherein monomer (x) is ethylene. 
     
     
         10 . A composition according to  claim 1  wherein monomer (y) is vinyl acetate. 
     
     
         11 . A composition according to  claim 2  wherein monomer (z) is selected from propene, vinyl neononanoate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate, preferably wherein (z) is 2-ethylhexylacrylate. 
     
     
         12 . A method according to  claim 2  wherein component (a) comprises the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid selected from nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and propylene-1,2-diamine tetraacetic acid and a secondary amine of formula HNR 2  in which each R is independently a straight chain or branched C 10  to C 30  alkyl or alkenyl group, preferably a C 14  to C 24  alkyl or alkenyl group. 
     
     
         13 . A method according to  claim 2  wherein component (a) comprises the reaction product of 1 mole of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and 4 moles of hydrogenated tallow fatty amine. 
     
     
         14 . A method according to  claim 2  wherein additive (i) further comprises (b) the reaction product of an α, β dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof and a primary amine. 
     
     
         15 . A method according to  claim 2  wherein additive (i) further comprises (c) the reaction product of a polyamine and a fatty acid. 
     
     
         16 . A method according to  claim 2  wherein additive (i) further comprises
 (a) the reaction product of an α, β dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof and a primary amine; and 
 (b) the reaction product of a polyamine and a fatty acid. 
 
     
     
         17 . A method according to  claim 2  which provides an improved performance in a low temperature flow test (as defined in ASTM D4539 or CAN CGSB-3.0, no. 140.1-2017) as compared to the same fuel without the first additive (i) and the second additive (ii). 
     
     
         18 . A method according to  claim 2  wherein monomer (x) is ethylene. 
     
     
         19 . A method according to  claim 2  wherein monomer (y) is vinyl acetate. 
     
     
         20 . A composition according to  claim 2  wherein monomer (z) is selected from propene, vinyl neononanoate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate, preferably wherein (z) is 2-ethylhexylacrylate. 
     
     
         21 . A method of improving the performance in an LTFT test of a diesel fuel composition comprising mineral diesel and from 1 to 30 wt % of a fuel selected from biodiesel, renewable diesel and mixtures thereof, the method comprising:
 dosing into the diesel fuel composition:
 a first additive (i) comprising:
 (a) the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid having at least one tertiary amino group and a primary or secondary amine; 
 
 a second additive (ii) which is a terpolymer obtained by reacting monomers of:
 (x) an α-olefin; 
 (y) an ester of an unsaturated alcohol; and 
 (z) a third monomer different to (x) and (y) comprising an alkene functional group; and 
 
   measuring the degree to which the LTFT is depressed compared with an otherwise identical fuel except for the presence of additive (i) and additive (ii).   
     
     
         22 . A method according to  claim 21  which provides an LTFT depression of at least 2° C.